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Larenas-Linnemann DES, Mayorga-Butrón JL, Maza-Solano J, Emelyanov AV, Dolci RLL, Miyake MM, Okamoto Y. Global expert views on the diagnosis, classification and pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis in clinical practice using a modified Delphi panel technique. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100800. [PMID: 37520611 PMCID: PMC10372170 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis, classification, and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) varies considerably despite the availability of treatment guidelines. Objectives We aimed to carry out a two-part modified Delphi panel study to elucidate global expert management of AR in real life. Methods The modified Delphi panel study was composed of two ten-minute online questionnaires sent to global AR experts, aiming to identify areas of consensus (defined as >75% respondent agreement) on aspects of their real-world daily practice related to AR diagnosis, classification, and pharmacotherapy. A workshop discussion with respondents held after the first-round questionnaire informed the development of the second-round questionnaire. Results Eighteen experts (from 7 countries across 3 continents) completed both questionnaires in September-October 2021 and January 2022, respectively. The majority of respondents agreed that diagnosis of AR is best confirmed using a mixture of observation and testing (n = 15) and collaborating with colleagues across other specialties (n = 14). Experts agreed that severity (n = 18), upper/lower respiratory tract involvement (n = 15) and symptom frequency (n = 14) are important factors when classifying AR, however consensus was not reached on which classification tool should be used. Although there were mixed opinions on the preferred pharmacotherapy treatment in the presented case studies, respondents largely agreed on which treatments require less monitoring (intranasal corticosteroid therapies [INCS]) and when treatments should be stepped down (≤3 months). Although opinions varied across respondents, some respondents considered as-needed INCS treatment and surgery to be viable treatment options. Conclusion We identified clear differences between real-world practice and treatment guidelines related to the management of AR. Furthermore, we recognized differences among physicians concerning their clinical practice in the pharmacological treatment of AR. These findings highlight the need for greater research into the management of AR and further indicate there is still a major gap between treatment guidelines and daily practice, even among specialists, suggesting a need for local guideline adaptation and implementation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Maza-Solano
- Rhinology/Skull Base Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Alexander V. Emelyanov
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ricardo LL. Dolci
- Department of Otolaryngology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel M. Miyake
- Department of Otolaryngology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Chiba Rosai Hospital, Ichihara, Japan
- Chiba University, Inage Ward, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Almousa H, Alsaad SM, Ismail D, Mahjoub S, Bin Obaid S, Alsaleh S. Allergic rhinitis guidelines knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary health care physicians: A national multicentre cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1202-1208. [PMID: 37636198 PMCID: PMC10451594 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_85_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered one of the most common reasons for patients visiting primary health care clinics. Physicians' adherence to management guidelines for AR results in better patient outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary health care practitioners (PHCPs) towards allergic rhinitis guidelines in Saudi Arabia. Methods This observational cross-sectional study conducted from August 2021 to November 2021 included 282 primary care physicians across all regions of Saudi Arabia. We used a two-part, validated, self-administered Perception Attitude and Practice of Primary Care Practitioners questionnaire. The first part was demographics, and the second part comprised three domains (perception, attitude, and practice) including 48 items. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 was used to analyze the data. Results Most of the 282 physicians were Saudis (79%). Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines were recognized by 71% of the physicians. Second-generation oral antihistamines were considered the safest drug by the majority (82%), followed by intranasal corticosteroids (75.2%). Most physicians diagnosed AR based on clinical history (95%), while (43%) utilized allergy testing. Intranasal corticosteroids were the most preferred treatment option (70%) followed by second-generation and first-generation oral antihistamines (66% and 55%, respectively). Conclusion Our study demonstrates the importance of education and awareness for PHCPs managing AR. ARIA guidelines should be implemented as a standard of care for AR, as PHCPs are the first ones to encounter patients with AR, to improve outcomes and avoid undertreatment and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Almousa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dawood Ismail
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Mahjoub
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saad Alsaleh
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Sousa‐Pinto B, Anto A, Berger M, Dramburg S, Pfaar O, Klimek L, Jutel M, Czarlewski W, Bedbrook A, Valiulis A, Agache I, Amaral R, Ansotegui IJ, Bastl K, Berger U, Bergmann KC, Bosnic‐Anticevich S, Braido F, Brussino L, Cardona V, Casale T, Canonica GW, Cecchi L, Charpin D, Chivato T, Chu DK, Cingi C, Costa EM, Cruz AA, Devillier P, Durham SR, Ebisawa M, Fiocchi A, Fokkens WJ, Gemicioğlu B, Gotua M, Guzmán M, Haahtela T, Ivancevich JC, Kuna P, Kaidashev I, Khaitov M, Kvedariene V, Larenas‐Linnemann DE, Lipworth B, Laune D, Matricardi PM, Morais‐Almeida M, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Neffen H, Nekam K, Niedoszytko M, Okamoto Y, Papadopoulos NG, Park H, Passalacqua G, Patella V, Pelosi S, Pham‐Thi N, Popov TA, Regateiro FS, Reitsma S, Rodriguez‐Gonzales M, Rosario N, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Sá‐Sousa A, Sastre J, Sheikh A, Ulrik CS, Taborda‐Barata L, Todo‐Bom A, Tomazic PV, Toppila‐Salmi S, Tripodi S, Tsiligianni I, Valovirta E, Ventura MT, Valero AA, Vieira RJ, Wallace D, Waserman S, Williams S, Yorgancioglu A, Zhang L, Zidarn M, Zuberbier J, Olze H, Antó JM, Zuberbier T, Fonseca JA, Bousquet J. Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12208. [PMID: 36434742 PMCID: PMC9673175 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital health is an umbrella term which encompasses eHealth and benefits from areas such as advanced computer sciences. eHealth includes mHealth apps, which offer the potential to redesign aspects of healthcare delivery. The capacity of apps to collect large amounts of longitudinal, real-time, real-world data enables the progression of biomedical knowledge. Apps for rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were searched for in the Google Play and Apple App stores, via an automatic market research tool recently developed using JavaScript. Over 1500 apps for allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were identified, some dealing with multimorbidity. However, only six apps for rhinitis (AirRater, AllergyMonitor, AllerSearch, Husteblume, MASK-air and Pollen App) and one for rhinosinusitis (Galenus Health) have so far published results in the scientific literature. These apps were reviewed for their validation, discovery of novel allergy phenotypes, optimisation of identifying the pollen season, novel approaches in diagnosis and management (pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy) as well as adherence to treatment. Published evidence demonstrates the potential of mobile health apps to advance in the characterisation, diagnosis and management of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto
- MEDCIDS ‐ Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of PortoPortoPortugal,RISE – Health Research NetworkUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Markus Berger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department for Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgerySection of Rhinology and AllergyUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversitätsmedizin MainzMainzGermany,Center for Rhinology and AllergologyWiesbadenGermany
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyWrocław Medical UniversityALL‐MED Medical Research InstituteWroclawPoland
| | | | - Anna Bedbrook
- MASK‐airMontpellierFrance,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and ImmunologyBerlinGermany
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health SciencesMedical Faculty of Vilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | | | - Rita Amaral
- MEDCIDS ‐ Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of PortoPortoPortugal,RISE – Health Research NetworkUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Katharina Bastl
- Department for Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Uwe Berger
- Department for Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karl C. Bergmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and ImmunologyBerlinGermany,Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich
- Quality Use of Respiratory Medicine GroupWoolcock Institute of Medical ResearchThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fulvio Braido
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of GenoaIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
| | - Luisa Brussino
- Department of Medical SciencesAllergy and Clinical Immunology UnitUniversity of Torino & Mauriziano HospitalTorinoItaly
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Allergy SectionDepartment of Internal MedicineHospital Vall d'Hebron & ARADyAL Research NetworkBarcelonaSpain
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy/immunologyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - G. Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele, Milan & Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSRozzanoItaly
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergology and Clinical ImmunologyUSL Toscana CentroPratoItaly
| | - Denis Charpin
- Clinique des bronches, allergie et sommeilHôpital NordMarseilleFrance
| | - Tomás Chivato
- School of MedicineUniversity CEU San PabloMadridSpain
| | - Derek K. Chu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Cemal Cingi
- Eskisehir Osmangazi UniversityMedical FacultyENT DepartmentEskisehirTurkey
| | - Elisio M. Costa
- UCIBIOREQUINTEFaculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing of University of Porto (Porto4Ageing)PortoPortugal
| | - Alvaro A. Cruz
- Fundaçao ProARFederal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning GroupSalvadorBahiaBrazil
| | - Philippe Devillier
- VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital FochUniversité Paris‐SaclaySuresnesFrance
| | - Stephen R. Durham
- Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and RheumatologyNHO Sagamihara National HospitalSagamiharaJapan
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Division of AllergyDepartment of Pediatric Medicine ‐ The Bambino Gesù Children's Research HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Wytske J. Fokkens
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyAmsterdam University Medical CentresAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bilun Gemicioğlu
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesIstanbul University‐CerrahpasaCerrahpasa Faculty of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Maia Gotua
- Center of Allergy and ImmunologyGeorgian Association of Allergology and Clinical ImmunologyTbilisiGeorgia
| | | | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy HospitalHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and AllergyBarlicki University HospitalMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | | | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research CenterInstitute of ImmunologyFederal Medicobiological AgencyLaboratory of Molecular ImmunologyMoscowRussia,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Violeta Kvedariene
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesDepartment of PathologyFaculty of MedicineVilnius University and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | | | - Brian Lipworth
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory ResearchCardiovascular & Diabetes MedicineMedical Research InstituteNinewells HospitalUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | | | - Paolo M. Matricardi
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- Rhinology Unit & Smell ClinicENT DepartmentHospital Clínicand Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Hugo Neffen
- Director of Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory DiseasesSanta FeArgentina
| | - Kristoff Nekam
- Hospital of the Hospitaller Brothers in BudaBudapestHungary
| | | | | | | | - Hae‐Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory DiseasesIRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San MartinoUniversity of GenoaGenovaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Patella
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine"Santa Maria della Speranza" Hospital, Battipagliaand Agency of Health ASLSalernoItaly
| | | | - Nhân Pham‐Thi
- Ecole Polytechnique PalaiseauIRBA (Institut de Recherche bio‐Médicale des Armées)BretignyFrance
| | - Ted A. Popov
- University Hospital 'Sv Ivan Rilski'SofiaBulgaria
| | - Frederico S. Regateiro
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology UnitCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de CoimbraCoimbra and Institute of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyAmsterdam University Medical CentresAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Philip W. Rouadi
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEye and Ear University HospitalBeirutLebanon,Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryDar Al Shifa HospitalSalmiyaKuwait
| | - Boleslaw Samolinski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Ana Sá‐Sousa
- MEDCIDS ‐ Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of PortoPortoPortugal,RISE – Health Research NetworkUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERESFaculty of MedicineAutonoma University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital‐HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark,Institute of Cinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Luis Taborda‐Barata
- Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centreand UBIAir ‐ Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS‐UBI Health Sciences Research CentreUniversity of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal
| | - Ana Todo‐Bom
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology UnitCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de CoimbraCoimbra and Institute of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Peter Valentin Tomazic
- Department of General ORL, H&NSMedical University of GrazENT‐University Hospital GrazGrazAustria
| | - Sanna Toppila‐Salmi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Health Planning UnitDepartment of Social MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CreteGreece and International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRGAberdeenScotland
| | - Erkka Valovirta
- Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Turku and Terveystalo Allergy ClinicTurkuFinland
| | | | - Antonio A. Valero
- Pneumology and Allergy Department CIBERES and Clinical & Experimental Respiratory ImmunoallergyIDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rafael José Vieira
- MEDCIDS ‐ Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of PortoPortoPortugal,RISE – Health Research NetworkUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Dana Wallace
- Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFloridaUSA
| | - Susan Waserman
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and AllergyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Sian Williams
- International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRGLarbertScotland
| | - Arzu Yorgancioglu
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesCelal Bayar University, Faculty of MedicineManisaTurkey
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen Hospital and Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
| | - Mihaela Zidarn
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic DiseasesGolnikSlovenia,University of LjubljanaFaculty of MedicineLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Jaron Zuberbier
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Heidi Olze
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Josep M. Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthBarcelonaSpain,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and ImmunologyBerlinGermany,Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - João A. Fonseca
- MEDCIDS ‐ Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of PortoPortoPortugal,RISE – Health Research NetworkUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and ImmunologyBerlinGermany,Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,University Hospital MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Son J, Kim ES, Choi HS, Ha IH, Lee D, Lee YJ. Prescription rate and treatment patterns for allergic rhinitis from 2010 to 2018 in South Korea: a retrospective study. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:20. [PMID: 34635115 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been little investigation on how guidelines for allergic rhinitis (AR) treatment are applied in current clinical practice. We aimed to analyze prescription trends and patterns for AR treatment according to patient characteristics over a 9-year period in Korea. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patient Sample from 2010 to 2018. We analyzed 1,719,194 patients with AR as the principal diagnosis. Prescription rates of antihistamines, steroids, and other drugs; combination prescriptions; and first-choice prescriptions were analyzed. Results The prescription rate of first-generation antihistamines decreased over the years (2010: 29.13; 2018: 23.41). By contrast, the prescription rate of systemic steroids (2010: 23.60; 2018: 28.70), nasal steroids (2010: 9.70; 2018: 14.67), and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) (2010: 11.13; 2018: 26.56) increased. The prescription rate of steroids was lower in patients aged 0–5 years and ≥ 65 years than in other age groups and that of LTRAs was the highest in patients aged 0–5 years. The rate of combination prescribing antihistamines and nasal steroids increased (2010: 7.99; 2018: 12.09). The rate of first-choice prescriptions with antihistamines and nasal steroids also increased (2010: 4.72; 2018: 7.24). Conclusions The results confirmed a decrease in antihistamine prescriptions, especially with first-generation, and an increase in steroid and LTRA prescriptions in patients with AR in Korea. Regarding prescription patterns, steroids were increasingly prescribed in combination with antihistamines. However, the trend was opposite in the 0–5 years and ≥ 65 years groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12948-021-00158-5.
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