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Rahmani F, Mohammed Al-Asady A, Hanaie R, Zandigohar M, Faridnejad H, Payazdan M, Safavi P, Ryzhikov M, Hassanian SM. Interplay between lncRNA/miRNA and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in brain cancer tumorigenesis. EXCLI J 2023; 22:1211-1222. [PMID: 38204968 PMCID: PMC10776877 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers are among the most aggressive malignancies with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenesis of brain cancers is a very complicated process involving various genetic mutations affecting several oncogenic signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin axis. Uncontrolled activation of this oncogenic signaling is associated with decreased survival rate and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to play important roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by regulating the expression of their target genes. Aberrant expression of these non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was reported in many human cancers, including glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma. Multiple lncRNAs were shown to participate in brain tumor pathogenesis by targeting Wnt signaling regulatory miRNAs. SNHG7/miR-5095, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, SNHG6/miR-944, SNHG1/ miR-556-5p, SNHG17/ miR-506-3p, LINC00702/miR-4652-3p, DLGAP1-AS1/miR-515-5p, HOTAIR/miR-1, HOTAIR/miR-206, CRNDE/miR-29c-3p, AGAP2-AS1/ miR-15a/b-5p, CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, and GAS5/miR-27a-5p are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Therefore, recognition of the expression profile and regulatory role of ncRNAs on the Wnt signaling may offer a novel approach to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human cancers. This review summarizes previous data on the modulatory role of lncRNAs/miRNAs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway implicated in tumor growth, EMT, metastasis, and chemoresistance in brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Kashmar School of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hanaie
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zandigohar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Mahya Payazdan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pegah Safavi
- Department of Medical Radiation, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang L, Xu D. Regulation of long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis and clinical implications of pituitary adenomas. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1047. [PMID: 37904679 PMCID: PMC10571498 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a type of tumor that develops in the sella turcica and is one of the most frequent intracranial tumors. It belongs to a type of adenoma derived from a single clone of cells in the pituitary gland. PA ranks third among all intracranial tumors, following only gliomas and meningioma. The average prevalence rate is approximately 15% at autopsy and 22.5% at radiological examinations. OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE Most PAs are benign and non-invasive adenomas that can be removed surgically or controlled with medication. However, approximately 35% of them show invasion into nearby anatomical structures and cannot be completely resected. 0.1%~0.2% of PA cases eventually develop into pituitary carcinomas. Additionally, PA may cause severe morbidity due to mass effects and the disorder of pituitary hormone secretion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the pathological mechanism of PA, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and develop targeted therapies. RESEARCH STATUS Although current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PA remains limited, epigenetic modulation of PA has been increasingly implicated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and exert substantial roles in the initiation, progression, or suppression of various tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown close relationships between lncRNA dysregulation and PA development. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights recent progress in the study of lncRNAs in PA pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyLiangzhou HospitalWuweiGansuChina
| | - Dingkai Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryLiangzhou HospitalWuweiGansuChina
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Wu W, Cao L, Jia Y, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Gui S. Emerging Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and Their Cross-Talk in Pituitary Adenoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182920. [PMID: 36139495 PMCID: PMC9496700 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor without specific biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), regulate a variety of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increasing studies have shown that the dysregulation of ncRNAs, especially the cross-talk between lncRNA/circRNA and miRNA, is related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of PA. Therefore, ncRNAs can be considered as promising biomarkers for PA. In this review, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs from different specimens (i.e., tissues, biofluids, cells, and exosomes) in multiple subtypes of PA and highlight important advances in understanding the contribution of the cross-talk between ncRNAs (e.g., competing endogenous RNAs) to PA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Youchao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.G.)
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Stavast CJ, van Zuijen I, Erkeland SJ. MicroRNA-139, an Emerging Gate-Keeper in Various Types of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050769. [PMID: 35269391 PMCID: PMC8909004 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting data show that MIR139 is commonly silenced in solid cancer and hematological malignancies. MIR139 acts as a critical tumor suppressor by tuning the cellular response to different types of stress, including DNA damage, and by repressing oncogenic signaling pathways. Recently, novel insights into the mechanism of MIR139 silencing in tumor cells have been described. These include epigenetic silencing, inhibition of POL-II transcriptional activity on gene regulatory elements, enhanced expression of competing RNAs and post-transcriptional regulation by the microprocessor complex. Some of these MIR139-silencing mechanisms have been demonstrated in different types of cancer, suggesting that these are more general oncogenic events. Reactivation of MIR139 expression in tumor cells causes inhibition of tumor cell expansion and induction of cell death by the repression of oncogenic mRNA targets. In this review, we discuss the different aspects of MIR139 as a tumor suppressor gene and give an overview on different transcriptional mechanisms regulating MIR139 in oncogenic stress and across different types of cancer. The novel insights into the expression regulation and the tumor-suppressing activities of MIR139 may pave the way to new treatment options for cancer.
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Zheng X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Jiang B, Liu Y. MiR-139-3p Targets CHEK1 Modulating DNA Repair and Cell Viability in Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 35150405 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) can be classified into several subtypes, where lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) is one common subtype. Though miR-139-3p has been reported to be implicated in the development of various cancers, its mechanisms and functions remain unclear in LUSC. In this study, miR-139-3p was screened as one of the significantly down-regulated miRNAs in LUSC by an "edgeR" differential analysis based on TCGA database, which was verified by qRT-PCR in LUSC cell lines as well. The viability and cell cycle of the LUSC cells were examined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively, exhibiting that upregulating miR-139-3p restrained cell viability and thus accelerating the cell cycle. To explain this phenomenon, we further explored the downstream target gene through miRTarBase and starBase databases, where CHEK1 was predicted as one candidate. The targeting relationship was verified by a dual luciferase assay, identifying that CHEK1 could be targeted by miR-139-3p. Then, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of CHEK1 mRNA and proteins under the alteration of miR-139-3p expression. Rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the impacts of miR-139-3p/CHEK1 axis on the cell viability and cell cycle of LUSC. The results indicated that the effects of miR-139-3p on the LUSC cell phenotypes could be blocked by overexpressing CHEK1. In conclusion, our study provides a novel insight into the regulatory role of miR-139-3p in the development of LUSC.
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Li Y, Lv M, Lu M, Guan H. miR-124a Involves in the Regulation of Wnt/ β-Catenin and P53 Pathways to Inhibit Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via Targeting BRD4. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022; 2022:9241959. [PMID: 35096137 PMCID: PMC8799344 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9241959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) belongs to a progressive, gradual aortic rupture, which can lead to death without surgical intervention. The key factors regulating the occurrence and progress of AAA are not clear. Increasing studies have indicated that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in cancer development. miR-124a serves as a tumor suppressor in several neoplasms, and its upregulation can greatly inhibit the life activities such as malignant growth and migration of tumor cells. AIM The objective of this study is to explore the association of miR-124a with AAA and to uncover the regulated mechanism of miR-124a on AAA progression. METHODS The specimens from the AAA patients were used for observing the miR-124a expression, and human aortic endothelial cells (hAoECs) were treated with AngII to establish the AAA cell models. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), CCK-8, transwell assay, flow cytometry assay, and western blot were conducted to unearth the regulation mechanism of miR-124a on AAA, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to investigate the downstream target of miR-124a. RESULTS miR-124a was significantly downregulated in the whole blood of the patients, and the decreased miR-124a was also observed in AAA cell models. Overexpressing miR-124a could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration and promote the apoptosis of the AAA cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that BRD4 was a downstream target of miR-124a, and BRD4 upregulation could obviously reverse the effects of miR-124a on the phenotype of AAA cells. Moreover, it was found that miR-124a could regulate the activities of Wnt/β-catenin and P53 pathways via targeting the BRD4. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that miR-124a could regulate the activities of Wnt/β-catenin and P53 to suppress the AAA progression via targeting the BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Meifeng Lv
- Pharmacy Department of Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Mingshu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
| | - Hongliang Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Shanxian Central Hospital, China
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Jiang F, Lv Q, Hu C, Li Z, Wu H, Gao S, Wang H, Zhao Y, Shao Q. PCAT6 May Be a Whistler and Checkpoint Target for Precision Therapy in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6101. [PMID: 34885209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6), as a newly discovered carcinogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is abnormally expressed in multiple diseases. With the accumulation of studies on PCAT6, we have a deeper understanding of its biological functions and mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, the various molecular mechanisms by which PCAT6 promotes multiple tumorigenesis and progression are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, its potential diagnostic, prognostic, and immunotherapeutic values are also clarified. Abstract LncRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progressions of multiple cancers. Emerging evidence has shown that PCAT6, a newly discovered carcinogenic lncRNA, is abnormally elevated in various human malignant tumors. Until now, PCAT6 has been found to sponge various miRNAs to activate the signaling pathways, which further affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Moreover, PCAT6 has been shown to exert biological functions beyond ceRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of PCAT6 in a variety of human malignancies and describe the biological mechanisms by which PCAT6 can facilitate tumor progression. Finally, we discuss its diagnostic and prognostic values and clinical applications in various human malignancies.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Sharifi G. The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Pituitary Gland Tumors and Meningioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235987. [PMID: 34885097 PMCID: PMC8656547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which are involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. LncRNAs that participate in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors mainly serve as sponges for miRNAs. CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, XIST/miR-424-5p, H19/miR-93a, LINC00473/miR-502-3p, SNHG7/miR-449a, MEG8/miR-454-3p, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, MEG3/miR-376B-3P, SNHG6/miR-944, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, lncRNA-m433s1/miR-433, TUG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-302, SNHG1/miR-372, SNHG1/miR-373, and SNHG1/miR-520 are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Hsa_circ_0001368 and circOMA1 are two examples of circRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. Meanwhile, SNHG1, LINC00702, LINC00460, and MEG3 have been found to partake in the pathogenesis of meningioma. In the current review, we describe the role of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19835-35511, Iran;
| | - Atefe Abak
- Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19835-35511, Iran;
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19835-35511, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (G.S.)
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Cheng S, Guo J, Wang D, Fang Q, Liu Y, Xie W, Zhang Y, Li C. A Novel Three-LncRNA Signature Predicting Tumor Recurrence in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Front Genet 2021; 12:754503. [PMID: 34745223 PMCID: PMC8564111 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.754503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) recurrence rate is relatively high after surgical resection. Here, we constructed effective long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signatures to predict NFPA prognosis. LncRNAs expression microarray sequencing profiles were obtained from 66 NFPAs. Sixty-six patients were randomly separated into a training (n = 33) and test group (n = 33). Univariable Cox regression and a machine learning algorithm was used to filter lncRNAs. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to improve the prediction signature. Three lncRNAs (LOC101927765, RP11-23N2.4 and RP4-533D7.4) were included in a prognostic signature with high prediction accuracy for tumor recurrence, which had the largest area under ROC curve (AUC) value in the training/test group (AUC = 0.87/0.73). The predictive ability of the signature was validated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A signature-based risk score model divied patients into two risk group, and the recurrence-free survival rates of the groups were significantly different (log-rank p < 0.001). In addition, the ROC analysis showed that the lncRNA signature predictive ability was significantly better than that of age in the training/testing/entire group (AUC = 0.87/0.726/0.798 vs. AUC = 0.683/0.676/0.679). We constructed and verified a three-lncRNA signature predictive of recurrence, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for NFPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulou Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Donati S, Aurilia C, Palmini G, Miglietta F, Falsetti I, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Pituitary Adenomas. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 34564317 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are one of the most common lesions of intracranial neoplasms, occurring in approximately 15% of the general population. They are typically benign, although some adenomas show aggressive behavior, exhibiting rapid growth, drug resistance, and invasion of surrounding tissues. Despite ongoing improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, late first diagnosis is common, and patients with PAs are prone to relapse. Therefore, earlier diagnosis and prevention of recurrence are of importance to improve patient care. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding single stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. An increasing number of studies indicate that a deregulation of their expression patterns is related with pituitary tumorigenesis, suggesting that these small molecules could play a critical role in contributing to tumorigenesis and the onset of these tumors by acting either as oncosuppressors or as oncogenes, depending on the biological context. This paper provides an overview of miRNAs involved in PA tumorigenesis, which might serve as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers, and for the future development of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies for PAs.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Taheri M, Ebrahimzadeh K. A review on the role of PCAT6 lncRNA in tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112010. [PMID: 34388529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) firstly identified in 2013 through an integrative genomic analysis of different cancer tissues. This oncogenic lncRNA has been found to regulate carcinogenesis process in different tissues, including breast, ovary, stomach, bladder, colon, pancreas and liver. The role of PCAT6 in sequestering certain microRNAs has been well established. For instance, miR-4723-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-30, miR-15a, miR-513a and miR-204, and miR-326 are among those being sequestered by PCAT6. Over-expression of PCAT6 has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers including ovarian, bladder, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. In the present review, we summarize the impact of PCAT6 in the development of diverse types of cancers, based on the results of functional studies in cell lines, experiments in xenograft models of cancers and expression studies in samples obtained from human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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