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Rodrigues M, Ordoñez-Trejo EJ, Rasori A, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Bonghi C. Dissecting postharvest chilling injuries in pome and stone fruit through integrated omics. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1272986. [PMID: 38235207 PMCID: PMC10791837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Gapper NE, Bowen JK, Brummell DA. Biotechnological approaches for predicting and controlling apple storage disorders. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102851. [PMID: 36446143 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fruit storage disorders are major causes of crop losses and downgrades. Cold storage, either in air or in controlled atmospheres high in CO2 and low in O2, can result in chilling injury or respiratory injury (due to high internal CO2 concentrations). Here, we review biotechnological approaches currently being used to better understand these processes, to predict to provide resistance/tolerance to them. Reducing postharvest crop losses through improved cultivars or inventory management will be a major contributor to food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E Gapper
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Joanna K Bowen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Honaas L, Hargarten H, Hadish J, Ficklin SP, Serra S, Musacchi S, Wafula E, Mattheis J, dePamphilis CW, Rudell D. Transcriptomics of Differential Ripening in 'd'Anjou' Pear ( Pyrus communis L.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:609684. [PMID: 34220875 PMCID: PMC8243007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.609684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimating maturity in pome fruits is a critical task that directs virtually all postharvest supply chain decisions. This is especially important for European pear (Pyrus communis) cultivars because losses due to spoilage and senescence must be minimized while ensuring proper ripening capacity is achieved (in part by satisfying a fruit chilling requirement). Reliable methods are lacking for accurate estimation of pear fruit maturity, and because ripening is maturity dependent it makes predicting ripening capacity a challenge. In this study of the European pear cultivar 'd'Anjou', we sorted fruit at harvest based upon on-tree fruit position to build contrasts of maturity. Our sorting scheme showed clear contrasts of maturity between canopy positions, yet there was substantial overlap in the distribution of values for the index of absorbance difference (I AD ), a non-destructive spectroscopic measurement that has been used as a proxy for pome fruit maturity. This presented an opportunity to explore a contrast of maturity that was more subtle than I AD could differentiate, and thus guided our subsequent transcriptome analysis of tissue samples taken at harvest and during storage. Using a novel approach that tests for condition-specific differences of co-expressed genes, we discovered genes with a phased character that mirrored our sorting scheme. The expression patterns of these genes are associated with fruit quality and ripening differences across the experiment. Functional profiles of these co-expressed genes are concordant with previous findings, and also offer new clues, and thus hypotheses, about genes involved in pear fruit quality, maturity, and ripening. This work may lead to new tools for enhanced postharvest management based on activity of gene co-expression modules, rather than individual genes. Further, our results indicate that modules may have utility within specific windows of time during postharvest management of 'd'Anjou' pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Honaas
- USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Heidi Hargarten
- USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - John Hadish
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Ficklin
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sara Serra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Stefano Musacchi
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Eric Wafula
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - James Mattheis
- USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Claude W. dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David Rudell
- USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA, United States
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Dias C, L. Amaro A, C. Salvador Â, Silvestre AJD, Rocha SM, Isidoro N, Pintado M. Strategies to Preserve Postharvest Quality of Horticultural Crops and Superficial Scald Control: From Diphenylamine Antioxidant Usage to More Recent Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E356. [PMID: 32344588 PMCID: PMC7222380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Horticultural crops are vulnerable to several disorders, which affect their physiological and organoleptic quality. For about forty years, the control of physiological disorders (such as superficial scald) in horticultural crops, particularly in fruit, was achieved through the application of the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA), usually combined with controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions. However, identification of DPA residues and metabolites in treated fruits, associated with their toxicity, banned the use of this antioxidant in Europe. This triggered the urgent need for novel and, ideally, natural and sustainable alternatives, combined with adequate storage conditions to protect cultivars from harmful agents. This review systematizes the state-of-the-art DPA application on several fresh cultivars, such as apples, pears, and vegetables (potatoes, spinach, etc.), as well as the possible mechanisms of the action and effects of DPA, emphasizing its antioxidant properties. Alternative methods to DPA are also discussed, as well as respective effects and limitations. Recent research on scald development molecular pathways are highlighted to open new non-chemical strategies opportunities. This appraisal shows that most of the current solutions have not lead to satisfactory commercial results; thus, further research aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying postharvest disorders and to design sustainable and safe solutions to improve horticultural products storage is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Dias
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Ana L. Amaro
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Ângelo C. Salvador
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | | | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nélson Isidoro
- Cooperativa Agrícola dos Fruticultores do Cadaval, CRL (COOPVAL), Estrada Nacional 115, Km 26, 2550-108 Cadaval, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.)
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Marc M, Cournol M, Hanteville S, Poisson AS, Guillou MC, Pelletier S, Laurens F, Tessier C, Coureau C, Renou JP, Delaire M, Orsel M. Pre-harvest climate and post-harvest acclimation to cold prevent from superficial scald development in Granny Smith apples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6180. [PMID: 32277099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial scald is one of the most serious postharvest physiological disorders that can affect apples after a prolonged cold storage period. This study investigated the impact of pre- and post-harvest climatic variations on superficial scald in a susceptible apple cultivar. Fruit batches with contrasting phenotypes for superficial scald incidence were identified among several years of "Granny Smith" fruit production. The "low scald" year pre-harvest climate was characterised by a warm period followed by a sudden decrease in temperature, playing the part of an in vivo acclimation to cold storage. This was associated with many abiotic stress responsive genes which were induced in fruit peel. In particular 48 Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and 5 Heat Shock transcription Factors (HSFs) were strongly induced at harvest when scald incidence was low. For "high scald" year, a post-harvest acclimation of 1 week was efficient in reducing scald incidence. Expression profiles of stress related genes were affected by the acclimation treatment and indicate fruit physiological adaptations to cold storage. The identified stress-responsive genes, and in particular HSPs, could be useful indicators of the fruit physiological status to predict the risk of scald occurrence as early as harvest.
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Giné-Bordonaba J, Busatto N, Larrigaudière C, Lindo-García V, Echeverria G, Vrhovsek U, Farneti B, Biasioli F, De Quattro C, Rossato M, Delledonne M, Costa F. Investigation of the transcriptomic and metabolic changes associated with superficial scald physiology impaired by lovastatin and 1-methylcyclopropene in pear fruit (cv. "Blanquilla"). Hortic Res 2020; 7:49. [PMID: 32257235 PMCID: PMC7109095 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the physiology underlying the development of superficial scald in pears, susceptible "Blanquilla" fruit was treated with different compounds that either promoted (ethylene) or repressed (1-methylcyclopropene and lovastatin) the incidence of this disorder after 4 months of cold storage. Our data show that scald was negligible for the fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene or lovastatin, but highly manifested in untreated (78% incidence) or ethylene-treated fruit (97% incidence). The comparison between the fruit metabolomic profile and transcriptome evidenced a distinct reprogramming associated with each treatment. In all treated samples, cold storage led to an activation of a cold-acclimation-resistance mechanism, including the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, which was especially evident in 1-methylcyclopropane-treated fruit. Among the treatments applied, only 1-methylcyclopropene inhibited ethylene production, hence supporting the involvement of this hormone in the development of scald. However, a common repression effect on the PPO gene combined with higher sorbitol content was found for both lovastatin and 1-methylcyclopropene-treated samples, suggesting also a non-ethylene-mediated process preventing the development of this disorder. The results presented in this work represent a step forward to better understand the physiological mechanisms governing the etiology of superficial scald in pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Violeta Lindo-García
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Concetta De Quattro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
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Karagiannis E, Tanou G, Scossa F, Samiotaki M, Michailidis M, Manioudaki M, Laurens F, Job D, Fernie AR, Orsel M, Molassiotis A. Systems-Based Approaches to Unravel Networks and Individual Elements Involved in Apple Superficial Scald. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 32117359 PMCID: PMC7031346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Superficial scald is a major physiological disorder in apple fruit that is induced by cold storage and is mainly expressed as brown necrotic patches on peel tissue. However, a global view of the gene-protein-metabolite interactome underlying scald prevention/sensitivity is currently missing. Herein, we have found for the first time that cold storage in an atmosphere enriched with ozone (O3) induced scald symptoms in 'Granny Smith' apple fruits during subsequent ripening at room temperature. In contrast, treatment with the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) reversed this O3-induced scald effect. Amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, were the most strongly induced metabolites in peel tissue of 1-MCP treated fruits. Proteins involved in oxidative stress and protein trafficking were differentially accumulated prior to and during scald development. Genes involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and ethylene signaling displayed significant alterations in response to 1-MCP and O3. Analysis of regulatory module networks identified putative transcription factors (TFs) that could be involved in scald. Subsequently, a transcriptional network of the genes-proteins-metabolites and the connected TFs was constructed. This approach enabled identification of several genes coregulated by TFs, notably encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein(s) with distinct signatures following 1-MCP and O3 treatments. Overall, this study is an important contribution to future functional studies and breeding programs for this fruit, aiding to the development of improved apple cultivars to superficial scald.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Federico Scossa
- Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Manioudaki
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - François Laurens
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Dominique Job
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Bayer CropScience, Lyon, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mathilde Orsel
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wu Q, Li Z, Chen X, Yun Z, Li T, Jiang Y. Comparative metabolites profiling of harvested papaya (Carica papaya L.) peel in response to chilling stress. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6868-6881. [PMID: 31386200 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papaya, as one of the most important tropical fruits in the world, is easily subjected to chilling injury (CI). Research on the effect of chilling temperature storage on the metabolic changes of papaya peel is limited. RESULTS Chilling temperature (4 °C) inhibited fruit ripening and induced CI on papaya fruit. Additionally, low temperature altered the concentrations of 45 primary metabolites and 52 aroma volatile compounds in the papaya peel. Papaya fruit stored at different temperatures could be separated using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with primary metabolites and volatile compounds as variables. In total, 18 primary metabolites and 22 volatiles with variable importance in projection (VIP) score higher than one might be considered as potential markers in papaya peel in response to chilling stress. Metabolites related to aroma, such as organic acid, amino acids, hexanal, carbonic acid, pentadecyl propyl ester and methyl geranate, caryophyllene accounted for major part of the metabolism changes of papaya peel and contributed a lot in response to cold stress. CONCLUSION This study added new insights regarding effect of chilling stress on metabolites in papaya peel. Some important metabolites might be indicator for chilling stress and detection of these metabolites will guide us to regulate the storage temperature to avoid chilling and to prolong storage of papaya fruit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ze Yun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Dominguez-Huerta A, Perepichka I, Li CJ. Direct Synthesis of Diphenylamines from Phenols and Ammonium Formate Catalyzed by Palladium. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:2999-3002. [PMID: 31039284 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arylamines are commercially and synthetically useful compounds with a wide variety of applications. Their preparation has been traditionally achieved using metal-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions with aryl halides. In this work, 17 different diarylamines are prepared from phenols by using ammonium formate as the aminating reagent. Phenolic compounds are more desirable feedstocks, owing to their availability from lignin, making them valuable biorenewable alternatives to aryl halides. Ammonium formate is found to be a convenient surrogate for ammonia and a useful aminating reagent for phenols. Diarylamine products are obtained in good to excellent yields while only water and CO2 are generated as byproducts of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Dominguez-Huerta
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Inna Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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Serra S, Sullivan N, Mattheis JP, Musacchi S, Rudell DR. Canopy attachment position influences metabolism and peel constituency of European pear fruit. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:364. [PMID: 30563450 PMCID: PMC6299602 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent pear fruit ripening resulting from variable harvest maturity within tree canopies can contribute to postharvest losses through senescence and spoilage that would otherwise be effectively managed using crop protectant and storage regimes. Because those inconsistencies are likely based on metabolic differences, non-targeted metabolic profiling peel of 'd'Anjou' pears harvested from the external or internal canopy was used to determine the breadth of difference and link metabolites with canopy position during long-term controlled atmosphere storage. RESULTS Differences were widespread, encompassing everything from expected distinctions in flavonol glycoside levels between peel of fruit from external and internal canopy positions to increased aroma volatile production and sucrose hydrolysis with ripening. Some of the most substantial differences were in levels of triterpene and phenolic peel cuticle components among which acyl esters of ursolic acid and fatty acyl esters of p-coumaryl alcohol were higher in the cuticle of fruit from external tree positions, and acyl esters of α-amyrin were elevated in peel of fruit from internal positions. Possibly the most substantial dissimilarities were those that were directly related to fruit quality. Phytosterol conjugates and sesquiterpenes related to elevated superficial scald risk were higher in pears from external positions which were to be potentially rendered unmarketable by superficial scald. Other metabolites associated with fruit aroma and flavor became more prevalent in external fruit peel as ripening progressed and, likewise, with differential soluble solids and ethylene levels, suggesting the final product not only ripens differentially but the final fruit quality following ripening is actually different based on the tree position. CONCLUSIONS Given the impact tree position appears to have on the most intrinsic aspects of ripening and quality, every supply chain management strategy would likely lead to diverse storage outcomes among fruit from most orchards, especially those with large canopies. Metabolites consistently associated with peel of fruit from a particular canopy position may provide targets for non-destructive pre-storage sorting used to reduce losses contributed by this inconsistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Serra
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | - Nathanael Sullivan
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | - James P. Mattheis
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | - Stefano Musacchi
- Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | - David R. Rudell
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
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Karagiannis E, Michailidis M, Tanou G, Samiotaki M, Karamanoli K, Avramidou E, Ganopoulos I, Madesis P, Molassiotis A. Ethylene -dependent and -independent superficial scald resistance mechanisms in 'Granny Smith' apple fruit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11436. [PMID: 30061655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial scald is a major physiological disorder of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) characterized by skin browning following cold storage; however, knowledge regarding the downstream processes that modulate scald phenomenon is unclear. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying scald resistance, ‘Granny Smith’ apples after harvest were treated with diphenylamine (DPA) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), then cold stored (0 °C for 3 months) and subsequently were ripened at room temperature (20 °C for 8 days). Phenotypic and physiological data indicated that both chemical treatments induced scald resistance while 1-MCP inhibited the ethylene-dependent ripening. A combination of multi-omic analysis in apple skin tissue enabled characterization of potential genes, proteins and metabolites that were regulated by DPA and 1-MCP at pro-symptomatic and scald-symptomatic period. Specifically, we characterized strata of scald resistance responses, among which we focus on selected pathways including dehydroabietic acid biosynthesis and UDP-D-glucose regulation. Through this approach, we revealed scald-associated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolic signatures and identified pathways modulated by the common or distinct functions of DPA and 1-MCP. Also, evidence is presented supporting that cytosine methylation-based epigenetic regulation is involved in scald resistance. Results allow a greater comprehension of the ethylene–dependent and –independent metabolic events controlling scald resistance.
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Busatto N, Farneti B, Commisso M, Bianconi M, Iadarola B, Zago E, Ruperti B, Spinelli F, Zanella A, Velasco R, Ferrarini A, Chitarrini G, Vrhovsek U, Delledonne M, Guzzo F, Costa G, Costa F. Apple fruit superficial scald resistance mediated by ethylene inhibition is associated with diverse metabolic processes. Plant J 2018; 93:270-285. [PMID: 29160608 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruits stored at low temperature can exhibit different types of chilling injury. In apple, one of the most serious physiological disorders is superficial scald, which is characterized by discoloration and brown necrotic patches on the fruit exocarp. Although this phenomenon is widely ascribed to the oxidation of α-farnesene, its physiology is not yet fully understood. To elucidate the mechanism of superficial scald development and possible means of prevention, we performed an integrated metabolite screen, including an analysis of volatiles, phenols and lipids, together with a large-scale transcriptome study. We also determined that prevention of superficial scald, through the use of an ethylene action inhibitor, is associated with the triggering of cold acclimation-related processes. Specifically, the inhibition of ethylene perception stimulated the production of antioxidant compounds to scavenge reactive oxygen species, the synthesis of fatty acids to stabilize plastid and vacuole membranes against cold temperature, and the accumulation of the sorbitol, which can act as a cryoprotectant. The pattern of sorbitol accumulation was consistent with the expression profile of a sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MdS6PDH, the overexpression of which in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants confirmed its involvement in the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Martino Bianconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Iadarola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zago
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Zanella
- Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, via Laimburg 6, 39040, Ora, BZ, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Chitarrini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Costa
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
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