1
|
Liontis T, Verma K, Grishok A. DOT-1.1 (DOT1L) deficiency in C. elegans leads to small RNA-dependent gene activation. BBA Advances 2023; 3:100080. [PMID: 37082252 PMCID: PMC10074844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 (H3K79) is conserved from yeast to humans and is accomplished by Dot1 (disruptor of telomeric silencing-1) methyltransferases. The C. elegans enzyme DOT-1.1 and its interacting partners are similar to the mammalian DOT1L (Dot1-like) complex. The C. elegans DOT-1.1 complex has been functionally connected to RNA interference. Specifically, we have previously shown that embryonic and larval lethality of dot-1.1 mutant worms deficient in H3K79 methylation was suppressed by mutations in the RNAi pathway genes responsible for generation (rde-4) and function (rde-1) of primary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). This suggests that dot-1.1 mutant lethality is dependent on the enhanced production of some siRNAs. We have also found that this lethality is suppressed by a loss-of-function of CED-3, a conserved apoptotic protease. Here, we describe a comparison of gene expression and primary siRNA production changes between control and dot-1.1 deletion mutant embryos. We found that elevated antisense siRNA production occurred more often at upregulated than downregulated genes. Importantly, gene expression changes were dependent on RDE-4 in both instances. Moreover, the upregulated group, which is potentially activated by ectopic siRNAs, was enriched in protease-coding genes. Our findings are consistent with a model where in the absence of H3K79 methylation there is a small RNA-dependent activation of protease genes, which leads to embryonic and larval lethality. DOT1 enzymes' conservation suggests that the interplay between H3K79 methylation and small RNA pathways may exist in higher organisms.
Collapse
|
2
|
Alexandrova E, Salvati A, Pecoraro G, Lamberti J, Melone V, Sellitto A, Rizzo F, Giurato G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Weisz A. Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L as a Promising Epigenetic Target for Treatment of Solid Tumors. Front Genet 2022; 13:864612. [PMID: 35495127 PMCID: PMC9043692 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L (DOT1-like histone lysine methyltransferase) is responsible for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through specific methylation of lysine79 residue of histone H3 (H3K79) in actively transcribed genes. Its normal activity is crucial for embryonic development and adult tissues functions, whereas its aberrant functioning is known to contribute to leukemogenesis. DOT1L is the only lysine methyltransferase that does not contain a SET domain, which is a feature that allowed the development of selective DOT1L inhibitors that are currently investigated in Phase I clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recently, abnormal expression of this enzyme has been associated with poor survival and increased aggressiveness of several solid tumors. In this review evidences of aberrant DOT1L expression and activity in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon, and other solid tumors, and its relationships with biological and clinical behavior of the disease and response to therapies, are summarized. Current knowledge of the structural basis of DOT1L ability to regulate cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity and stemness, cell cycle progression, cell-to-cell signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance, through cooperation with several molecular partners including noncoding RNAs, is also reviewed. Finally, available options for the treatment of therapeutically challenging solid tumors by targeting DOT1L are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Medical Genomics Program and Division of Oncology, AOU “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viola Melone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Nassa, ; Alessandro Weisz,
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- Medical Genomics Program and Division of Oncology, AOU “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, Campus of Medicine of the University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Nassa, ; Alessandro Weisz,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tropée R, de la Peña Avalos B, Gough M, Snell C, Duijf PHG, Dray E. The SWI/SNF subunit SMARCD3 regulates cell cycle progression and predicts survival outcome in ER+ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 185:601-14. [PMID: 33180234 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in regulating transcriptional networks and timing of gene expression. Chromatin remodelers such as SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) harbor many protein components, with the catalytic subunit providing ATPase activity to displace histones along or from the DNA molecules, and associated subunits ensuring tissue specificity and transcriptional or co-transcriptional activities. Mutations in several of the SWI/SNF subunits have been linked to cancer. Here, we investigate between SMARCD3/Baf60c expression and hormone-positive (ER+) breast cancer. METHODS The level of SMARCD3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer patient samples, and expression levels of SMARCD1, SMARCD2, and SMARCD3 were investigated using publicly available datasets from large cohorts of breast cancer patients. Using molecular biology and microscopy, we interrogated the cellular consequences of lower SMARCD3 expression. RESULTS Lower proliferation rates were observed in SMARCD3-depleted cells, which reflects a failure of the cell cycle progression and an increase in endoreplication. In the absence of SMARCD3, p21 accumulates in cells, but does not halt the cell cycle, and DNA damage accumulates and remains unrepaired. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data begin to explain why ER+ breast cancer patients with low-SMARCD3 expressing tumors exhibit reduced survival rates compared to patients expressing normal or higher levels of SMARCD3. SMARCD3 might act as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell cycle checkpoints and could be a reliable and specific breast cancer prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets from colorectal cancer microenvironment. RESULTS 372 genes were overexpressed in colorectal cancer microenvironment, five of which that had the most prognostic powers were enriched in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and cell cycle pathways. For the first time, we showed that SMARCD3 was mainly expressed in CAFs and could be a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. Function analyses indicated that MSARCD3 might promote CAFs activation and colorectal cancer metastasis through SMARCD3-WNT5A/TGF-β-MAPK14-SMARCD3 positive feedback loop. Signaling map of SMARCD3 was constructed and several potential drugs that could regulate SMARCD3 were also presented. CONCLUSIONS SMARCD3 is a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target of colorectal cancer, which may promote cancer metastasis through activation of CAFs. METHODS Colorectal cancer microenvironment related genes were screened based on immune and stromal scores. Function enrichment analyses were performed to show the underlying mechanistic insights of these tumor microenvironment related genes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for evaluating the prognostic power. Gene-Pathway interaction network analysis and cellular heterogeneity analysis of tumor microenvironment were also performed. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed for signal gene pathway analysis. Protein data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used for validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiju Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China. People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China. Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Han
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China. People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China. Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai YJ, Ma B, Wang ML, Chen J, Zhao FG, Zhou JD, Guo X, Zheng L, Xu CJ, Wang Y, He YB, Liu J, Xie SN. Impact of Nischarin on EMT regulators in breast cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:291. [PMID: 33101485 PMCID: PMC7576990 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nischarin is an integrin-binding protein, which is well known as a novel tumor suppressor. In breast cancer, Nischarin serves a critical role in breast cancer cell migration and invasion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of Nischarin remains unclear. Recent findings have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) increases the capacity of cell migration and invasion. As a member of the integrin family, it was hypothesized that Nischarin may regulate cellular processes via various signaling pathways associated with the EMT process. The present study detected the mRNA levels of EMT regulators via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and related protein levels via western blotting in breast cancer cells, following NISCH-overexpression and -knockdown. The results demonstrated that Nischarin inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, when the NISCH gene was overexpressed, the relative mRNA level of E-cadherin was increased, while the relative mRNA levels of several transcription factors, such as Snail, ZEB1, N-cadherin, Slug, Twist1 and vimentin, decreased. When NISCH was silenced, these results were reversed. The present results demonstrated that Nischarin suppresses cell migration and invasion via inhibiting the EMT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Li Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Guang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Di Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Jing Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bo He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang University Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Nao Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang University Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vuoso DC, D'Angelo S, Ferraro R, Caserta S, Guido S, Cammarota M, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G. Annurca apple polyphenol extract promotes mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and inhibits migration in triple-negative breast cancer cells through ROS/JNK signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15921. [PMID: 32985606 PMCID: PMC7522716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been shown to correlate with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and metastasis. Thus, the induction of the reverse process might offer promising opportunities to restrain TNBC metastatic spreading and related mortality. Recently, the Annurca apple polyphenol extract (APE) has been highlighted as a multi-faceted agent that selectively kills TNBC cells by ROS generation and sustained JNK activation. Here, by qualitatively and quantitatively monitoring the real-time movements of live cells we provided the first evidence that APE inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells and downregulated metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9. In MDA-MB-231 cells APE decreased SMAD-2/3 and p-SMAD-2/3 levels, increased E-cadherin/N-cadherin protein ratio, induced the switch from N-cadherin to E-cadherin expression and greatly reduced vimentin levels. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy imaging of APE-treated MDA-MB-231 cells evidenced a significant cytoskeletal vimentin and filamentous actin reorganization and revealed considerable changes in cell morphology highlighting an evident transition from the mesenchymal to epithelial phenotype with decreased migratory features. Notably, all these events were reverted by N-acetyl-l-cysteine and JNK inhibitor SP600125 furnishing evidence that APE exerted its effects through the activation of ROS/JNK signaling. The overall data highlighted APE as a potential preventing agent for TNBC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cristina Vuoso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, "Parthenope" University, Via Medina 40, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ferraro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Korenjak M, Zavadil J. Experimental identification of cancer driver alterations in the era of pan-cancer genomics. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3622-3629. [PMID: 31594033 PMCID: PMC6890429 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly accumulating data from large-scale cancer genomics studies have been generating important information about genes and their somatic alterations underlying cell transformation, cancer onset and tumor progression. However, these events are usually defined by using computational techniques, whereas the understanding of their actual functional roles and impact typically warrants validation by experimental means. Critical information has been obtained from targeted genetic perturbation (gene knockout) studies conducted in animals, yet these investigations are cost-prohibitive and time-consuming. In addition, the 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) have been set in place to reduce animal use burden and are increasingly observed in many areas of biomedical research. Consequently, the focus has shifted to new designs of innovative cell-based experimental models of cell immortalization and transformation in which the critical cancer driver events can be introduced by mutagenic insult and studied functionally, at the level of critical phenotypic readouts. From these efforts, primary cell-based selective barrier-bypass models of cell immortalization have emerged as an attractive system that allows studies of the functional relevance of acquired mutations as well as their role as candidate cancer driver events. In this review, we provide an overview of various experimental systems linking carcinogen exposure-driven cell transformation with the study of cancer driver events. We further describe the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available cell-based models while outlining future directions for in vitro modeling and functional testing of cancer driver events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Korenjak
- Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Manjili MH, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor Cell Dormancy: Threat or Opportunity in the Fight against Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081207. [PMID: 31430951 PMCID: PMC6721805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor dormancy, a clinically undetectable state of cancer, makes a major contribution to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), minimum residual disease (MRD), tumor outgrowth, cancer relapse, and metastasis. Despite its high incidence, the whole picture of dormancy-regulated molecular programs is far from clear. That is, it is unknown when and which dormant cells will resume proliferation causing late relapse, and which will remain asymptomatic and harmless to their hosts. Thus, identification of dormancy-related culprits and understanding their roles can help predict cancer prognosis and may increase the probability of timely therapeutic intervention for the desired outcome. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the dormancy-dictated molecular mechanisms, including angiogenic switch, immune escape, cancer stem cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, miRNAs, epigenetic modifications, and stress-induced p38 signaling pathways. Further, we analyze the possibility of leveraging these dormancy-related molecular cues to outmaneuver cancer and discuss the implications of such approaches in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 9841, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 9841, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 9841, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 9841, Iran
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, VCU School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peyman Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim CH, Lee DH. KAT5 Negatively regulates the proliferation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells via the caspase 3-dependent apoptosis pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:253-259. [PMID: 31489246 PMCID: PMC6711033 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1644372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men over the age of sixty. Lysine acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) is a histone acetyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and cell signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown that KAT5 expression is reduced in the cytoplasm of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP when exposed to androgen. Moreover, KAT5 has been reported to have a role in the molecular pathway leading to androgen-independent prostate cancer after long-term androgen deprivation therapy. Here, we showed that KAT5 expression was significantly reduced in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines by using the public databases Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas. Reduced KAT5 expression was significantly associated with high mortality in prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, KAT5 overexpression increased the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-caspase 3, in LNCaP cells, thus enhancing the apoptotic death of LNCaP cells. Taken together, KAT5 induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via the caspase-3 pathway, indicating that KAT5 could be a gene therapy target for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khaled N, Bidet Y. New Insights into the Implication of Epigenetic Alterations in the EMT of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040559. [PMID: 31003528 PMCID: PMC6521131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, encompassing a wide heterogeneity of subtypes with different clinical features. During the last two decades, the use of targeted therapies has emerged in clinical research in order to increase treatment efficiency, improve prognosis and reduce recurrence. However, the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype remains a clinical challenge, with poor prognosis since no therapeutic targets have been identified. This aggressive breast cancer entity lacks expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and it does not overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The major reason for TNBC poor prognosis is early therapeutic escape from conventional treatments, leading to aggressive metastatic relapse. Metastases occur after an epithelial-mesenchymal transition EMT of epithelial cells, allowing them to break free from the primary tumour site and to colonize distant organs. Cancer-associated EMT consists not only of acquired migration and invasion ability, but involves complex and comprehensive reprogramming, including changes in metabolism, expression levels and epigenetic. Recently, many studies have considered epigenetic alterations as the primary initiator of cancer development and metastasis. This review builds a picture of the epigenetic modifications implicated in the EMT of breast cancer. It focuses on TNBC and allows comparisons with other subtypes. It emphasizes the role of the main epigenetic modifications lncRNAs, miRNAs, histone and DNA- modifications in tumour invasion and appearance of metastases. These epigenetic alterations can be considered biomarkers representing potential diagnostic and prognostic factors in order to define a global metastatic signature for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre Jean PERRIN et IMoST, UMR 1240, Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Temian DC, Pop LA, Irimie AI, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Epigenetics of Triple-Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer: Current Knowledge. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:233-243. [PMID: 30275851 PMCID: PMC6158152 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence among all malignancies diagnosed in women. Therapies have significantly improved over the years due to extensive molecular and clinical research; in a large number of cases, targeted therapies have provided better prognosis. However, one specific subtype remains elusive to targeted therapies–the triple-negative breast cancer. This immunohistochemically defined subtype is resistant to both endocrine and targeted therapies, leading to its poor prognosis. A field that is of great promise in current cancer research is epigenetics. By studying the epigenetic mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis–DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs–advances in cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention are possible. This review aims to synthesize the epigenetic discoveries that have been made related to the triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Cosmina Temian
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Ancuta Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Division of Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MedFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. I Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jaiswal RK, Kumar P, Kumar M, Yadava PK. hTERT promotes tumor progression by enhancing TSPAN13 expression in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1038-1054. [PMID: 29722072 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase complex maintains the length of the telome, cbre, and protects erosion of the physical ends of the eukaryotic chromosome in all actively dividing cells including cancer cells. Telomerase activation extends the lifespan of cells in culture by maintaining the length of the telomere. Compared to terminally differentiated somatic cells, telomerase activity remains high in over 90% of cancer cells. It has now become clear that the role of telomerase is much more complex than just telomere lengthening. The remaining 10% of cancers deploy ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway to maintain telomere length. Telomerase inhibitors offer a good therapeutic option. Also, telomerase-associated molecules can be targeted provided their roles are clearly established. In any case, it is necessary to understand the major role of telomerase in cancer cells. Many studies have already been done to explore gene profiling of a telomerase positive cell by knocking down expression of hTERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). To complement these studies, we performed global gene profiling of a telomerase negative cell by ectopically expressing hTERT and studied changes in the global gene expression patterns. Analysis of microarray data for telomerase negative cells ectopically expressing telomerase showed 76 differentially regulated genes, out of which 39 genes were upregulated, and 37 were downregulated. Three upregulated genes such as TSPAN13, HMGCS2, DLX5, and three downregulated genes like DHRS2, CRYAB, and PDLIM1 were validated by real-time PCR. Knocking down of TSAPN13 in hTERT overexpressing U2OS cells enhanced the apoptosis of the cells. TSPAN13 knockdown in these cells suppressed mesenchymal properties and enhanced epithelial character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Jaiswal
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie X, Xu Z, Wang C, Fang C, Zhao J, Xu L, Qian X, Dai J, Sun F, Xu D, He W. Tip60 is associated with resistance to X-ray irradiation in prostate cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 8:271-278. [PMID: 29435417 PMCID: PMC5794467 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tip60, an oncogene, accelerates cell growth by regulating androgen receptor translocation into the nucleus in prostate cancer. However, the mechanism of Tip60 in the response of prostate cancer to radiotherapy, and radioresistance, has not been studied. Using human prostate cancer samples and two human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and DU145), Tip60 protein expression and the acetylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) were analysed by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Tip60 was downregulated with small interfering RNA. Cells were irradiated using X‐rays at 0.25 Gy·min−1. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The expression of Tip60 protein was increased in radioresistant prostate cancer tissues in comparison with radiosensitive tissues, which was also confirmed in both irradiated DU145 and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, the acetylation of ATM was also upregulated in a time‐dependent manner after irradiation of both DU145 and LNCaP cells. Additionally, depletion of Tip60 decreased the survival of LNCaP and DU145 cells by inducing apoptosis, reduced the acetylation of ATM and decreased the expression of phosphorylated ATM, Chk2 and cdc25A in both DU145 and LNCaP cells after X‐ray irradiation. The results of this study demonstrated that the expression of Tip60 may be related to the radioresistance of prostate cancer and could serve as a promising predictive factor for prostate cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Zhaoping Xu
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Juping Zhao
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qian
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Fukang Sun
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Jiao J. Histone chaperone HIRA regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis via β-catenin. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1975-1992. [PMID: 28515277 PMCID: PMC5496612 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone cell cycle regulator (HIRA) is a histone chaperone and has been identified as an epigenetic regulator. Subsequent studies have provided evidence that HIRA plays key roles in embryonic development, but its function during early neurogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that HIRA is enriched in neural progenitor cells, and HIRA knockdown reduces neural progenitor cell proliferation, increases terminal mitosis and cell cycle exit, and ultimately results in premature neuronal differentiation. Additionally, we demonstrate that HIRA enhances β-catenin expression by recruiting H3K4 trimethyltransferase Setd1A, which increases H3K4me3 levels and heightens the promoter activity of β-catenin. Significantly, overexpression of HIRA, HIRA N-terminal domain, or β-catenin can override neurogenesis abnormities caused by HIRA defects. Collectively, these data implicate that HIRA, cooperating with Setd1A, modulates β-catenin expression and then regulates neurogenesis. This finding represents a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying the histone code and has profound and lasting implications for diseases and neurobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|