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Castillo J, Quaas AM, Kol S. LH supplementation in IVF: human nature, politics, and elephants in the room. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:609-612. [PMID: 38246921 PMCID: PMC10957814 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is present throughout the natural follicular phase. However, the debate is still not settled on whether LH is needed during ovarian stimulation in IVF. This commentary looks at the evolution of this debate, mentioning three elephants in the room that were ignored by the Pharma industry, professional organizations, and clinicians alike: 1. The different endocrinology between the long agonist and the antagonist protocols. 2. The fixed dose of the two most widely commercially available antagonist preparations, namely cetrorelix and ganirelix. 3. The fact that most research in this area uses population-based criteria, ignoring endocrine parameters. Individual genetics of the LH receptor gene may also serve to individualize LH needs during stimulation; however, the jury is still out regarding this approach. CONCLUSIONS: Individual endocrine and genetics parameters may shed meaningful light on the question of LH supplemental during ovarian stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Castillo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Instituto Bernabeu, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Shahar Kol
- IVF unit, Elisha Hospital, 12 Yair Katz Street, Haifa, Israel.
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Han QS, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Ai KL, Song JY, Sun ZG. Optimal timing of GnRH antagonist initiation in IVF-ET: a retrospective cohort study on advanced maternal age women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340230. [PMID: 38375197 PMCID: PMC10875460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have compared the effects of fixed and flexible gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocols during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). However, which GnRH-ant initiation strategy is better remains controversial. Moreover, no studies have assessed the optimal timing of GnRH-ant initiation in women of advanced maternal age (AMA). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 472 infertile women aged ≥ 35 years old undergoing their first IVF cycle from August 2015 to September 2021 at a tertiary academic medical center were recruited, of whom 136 followed fixed GnRH-ant protocol and 336 followed flexible GnRH-ant protocol. The primary outcomes measured were the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per IVF cycle and the time to live birth (TTLB) from the date of oocyte retrieval. Cox proportional models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CLBR regarding GnRH-ant timing. Results No significant difference in CLBR was found between the fixed and flexible GnRH-ant groups (27.9% vs 20.5%, p=0.105). The TTLB was also comparable between groups (10.56 vs 10.30 months, p=0.782). The Kaplan-Meier analysis for CLBR also showed comparable results between groups (P=0.351, HR=0.83; 95%CI: 0.56-1.23). After establishing a multiple Cox proportional hazard model, the fixed GnRH-ant group still had comparable CLBR with the flexible GnRH-ant group (HR=0.85; 95%CI: 0.53-1.38; P=0.518). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses also demonstrated similar results. Conclusion GnRH-ant protocols can be tailored to the needs of AMA women, and timing of GnRH-ant initiation can be adjusted flexibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Song Han
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai-Liang Ai
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Song
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Gao Sun
- Reproductive Center of Integrated Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhicheng J, Yongqian L, Peixuan W, Kai Y, Mengyu S, Wen C, Qihui L, Ying G. ErZhiTianGui Decoction alleviates age-related ovarian aging by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibiting ferroptosis. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:12. [PMID: 38200521 PMCID: PMC10777630 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ErZhiTianGui Decoction (EZTG) for age-related ovarian aging in mice. METHODS This study used naturally aging mice as a model, and EZTG was used for intragastric administration. Ovarian pathological changes, as well as follicular reserve were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and serum hormone levels (anti-mullerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and lipid peroxidation markers glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels in ovaries were determined using flow cytometry. The levels of PINK1 and Parkin were observed using immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) and mitochondrial morphology were observed using electron microscopy. Prussian blue staining was used to observe iron ion aggregation in ovarian tissue. The Iron assay kits detected total iron levels. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial and ferroptosis related genes. RESULTS After EZTG treatment, aged mice showed increased ovarian reserve, improved serum hormone levels, increased MMP, GSH levels, and decreased mitochondrial ROS, 8-OHdG, and MDA levels. Immunofluorescence staining showed decreased levels of PINK1 and Parkin, and the same trend was observed for the Western blot. Meanwhile, electron microscopy showed that EZTG improved the mitochondrial morphology in the ovaries of aged mice. EZTG also decreased the total iron and protein levels of Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family4 (ACSL4) and increased the protein level of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the ovaries of aged mice. CONCLUSIONS EZTG can maintain PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis, reduce the lipid peroxidation caused by the accumulation of ROS, and inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis and delaying ovarian aging. These findings suggest that EZTG may be a promising drug for treating age-related ovarian aging in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhicheng
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Yongqian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Peixuan
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Kai
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shi Mengyu
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Wen
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Qihui
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guo Ying
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Bielfeld AP, Schwarze JE, Verpillat P, Lispi M, Fischer R, Hayward B, Chuderland D, D'Hooghe T, Krussel JS. Effectiveness of recombinant human FSH: recombinant human LH combination treatment versus recombinant human FSH alone for assisted reproductive technology in women aged 35-40 years. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 48:103725. [PMID: 38593745 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION According to real-world data, is recombinant human FSH (r-hFSH) combined with recombinant human LH (r-hLH) or r-hFSH alone more effective for women of advanced maternal age (AMA) in terms of live birth? DESIGN Non-interventional study comparing the effectiveness of r-hFSH and recombinant r-hLH (2:1 ratio) versus r-hFSH alone for ovarian stimulation during ART treatment in women aged 35-40 years, using real-world data from the Deutsches IVF-Register. RESULTS Overall clinical pregnancy (29.8%, 95% CI 28.2 to 31.6 versus 27.8%, 95% CI 26.5 to 29.2) and live birth (20.3%, 95% CI 18.7 to 21.8 versus 18.0%, 95% CI 16.6 to 19.4) rates were not significantly different between the combined r-hFSH and r-hLH group and the r-hFSH alone group (P = 0.269 and P = 0.092, respectively). Treatment effect was significantly higher for combined r-hFSH and r-hLH compared with r-hFSH alone for clinical pregnancy (33.1%, 95% CI 31.0 to 35.0 versus 28.5%, 95% CI 26.6 to 30.4; P = 0.001, not adjusted for multiplicity) and live birth (22.5%, 95% CI 20.5 to 24.2 versus 19.4%, 95% CI 17.6 to 20.9; P = 0.014, not adjusted for multiplicity) in a post-hoc analysis of women with five to 14 oocytes retrieved (used as a surrogate for normal ovarian reserve), highlighting the potential benefits of combined r-hFSH and r-hLH for ovarian stimulation in women aged 35-40 years with normal ovarian reserve. CONCLUSIONS Women of AMA with normal ovarian response benefit from treatment with combined r-hFSH and r-hLH in a 2:1 ratio versus r-hFSH alone in terms of live birth rate. The effectiveness of treatments is best assessed by RCTs; however, real-world data are valuable for examining the effectiveness of fertility treatment, especially among patient groups that are not well represented in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Bielfeld
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UniKiD Center for Reproductive Medicine (UniKiD), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Juan-Enrique Schwarze
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany.
| | - Patrice Verpillat
- Global Epidemiology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Monica Lispi
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany; PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale A. Allegri 9. 42121, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | - Brooke Hayward
- EMD Serono, One Technology Place, Rockland, Massachusetts, 02370, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dana Chuderland
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany; Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University Medical School, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jan-Steffan Krussel
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UniKiD Center for Reproductive Medicine (UniKiD), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Guner JZ, Monsivais D, Yu H, Stossi F, Johnson HL, Gibbons WE, Matzuk MM, Palmer S. Oral follicle-stimulating hormone receptor agonist affects granulosa cells differently than recombinant human FSH. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1061-1070. [PMID: 37532169 PMCID: PMC10659100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether TOP5300, a novel oral follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) allosteric agonist, elicits a different cellular response than recombinant human FSH (rh-FSH) in human granulosa cells from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. DESIGN Basic science research with a preclinical allosteric FSHR agonist. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Patients with infertility at a single academic fertility clinic were recruited under an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol. Primary granulosa cell cultures were established for 41 patients, of whom 8 had normal ovarian reserve (NOR), 17 were of advanced reproductive age (ARA), 12 had a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and 4 had a combination of diagnoses, such as ARA and PCOS. INTERVENTION(S) Primary granulosa-lutein (GL) cell cultures were treated with rh-FSH, TOP5300, or vehicle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Estradiol (E2) production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, steroid pathway gene expression of StAR and aromatase using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and FSHR membrane localization using immunofluorescence were measured in human GL cells. RESULT(S) TOP5300 consistently stimulated E2 production among patients with NOR, ARA, and PCOS. Recombinant FSH was the more potent ligand in GL cells from patients with NOR but was ineffective in cells from patients with ARA or PCOS. The lowest level of FSHR plasma membrane localization was seen in patients with ARA, although FSHR localization was more abundant in cells from patients with PCOS; the highest levels were present in cells from patients with NOR. The localization of FSHR was not affected by TOP5300 relative to rh-FSH in any patient group. TOP5300 stimulated greater expression of StAR and CYP19A1 across cells from all patients with NOR, ARA, and PCOS combined, although rh-FSH was unable to stimulate StAR and aromatase (CYP19A1) expression in cells from patients with PCOS. TOP5300-induced expression of StAR and CYP19A1 mRNA among patients with ARA and NOR was consistently lower than that observed in cells from patients with PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) TOP5300 appears to stimulate E2 production and steroidogenic gene expression from GL cells more than rh-FSH in PCOS, relative to patients with ARA and NOR. It does not appear that localization of FSHR at cell membranes is a limiting step for TOP5300 or rh-FSH stimulation of steroidogenic gene expression and E2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Z Guner
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
| | - Henry Yu
- CanWell Pharma, Wellesley, Massachusetts
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Integrated Microscopy Core and GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hannah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Integrated Microscopy Core and GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - William E Gibbons
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital Family Fertility Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Palmer
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas.
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Matorras R, Aspichueta F, Prieto B, Mendoza R, Malaina I, Corral B, Crisol L, Vendrell A, Exposito A. Comparison of the Administration of 150 or 75 IU of Recombinant LH in Agonist ICSI Cycles Stimulated with Recombinant FSH in Women Aged 35-39: A Comparative Study. J Reprod Infertil 2023; 24:269-278. [PMID: 38164428 PMCID: PMC10757692 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v24i4.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to assess whether the coadministration of 150 IU of recombinant LH instead of 75 IU in women aged 35-39 improves the results in agonist ICSI cycles stimulated with 300 IU of recombinant FSH. Methods In this study, two ovarian stimulation protocols coexisted which were identical except in the administered dose of recombinant LH, for which some patients received 150 IU (n=231) and some received 75 IU (n=216). Both groups received 300 IU of recombinant FSH. Gonadotropins were reimbursed by the National Health System. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test, χ2, and ANCOVA. Significance level was established at p=0.05. Results The number of retrieved oocytes was slightly higher in the 300/150 group (9.06±5.53 vs. 8.61±5.11), but the differences were not significant. Results were similar with the number of metaphase II oocytes (7.18±4.86 vs. 6.72±4.72) and the number of fertilized oocytes (4.64±3.2 vs. 4.23±2.72). The per-transfer clinical pregnancy rates exhibited close similarity between both groups (32.84% vs. 32.46%), as did the per-transfer live birth rates (29.90% vs. 30.37%) and the implantation rate. The rate of hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) as well as the rate of cancellation due to OHHS risk was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the miscarriage rate. When results were expressed by per started cycle or by oocyte pick-up, the results remained very similar in both groups. Conclusion In women aged 35-39 undergoing ovarian stimulation with recombinant FSH in agonist cycles, the coadministration of 75 or 150 UI of recombinant LH did not influence pregnancy rates. However, a slight increase in the number of retrieved oocytes should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Matorras
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Bilbao, Leioa, Spain
| | - Fermin Aspichueta
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Begoña Prieto
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Bilbao, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosario Mendoza
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Iker Malaina
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Blanca Corral
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Lorena Crisol
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Exposito
- Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
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7
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Ip PNP, Mak JSM, Law TSM, Ng K, Chung JPW. A reappraisal of ovarian stimulation strategies used in assisted reproductive technology. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:824-844. [PMID: 37980170 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2261627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian stimulation is a fundamental step in assisted reproductive technology (ART) with the intention of inducing ovarian follicle development prior to timed intercourse or intra-uterine insemination and facilitating the retrieval of multiple oocytes during a single in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. The basis of ovarian stimulation includes the administration of exogenous gonadotropins, with or without pre-treatment with oral hormonal therapy. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist is given in addition to the gonadotropins to prevent a premature rise of endogenous luteinizing hormone that would in turn lead to premature ovulation. With the advancement in technology, various stimulation protocols have been devised to cater for different patient needs. However, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and its serious complications may occur following ovarian stimulation. It is also evident that suboptimal ovarian stimulation strategies may have a negative impact on oogenesis, embryo quality, endometrial receptivity, and reproductive outcomes over recent years. This review describes the various forms of pre-treatment for ovarian stimulation and stimulation protocols, and aims to provide clinicians with the latest available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia N P Ip
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jennifer S M Mak
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tracy S M Law
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen Ng
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline P W Chung
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Sciorio R, Cariati F, Fleming S, Alviggi C. Exploring the Impact of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation and Non-Invasive Oocyte Assessment in ART Treatments. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1989. [PMID: 37895371 PMCID: PMC10608727 DOI: 10.3390/life13101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive and noninvasive features are normally applied to select developmentally competent oocytes and embryos that can increase the take-home baby rates in assisted reproductive technology. The noninvasive approach mainly applied to determine oocyte and embryo competence has been, since the early days of IVF, the morphological evaluation of the mature cumulus-oocyte complex at the time of pickup, first polar body, zona pellucida thickness, perivitelline space and cytoplasm appearance. Morphological evaluation of oocyte quality is one of the options used to predict successful fertilization, early embryo development, uterine implantation and the capacity of an embryo to generate a healthy pregnancy to term. Thus, this paper aims to provide an analytical revision of the current literature relating to the correlation between ovarian stimulation procedures and oocyte/embryo quality. In detail, several aspects of oocyte quality such as morphological features, oocyte competence and its surrounding environment will be discussed. In addition, the main noninvasive features as well as novel approaches to biomechanical parameters of oocytes that might be correlated with the competence of embryos to produce a healthy pregnancy and live birth will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Cariati
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Steven Fleming
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology Institute (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
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9
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Bielfeld AP, Schwarze JE, Verpillat P, Lispi M, Fischer R, Hayward B, Chuderland D, D'Hooghe T, Krussel JS. Effectiveness of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH): recombinant human luteinizing hormone versus r-hFSH alone in assisted reproductive technology treatment cycles among women aged 35-40 years: A German database study. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 89:102350. [PMID: 37320996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This non-interventional study compared the effectiveness of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) and recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hLH) (2:1 ratio) versus r-hFSH alone for ovarian stimulation (OS) during assisted reproductive technology treatment in women aged 35-40 years, using real-world data from the Deutsches IVF-Register (D·I·R). Numerically higher clinical pregnancy (29.8% [95% CI 28.2, 31.6] vs. 27.8% [26.5, 29.2]) and live birth (20.3% [18.7, 21.8] vs. 18.0% [16.6, 19.4]) rates were observed with r-hFSH:r-hLH versus r-hFSH alone. The treatment effect was consistently higher for r-hFSH:r-hLH compared with r-hFSH alone in terms of clinical pregnancy (relative risk [RR] 1.16 [1.05, 1.26]) and live birth (RR 1.16 [1.02, 1.31]) in a post-hoc analysis of women with 5-14 oocytes retrieved (used as a surrogate for normal ovarian reserve), highlighting the potential benefits of r-hFSH:r-hLH for OS in women aged 35-40 years with normal ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Bielfeld
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UniKiD Center for Reproductive Medicine (UniKiD), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - J E Schwarze
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany.
| | - P Verpillat
- Global Epidemiology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany.
| | - M Lispi
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany; PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale A. Allegri 9. 42121, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
| | - R Fischer
- Fertility Centre Hamburg, 20095, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - B Hayward
- EMD Serono, One Technology Place, Rockland, MA 02370, USA, and affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - D Chuderland
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany.
| | - T D'Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany; Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis & Reproductive Medicine, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University Medical School, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - J S Krussel
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, UniKiD Center for Reproductive Medicine (UniKiD), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Vaiarelli A, Zacà C, Spadoni V, Cimadomo D, Conforti A, Alviggi C, Palermo R, Bulletti C, De Santis L, Pisaturo V, Vigiliano V, Scaravelli G, Ubaldi FM, Borini A. Clinical and laboratory key performance indicators in IVF: A consensus between the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) and the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR). J Assist Reprod Genet 2023:10.1007/s10815-023-02792-1. [PMID: 37093443 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infertility is increasing worldwide, and many couples seek IVF. Clinical management and laboratory work are fundamental in the IVF journey. Therefore, the definition of reliable key performance indicators (KPIs) based on clinical and laboratory parameters, is essential for internal quality control (IQC). Laboratory performance indicators have been identified and a first attempt to also determine clinical ones has been recently published. However, more detailed indicators are required. METHODS An Italian group of experts in Reproductive Medicine from both public and private clinics on behalf of SIFES-MR and SIERR was established to define IVF indicators to monitor clinical performance. RESULTS The working group built a consensus on a list of KPIs, performance indicators (PIs) and recommendation indicators (RIs). When deemed necessary, the reference population was stratified by woman age, response to ovarian stimulation and adoption of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). Each indicator was scored with a value from 1 to 5 and a weighted average formula - considering all the suggested parameters-was defined. This formula generates a center performance score, indicating low, average, good, or excellent performance. CONCLUSION This study is intended to provide KPIs, PIs and RIs that encompass several essential aspects of a modern IVF clinic, including quality control and constant monitoring of clinical and embryological features. These indicators could be used to assess the quality of each center with the aim of improving efficacy and efficiency in IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vaiarelli
- GeneraLife IVF, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. De Notaris, 2B, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Danilo Cimadomo
- GeneraLife IVF, Clinica Valle Giulia, Via G. De Notaris, 2B, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Palermo
- Unità Di Procreazione Medicalmente Assistita, Centro A.M.B.R.A., Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Bulletti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Scientific Partner of Incintas Therapeutics, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lucia De Santis
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Pisaturo
- Fondazione IRCCS, Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vigiliano
- ART Italian National Register, National Center for Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion, National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Scaravelli
- ART Italian National Register, National Center for Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion, National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
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11
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Hua L, Wang C. Recombinant-luteinzing hormone supplementation in women during IVF/ICSI cycles with GNRH-antagonist protocol: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 283:43-48. [PMID: 36764035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine the beneficial effect of recombinant-luteinizing Hormone (r-LH) addition in women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol and whether an optimal time of Recombinant-Luteinizing Hormone (r-LH) supplementation exist during the controlled of stimulation (COS). The primary outcomes are clinical Pregnancy rate and the number of oocytes retrieved. Secondary outcomes are the number of metaphase II oocytes, miscarriage rate and live birth rate. Results show that supplementation of LH generated a greater number of oocytes retrieved than patients who did not receive LH supplementation, but it did not help with other pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, the result of the subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference in the outcomes with different LH addition times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hua
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, People's Republic of China.
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Manna C, Barbagallo F, Sagnella F, Farrag A, Calogero AE. Assisted Reproductive Technology without Embryo Discarding or Freezing in Women ≥40 Years: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Center in Italy. J Clin Med 2023; 12. [PMID: 36675433 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The protocols commonly used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) consist of long-term embryo culture up to the blastocyst stage after the insemination of all mature oocytes, the freezing of all the embryos produced, and their subsequent transfer one by one. These practices, along with preimplantation genetic testing, although developed to improve the live birth rate (LBR) and reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies, are drawing attention to the possible increase in obstetric and perinatal risks, and adverse epigenetic consequences in offspring. Furthermore, ethical-legal concerns are growing regarding the increase in cryopreservation and storage of frozen embryos. In an attempt to reduce the risk associated with prolonged embryo culture and avoid embryo storage, we have chosen to inseminate a limited number of oocytes not exceeding the number of embryos to be transferred, after two days or less of culture. We retrospectively analyzed 245 ICSI cycles performed in 184 infertile couples with a female partner aged ≥40 from January 2016 to July 2021. The results showed a fertilization rate of 95.7%, a miscarriage rate of 48.9%, and a LBR of 10% with twin pregnancies of 16.7%. The cumulative LBR in our group of couples was 13%. No embryos were frozen. In conclusion, these results suggest that oocyte selection and embryo transfer at the cleaving stage constitute a practice that has a LBR comparable to that of the more commonly used protocols in older women who have reduced ovarian reserve.
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13
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Vaiarelli A, Cimadomo D, Scarafia C, Innocenti F, Amendola MG, Fabozzi G, Casarini L, Conforti A, Alviggi C, Gennarelli G, Benedetto C, Guido M, Borini A, Rienzi L, Ubaldi FM. Metaphase-II oocyte competence is unlinked to the gonadotrophins used for ovarian stimulation: a matched case-control study in women of advanced maternal age. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:169-177. [PMID: 36586005 PMCID: PMC9840736 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An impact of different gonadotrophins selection for ovarian stimulation (OS) on oocyte competence has yet to be defined. In this study, we asked whether an association exists between OS protocol and euploid blastocyst rate (EBR) per metaphase-II (MII) oocytes. METHODS Cycles of first preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies conducted by women ≥ 35 years old with their own metaphase-II oocytes inseminated in the absence of severe male factor (years 2014-2018) were clustered based on whether recombinant FSH (rec-FSH) or human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) was used for OS, then matched for the number of fresh inseminated eggs. Four groups were outlined: rec-FSH (N = 57), rec-FSH plus rec-LH (N = 55), rec-FSH plus HMG (N = 112), and HMG-only (N = 127). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, continuous blastocyst culture, comprehensive chromosome testing to assess full-chromosome non-mosaic aneuploidies and vitrified-warmed euploid single embryo transfers (SETs) were performed. The primary outcome was the EBR per cohort of MII oocytes. The secondary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR) per first SETs. RESULTS Rec-FSH protocol was shorter and characterized by lower total gonadotrophin (Gn) dose. The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age showed no association between the Gn adopted for OS and EBR per cohort of MII oocytes. Similarly, no association was reported with the LBR per first SETs, even when adjusting for blastocyst quality and day of full blastulation. CONCLUSION In view of enhanced personalization in OS, clinicians shall focus on different endpoints or quantitative effects related to Gn action towards follicle recruitment, development, and atresia. Here, LH and/or hCG was administered exclusively to women with expected sub/poor response; therefore, we cannot exclude that specific Gn formulations may impact patient prognosis in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vaiarelli
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Via G. de Notaris 2B, 00197, Rome, Italy.
| | - Danilo Cimadomo
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Via G. de Notaris 2B, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Scarafia
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Via G. de Notaris 2B, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Innocenti
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Via G. de Notaris 2B, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gemma Fabozzi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Via G. de Notaris 2B, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gennarelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant'Anna Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Livet, GeneraLife IVF, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant'Anna Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guido
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life Sciences and Environment (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rienzi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, GeneraLife IVF, Via G. de Notaris 2B, 00197, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
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Koloda Y, Korsak V, Rozenson O, Anshina M, Sagamonova K, Baranov I, Yakovenko S, D'Hooghe T, Ershova A, Lispi M. Use of a recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone:recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hFSH:r-hLH) 2:1 combination for controlled ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive technology treatment: A real-world study of routine practice in the Russian Federation. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 85:134-148. [PMID: 35216907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two observational studies in the Russian Federation described patient demographics/clinical decision for treatment with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone:recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hFSH:r-hLH) 2:1 combination for ovarian stimulation (OS) during assisted reproductive technology (ART) and outcomes, respectively. The first (prospective) study enrolled 500 patients. After post-hoc regrouping to assign patients to discrete groups, 378 (75.6%) met the local Russian label for an r-hFSH:r-hLH 2:1 combination, 105 (21%) were treated according to other physician preference, and 17 (3.4%) met only the ESHRE Bologna criteria for a poor ovarian response. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was 30.4%. A total of 158/175 (90.3%) women achieving clinical pregnancy in the prospective study participated in the second (retrospective) study. The live birth rate per cycle was 25.8%. No new safety concerns were reported. These results support the use of the r-hFSH:r-hLH 2:1 combination in patients with a poor/suboptimal response to OS for ART treatment in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Koloda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Centre of Reproduction "Life Line," 121471 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladislav Korsak
- International Centre for Reproductive Medicine (ICRM), Komendantskij prospect, 197350 St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Oleg Rozenson
- Biopharma, LCC Merck, Valovaya Str. 35, Moscow-115054, Russian Federation, an affiliate of Merck KGaA.
| | - Margarita Anshina
- IVF & Reproductive Genetics Center (FertiMed), Moscow, Moscow, 3 Park Str., 8/19 and 12, Russian Federation.
| | - Karina Sagamonova
- Human Reproduction and IVF Center, Rostov-on-Don, Bodraya ulitsa, 90, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor Baranov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology named after Academician V.I.Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4, Oparina Street, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997.
| | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF Clinic, Nagornaya st. 4A, Moscow, 117186, Russian Federation; Biophysics Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, F135/002, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Anna Ershova
- Biopharma, LCC Merck, Valovaya Str. 35, Moscow-115054, Russian Federation, an affiliate of Merck KGaA.
| | - Monica Lispi
- Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, F135/002, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi n. 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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15
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Park SR, Kim SK, Kim SR, Park JR, Lim S, Hong IS. Novel roles of luteinizing hormone (LH) in tissue regeneration-associated functions in endometrial stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:605. [PMID: 35831270 PMCID: PMC9279474 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the key steroid hormone estrogen, which subsequently promotes ovarian follicular growth and development. Therefore, the administration of exogenous LH to achieve superovulation (multiple ovulations) and an LH surge is commonly used as the most effective therapeutic option in a majority of in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. However, a relatively low pregnancy rate (between 20% and 35%) is one of the most challenging aspects of LH-based infertility treatment. Furthermore, the major cause of this low pregnancy rate in LH-based infertility treatment remains unidentified. Recent studies have shown that endometrial stem cell loss or deficiency can significantly decrease tissue regeneration ability during the menstrual cycle and reduce endometrial receptivity. In this context, we postulated that the low pregnancy rates following LH-based ovarian hyperactivation may be the result of the adverse effects of consecutive exogenous LH administration on endometrial stem cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study revealed for the first time that in addition to its previously reported roles in stimulating ovarian functions through the pituitary-gonadal axis, LH brings about the extragonadal suppression of various tissue regeneration-associated functions in endometrial stem cells, such as self-renewal, migration ability, multilineage differentiation potential, and pluripotency/stemness, by inhibiting pro-survival Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, and as a consequence, it decreases the endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kwan Kim
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ran Park
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyi Lim
- grid.411653.40000 0004 0647 2885Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840 Republic of Korea
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Holt-Kentwell A, Ghosh J, Devall A, Coomarasamy A, Dhillon-Smith RK. Evaluating interventions and adjuncts to optimize pregnancy outcomes in subfertile women: an overview review. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:583-600. [PMID: 35137098 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wealth of information regarding interventions for treating subfertility. The majority of studies exploring interventions for improving conception rates also report on pregnancy outcomes. However, there is no efficient way for clinicians, researchers, funding organizations, decision-making bodies or women themselves to easily access and review the evidence for the effect of adjuvant therapies on key pregnancy outcomes in subfertile women. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim was to summarize all published systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions in the subfertile population, specifically reporting on the pregnancy outcomes of miscarriage and live birth. Furthermore, we aimed to highlight promising interventions and areas that need high-quality evidence. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and PubMed clinical queries SR filter (inception until July 2021) with a list of key words to capture all SRs specifying or reporting any miscarriage outcome. Studies were included if they were SRs of RCTs. The population was subfertile women (pregnant or trying to conceive) and any intervention (versus placebo or no treatment) was included. We adopted Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) for determining the quality of the evidence. Exclusion criteria were overview reviews, reviews that exclusively reported on women conceiving via natural conception, reviews including non-randomized study designs or reviews where miscarriage or live birth outcomes were not specified or reported. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was miscarriage, defined as pregnancy loss <24 weeks of gestation. Data were also extracted for live birth where available. We included 75 published SRs containing 121 251 participants. There were 14 classes of intervention identified: luteal phase, immunotherapy, anticoagulants, hCG, micronutrients, lifestyle, endocrine, surgical, pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-As), laboratory techniques, endometrial injury, ART protocols, other adjuncts/techniques in the ART process and complementary interventions. The interventions with at least moderate-quality evidence of benefit in reducing risk of miscarriage or improving the chance of a live birth are: intrauterine hCG at time of cleavage stage embryo transfer, but not blastocyst transfer, antioxidant therapy in males, dehydroepiandrosterone in women and embryo medium containing high hyaluronic acid. Interventions showing potential increased risk of miscarriage or reduced live birth rate are: embryo culture supernatant injection before embryo transfer in frozen cycles and PGT-A with the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review provides an overview of key pregnancy outcomes from published SRs of RCTs in subfertile women. It provides access to concisely summarized information and will help clinicians and policy makers identify knowledge gaps in the field, whilst covering a broad range of topics, to help improve pregnancy outcomes for subfertile couples. Further research is required into the following promising interventions: the dose of progesterone for luteal phase support, peripheral blood mononuclear cells for women with recurrent implantation failure, glucocorticoids in women undergoing IVF, low-molecular-weight heparin for unexplained subfertility, intrauterine hCG at the time of cleavage stage embryo or blastocyst transfer and low oxygen concentrations in embryo culture. In addition, there is a need for high-quality, well-designed RCTs in the field of reproductive surgery. Finally, further research is needed to demonstrate the integrated effects of non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayasish Ghosh
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam Devall
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Arri Coomarasamy
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rima K Dhillon-Smith
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Canosa S, Carosso AR, Mercaldo N, Ruffa A, Evangelista F, Bongioanni F, Benedetto C, Revelli A, Gennarelli G. Effect of rLH Supplementation during Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for IVF: Evidence from a Retrospective Analysis of 1470 Poor/Suboptimal/Normal Responders Receiving Either rFSH plus rLH or rFSH Alone. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061575. [PMID: 35329901 PMCID: PMC8954443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively studied a real-life population of 1470 women undergoing IVF, with poor/suboptimal/normal ovarian responsiveness to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), comparing the cumulative live birth rate (cLBR) when COS was performed using rFSH alone or rFSH + rLH in a 2:1 ratio. Overall, we observed significantly higher cLBR in the rFSH alone group than in the rFSH + rLH group (29.3% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.01). However, considering only suboptimal/poor responders (n = 309), we observed comparable cLBR (15.6% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.95) despite the fact that patients receiving rFSH + rLH had significantly higher ages and worse ovarian reserve markers. The equivalent effectiveness of rFSH + rLH and rFSH alone was further confirmed after stratification according to the number of oocytes retrieved: despite basal characteristics were still in favor of rFSH alone group, the cLBR always resulted comparable. Even subdividing patients according to the POSEIDON classification, irrespective of differences in the baseline clinical characteristics in favor of FSH alone group, the cLBR resulted comparable in all subgroups. Despite the retrospective, real-life analysis, our data suggest that rLH supplementation in COS may represent a reasonable option for patients with predictable or unexpected poor/suboptimal ovarian responsiveness to FSH, those matching the Bologna criteria for poor responsiveness, and those included in the POSEIDON classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Canosa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
- Livet, GeneraLife IVF, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Noemi Mercaldo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Ruffa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Evangelista
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
- Livet, GeneraLife IVF, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | | | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Alberto Revelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 2U, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Gennarelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant’Anna Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.C.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (F.E.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
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Di Segni N, Busnelli A, Secchi M, Cirillo F, Levi-Setti PE. Luteinizing hormone supplementation in women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism seeking fertility care: Insights from a narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907249. [PMID: 35979440 PMCID: PMC9377693 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of infertile women affected by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) or conditions mimicking it is particularly challenging. In the present narrative review, we aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the benefit (if any) of exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation in this group of patients. Available data support LH supplementation in women with organic or functional HH. On the contrary, the benefit of exogenous LH on reproductive outcomes both in advanced maternal age patients and in cases of depletion of FSH and LH levels induced by GnRH analogues has not been demonstrated. unfortunately, the inhomogeneous study populations as well as the methodological heterogeneity between studies focused on women affected by conditions mimicking HH do not allow reliable conclusions to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Di Segni
- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Fertility Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Busnelli
- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Fertility Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Secchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cirillo
- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Fertility Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti
- Division of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Fertility Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti,
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Eftekhar M, Tabibnejad N. Recombinant luteinizing hormone supplementation in assisted reproductive technology: a review of literature. Middle East Fertil Soc J 2021; 26. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-021-00083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Luteinizing hormone (LH) has the main role in ovarian function in both natural and artificial cycles. A normal LH concentration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is positively correlated to the number and quality of retrieved oocytes and resulting embryos.
Main body of the abstract
In this study, we reviewed whether rLH administration, adjunct to the ovarian stimulation regimen, could improve clinical outcomes. The literature review showed that rLH supplementation improves assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes among women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hyporesponsive women to follicle-stimulating hormone monotherapy. Besides, rLH supplementation has advantages for poor responder women 36–39 years of age. Even though the data suggested no priority regarding the LH source for improving ART outcome, women with different LH polymorphisms who did not respond similarly to ovarian stimulation may benefit from adjuvant rLH therapy.
Conclusion
rLH usage for improving ART outcome should be scrutinized via well-designed studies considering the subgroups of infertile women who benefit the most from rLH adjuvant therapy, the type of ovarian stimulation protocol to which rLH would be added, and also the exact dosage, as well as the proper timing (during or prior to a cycle).
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