1
|
Kim D, Jamrasi P, Li X, Ahn S, Sung Y, Ahn S, Kang Y, Song W. Effects of Exercise on Urinary AD7c-NTP (Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein) Levels and Cognitive Function Among Active Korean Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD230946. [PMID: 38669527 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) has been demonstrated to have high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from healthy individuals. However, it is yet unclear whether exercise can lower the level of AD7c-NTP in urine among active Korean elderly. Objective To assess the effect of exercise on AD7c-ntp levels in urine and cognitive function among active Korean elderly. Methods In total, 40 Korean elderly (≥65 years) were divided into Active Control group (CG, n = 10), Aerobic exercise group (AG, n = 18), and combined Resistance/Aerobic exercise group (RAG, n = 12). A total of 12 weeks of exercise intervention was implemented. At week 0 and 12, cognitive performance (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, Korean-Color Word Stroop test), grip strength, and body composition (muscle mass and body fat percentage) were measured. Also, a morning urine sample was obtained from each subject. The level of AD7c-NTP was measured using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, there was a significant difference of AD7c-NTP levels between RAG and CG (p = 0.026), AG and CG (p = 0.032), respectively. Furthermore, the AD7c-NTP levels in urine showed negative correlation with K-MMSE scores (r = -0.390, p = 0.013) and grip strength (r = -0.376, p = 0.017), among all participants after exercise intervention. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate urine biomarker through exercise intervention. In future stuides, participants who have low cognitive function and low activity levels need to be recruited to observe more significant 'Exercise' effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Parivash Jamrasi
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Sung
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseon Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gözüm S, Dağıstan Akgöz A. Community-Dwelling Adults' Perceived Versus Actual Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity Levels and Related Factors. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:E263-E272. [PMID: 37498516 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The difference between actual and perceived risk levels shows distorted risk perception. Unrealistic perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks and insufficient knowledge about CVD risk factors can not only hinder the adoption of a positive lifestyle change but also obstruct preventive efforts. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between perceived and actual risks, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity levels. DESIGN This descriptive study included 522 community-dwelling adults in 2 different regions of Antalya/Turkey. The actual CVD risk level of the participants was determined using the "HeartScore program," actual body weight was determined according to BMI, and actual activity levels were found using the "International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)." The perceived risks were measured with the CVD Risk and Risk Factors Perception Determination Questionnaire. CVD Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale was used to calculate the participants' level of knowledge about the risk factors. RESULTS There was no concordance between the participants' actual and perceived CVD risks. A below-average agreement was found between the participants' actual and perceived BMI levels. In terms of actual measurements, it was seen that slightly obese individuals have a realistic perception. There was a weak agreement between the actual and perceived physical activity levels of the adults. Knowledge about the CVD risk factors of adults does not affect the perception of CVD risk and BMI and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Adults have an optimistic risk perception regarding CVD risk, BMI, and physical activity levels. It may be beneficial to periodically assess actual risks to change skewed perceptions of CVD and risk factors. These findings will inform the development of tailored intervention strategies and policies for these adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Gözüm
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beaumont JD, Dalton M, Davis D, Finlayson G, Nowicky A, Russell M, Barwood MJ. No effect of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food craving, food reward and subjective appetite in females displaying mild-to-moderate binge-type behaviour. Appetite 2023; 189:106997. [PMID: 37574640 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous work suggests there may be an effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on appetite control in people at risk of overconsumption, however findings are inconsistent. This study aimed to further understand the potential eating behaviour trait-dependent effect of tDCS, specifically in those with binge-type behaviour. Seventeen females (23 ± 7 years, 25.4 ± 3.8 kg m-2) with mild-to-moderate binge eating behaviour completed two sessions of double-blind, randomised and counterbalanced anodal and sham tDCS applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 2.0 mA for 20 min. Subjective appetite visual analogue scales (VAS), the Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S), and Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) were completed pre- and post-tDCS. Participants then consumed a fixed-energy meal, followed by the VAS, FCQ-S and LFPQ. No difference between pre- and post-tDCS scores were found across fullness (p = 0.275, BF10 = 0.040), prospective consumption (p = 0.127, BF10 = 0.063), desire to eat (p = 0.247, BF10 = 0.054) or FCQ-S measures (p = 0.918, BF10 = 0.040) when comparing active and sham protocols. Only explicit liking and wanting for high-fat sweet foods were significantly different between conditions, with increased scores following active tDCS. When controlling for baseline hunger, the significant differences were removed (p = 0.138 to 0.161, BF10 = 0.810 to 1.074). The present data does not support the eating behaviour trait dependency of tDCS in a specific cohort of female participants with mild-to-moderate binge eating scores, and results align with those from individuals with healthy trait scores. This suggests participants with sub-clinical binge eating behaviour do not respond to tDCS. Future work should further explore effects in clinical and sub-clinical populations displaying susceptibility to overconsumption and weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Beaumont
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK; Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Michelle Dalton
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Danielle Davis
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JU, UK
| | - Alexander Nowicky
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Mark Russell
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Martin J Barwood
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almesbehi T, Harris L, McGarty A, Alqallaf S, Westrop S, Edwards CA, Dorling JL, Malkova D. Effects of exercise training programmes on fasting gastrointestinal appetite hormones in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2023; 182:106424. [PMID: 36565928 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the effect of exercise training on fasting gastrointestinal appetite hormones in adults living with overweight and obesity. For eligibility, only randomised controlled trials (duration ≥ four weeks) examining the effect of exercise training interventions were considered. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020218976). The searches were performed on five databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The initial search identified 13204 records. Nine studies, which include sixteen exercise interventions, met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis was calculated as the standardised mean difference (Cohen's d). Exercise training had no effect on fasting concentrations of total ghrelin (d: 1.06, 95% CI -0.38 to 2.50, P = 0.15), acylated ghrelin (d: 0.08, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.47, P = 0.68) and peptide YY (PYY) (d = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.62 to 0.31, P = 0.51) compared to the control group. Analysis of body mass index (BMI) (d: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.12, P < 0.01) and body mass (d: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.03, P = 0.03) found a significant reduction after exercise compared to controls. Overall, exercise interventions did not modify fasting concentrations of total ghrelin, acylated ghrelin, and PYY in individuals with overweight or obesity, although they reduced body mass and BMI. Thus, any upregulation of appetite and energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity participating in exercise programmes is unlikely to be related to fasting concentrations of gastrointestinal appetite hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taibah Almesbehi
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leanne Harris
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arlene McGarty
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sheikha Alqallaf
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sophie Westrop
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - James L Dorling
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dalia Malkova
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ni D, Smyth HE, Cozzolino D, Gidley MJ. Holistic approach to effects of foods, human physiology, and psychology on food intake and appetite (satiation & satiety). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3702-3712. [PMID: 36259784 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Appetite (satiation and satiety) is an essential element for the control of eating behavior, and as a consequence human nutrition, body weight, and chronic disease risk. A better understanding of appetite mechanisms is necessary to modulate eating behavior and food intake, and also provide a practical approach for weight management. Although many researchers have investigated the relationships between satiation/satiety and specific factors including human physiology, psychology, and food characteristics, limited information on the interactions between factors or comparisons between the relative importance of factors in contributing to satiation/satiety have been reported. This article reviews progress and gaps in understanding individual attributes contributing to perceived satiation/satiety, the advantages of considering multiple factors together in appetite experiments, as well as the applications of nondestructive sensing in evaluating human factors contributing to relative appetite perception. The approaches proposed position characterization of appetite (satiation and satiety) for personalized and precision nutrition in relation to human status and healthy diets. In particular, it is recommended that future studies of appetite perception recognize the inter-dependence of food type and intake, appetite (satiation and satiety), and individual status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ni
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sinha S, Haque M. Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Vascular Impediment as Consequences of Excess Processed Food Consumption. Cureus 2022; 14:e28762. [PMID: 36105908 PMCID: PMC9441778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular intake of ready-to-eat meals is related to obesity and several noninfectious illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumors. Processed foods contain high calories and are often enhanced with excess refined sugar, saturated and trans fat, Na+ andphosphate-containing taste enhancers, and preservatives. Studies showed that monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces raised echelons of oxidative stress, and excessive hepatic lipogenesis is concomitant to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, more than standard salt intake adversely affects the cardiovascular system, renal system, and central nervous system (CNS), especially the brain. Globally, excessive utilization of phosphate-containing preservatives and additives contributes unswervingly to excessive phosphate intake through food. In addition, communities and even health experts, including medical doctors, are not well-informed about the adverse effects of phosphate preservatives on human health. Dietary phosphate excess often leads to phosphate toxicity, ultimately potentiating kidney disease development. The mechanisms involved in phosphate-related adverse effects are not explainable. Study reports suggested that high blood level of phosphate causes vascular ossification through the deposition of Ca2+ and substantially alters fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hiratsu A, Thivel D, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G, Nagayama C, Kamemoto K, Siripiyavatana S, Tataka Y, Yamada Y, Miyashita M. Development of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire in Japanese: Sensitivity and reproducibility of liking and wanting for food in fasted and fed states. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Fenton JM, King JA, Hoekstra SP, Willis SA, Ogawa T, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Accentuated early postprandial satiety in people with SCI versus able-bodied controls. Appetite 2021; 167:105628. [PMID: 34389376 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), reduced fat-free mass and movement-related energy expenditure increase obesity risk. Although plausible mechanisms exist, it remains unknown whether impaired appetite regulation potentiates obesity risk in SCI. This study compared postprandial responses of appetite-related hormones, appetite perceptions and the sensitivity of appetite to covert preload energy manipulation in persons with SCI and able-bodied (AB) controls. In a counterbalanced order, 12 men with high-level SCI (≥T6 vertebrae) and 12 AB controls completed two trials, consuming covert high-energy (HE; 2513 kJ) and low-energy (LE; 1008 kJ) preloads on separate occasions. Subjective appetite perceptions were assessed at 30 min intervals following preload consumption (up to 150 min) and energy intake was determined from ad libitum test meals. Appetite-related hormone (total PYY, GLP-1 and acylated ghrelin) responses were measured in the HE trial only. Within the early postprandial phase (0-60 min), subjective ratings of fullness (d = 0.83) and satisfaction (d = 0.87) were higher (P ≤ 0.028) in the group with SCI. No group differences in PYY, GLP-1 or acylated ghrelin were detected in a fasted state or postprandially (d ≤ 0.64; p ≥ 0.053). Ad libitum energy intake was lower in the SCI group (1086 vs. 1713 kJ, respectively, d = 1.00; P = 0.020) but no effect of trial (preload) was found. These findings suggest that, following isocaloric preloads, postprandial satiety may be augmented, rather than attenuated, in people with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Fenton
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Sven P Hoekstra
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - Scott A Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Hopkins M, Duarte C, Horgan GW, Finlayson G, Stubbs RJ. Comparison of the Validity and Generalizability of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Energy Expenditure: Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e23938. [PMID: 34346890 PMCID: PMC8374660 DOI: 10.2196/23938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate solutions for the estimation of physical activity and energy expenditure at scale are needed for a range of medical and health research fields. Machine learning techniques show promise in research-grade accelerometers, and some evidence indicates that these techniques can be applied to more scalable commercial devices. Objective This study aims to test the validity and out-of-sample generalizability of algorithms for the prediction of energy expenditure in several wearables (ie, Fitbit Charge 2, ActiGraph GT3-x, SenseWear Armband Mini, and Polar H7) using two laboratory data sets comprising different activities. Methods Two laboratory studies (study 1: n=59, age 44.4 years, weight 75.7 kg; study 2: n=30, age=31.9 years, weight=70.6 kg), in which adult participants performed a sequential lab-based activity protocol consisting of resting, household, ambulatory, and nonambulatory tasks, were combined in this study. In both studies, accelerometer and physiological data were collected from the wearables alongside energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry. Three regression algorithms were used to predict metabolic equivalents (METs; ie, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks), and five classification algorithms (ie, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting, and neural networks) were used for physical activity intensity classification as sedentary, light, or moderate to vigorous. Algorithms were evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validations and out-of-sample validations. Results The root mean square error (RMSE) was lowest for gradient boosting applied to SenseWear and Polar H7 data (0.91 METs), and in the classification task, gradient boost applied to SenseWear and Polar H7 was the most accurate (85.5%). Fitbit models achieved an RMSE of 1.36 METs and 78.2% accuracy for classification. Errors tended to increase in out-of-sample validations with the SenseWear neural network achieving RMSE values of 1.22 METs in the regression tasks and the SenseWear gradient boost and random forest achieving an accuracy of 80% in classification tasks. Conclusions Algorithms trained on combined data sets demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with a tendency for superior performance of random forests and gradient boosting for most but not all wearable devices. Predictions were poorer in the between-study validations, which creates uncertainty regarding the generalizability of the tested algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi O'Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham W Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herren OM, Agurs-Collins T, Dwyer LA, Perna FM, Ferrer R. Emotion suppression, coping strategies, dietary patterns, and BMI. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101500. [PMID: 33812125 PMCID: PMC8131265 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion suppression (ES) is associated with unhealthy coping strategies, such as emotional eating. Physical activity (PA) is a healthy coping strategy that may attenuate the association between emotion suppression and emotional eating (EE). This study evaluated whether: 1) ES is associated with body mass index (BMI) through EE and/or dietary patterns, 2) PA moderates these relationships, and 3) these patterns differ by race/ethnicity and gender. METHODS Adult participants (N = 1674) of the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study completed modified versions of the Emotion Regulation, Eating in the Absence of Hunger, and International Physical Activity Questionnaires; a validated dietary assessment; and items on demographics, height, and weight. RESULTS Analyses revealed a serial mediation pathway in the full sample where greater ES was associated with higher BMI through greater EE and lower fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake (B = 0.0017, CI 95% [0.0001, 0.0042]) after controlling for age, gender, and education. Hedonic snack food (HSF) intake was not a significant mediator of the ES-BMI association. Greater PA attenuated associations of ES and EE with dietary intake and BMI. The serial pathway remained significant for non-Hispanic White women only in subgroup analyses. EE was a significant mediator among women, and PA effects were largely found among Hispanics and men. CONCLUSIONS ES was associated with higher BMI through greater EE and lower F&V, but not HSF intake. PA attenuated these associations. Differences in patterns of coping strategies may help to explain disparities in obesity-related health behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Herren
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville MD 20850
| | | | - Laura A. Dwyer
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville MD 20850
| | - Frank M. Perna
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville MD 20850
| | - Rebecca Ferrer
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville MD 20850
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira Freitas R, Santos Brant Rocha J, Ives Santos L, de Carvalho Braule Pinto AL, Rodrigues Moreira MH, Piana Santos Lima de Oliveira F, Marques MS, Souza Guerra Júnior GE, de Oliveira Silva Guerra KD, Araújo Drummond AM, Villas Boas Spelta JV, Ananias Meira Trovão C, Schmidt França D, Borges Oliveira L, Prates Caldeira A, Silveira Vasconcelos D’Angelo MF. Validity and precision of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for climacteric women using computational intelligence techniques. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245240. [PMID: 33444409 PMCID: PMC7808655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and precision of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for climacteric women using computational intelligence techniques. The instrument was applied to 873 women aged between 40 and 65 years. Considering the proposal to regroup the set of data related to the level of physical activity of climacteric women using the IPAQ, we used 2 algorithms: Kohonen and k-means, and, to evaluate the validity of these clusters, 3 indexes were used: Silhouette, PBM and Dunn. The questionnaire was tested for validity (factor analysis) and precision (Cronbach's alpha). The Random Forests technique was used to assess the importance of the variables that make up the IPAQ. To classify these variables, we used 3 algorithms: Suport Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree. The results of the tests to evaluate the clusters suggested that what is recommended for IPAQ, when applied to climacteric women, is to categorize the results into two groups. The factor analysis resulted in three factors, with factor 1 being composed of variables 3 to 6; factor 2 for variables 7 and 8; and factor 3 for variables 1 and 2. Regarding the reliability estimate, the results of the standardized Cronbach's alpha test showed values between 0.63 to 0.85, being considered acceptable for the construction of the construct. In the test of importance of the variables that make up the instrument, the results showed that variables 1 and 8 presented a lesser degree of importance and by the analysis of Accuracy, Recall, Precision and area under the ROC curve, there was no variation when the results were analyzed with all IPAQ variables but variables 1 and 8. Through this analysis, we concluded that the IPAQ, short version, has adequate measurement properties for the investigated population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josiane Santos Brant Rocha
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Suzana Marques
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorothéa Schmidt França
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lanuza Borges Oliveira
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alrashidi NA, Zafar TA, Khan I. High‐Amylose Cornstarch Variably Affects Food Intake and Body Composition of Rats When Substituted to Standard versus a Moderately High‐Fat High‐Sugar Diet. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Alrashidi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences Kuwait University P.O. Box 5969, 13060‐Safat Kuwait
| | - Tasleem A. Zafar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences Kuwait University P.O. Box 5969, 13060‐Safat Kuwait
| | - Islam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University P.O. Box 5969, 13060‐Safat Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is currently an important issue in the medical industry. However, data on HRQOL in commercial airline pilots are lacking. This study aimed to investigate HRQOL and its related factors in a sample of commercial pilots. A purposive sample of 373 participants was recruited from a Chinese Commercial Airline. The median (IQR) score for physical health, psychological health and social relationship were 64.3 (75-53.6), 62.5 (70.8-54.2) and 75 (75-58.3), respectively. The mean (SD) score for Environment was 62.2 (16). After controlling for demographics, the multiple linear regression analyses showed that physical activity, fruit intake and vegetable intake were positively correlated with HRQOL score (p < .05), while time-zone flights, smoking, alcohol drinking and being dyslipidemic showed a negative correlation with HRQOL score (p < .05). Healthcare providers should consider time-zone flights, behavioral factors and dyslipidemia when planning related health promotion and disease prevention programs for commercial pilots in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiebing Liu
- Civil Aviation Medicine Institute, Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China (Civil Aviation General Hospital), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Qiu
- Civil Aviation Medicine Institute, Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China (Civil Aviation General Hospital), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyin Zhang
- Aviation Hygiene Management Division, China Southern Airlines Company Limited, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhao Deng
- Aviation Hygiene Management Division, China Southern Airlines Company Limited, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Liang
- Aviation Hygiene Management Division, China Southern Airlines Company Limited, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Qi
- Civil Aviation Medicine Institute, Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China (Civil Aviation General Hospital), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beaulieu K, Hopkins M, Gibbons C, Oustric P, Caudwell P, Blundell J, Finlayson G. Exercise Training Reduces Reward for High-Fat Food in Adults with Overweight/Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:900-908. [PMID: 31764466 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that exercise training may facilitate weight management via improvements in homeostatic appetite control, but little is known about how exercise training affects food reward and susceptibility to overeating. METHODS This study examined changes in food reward and eating behavior traits after a supervised 12-wk exercise intervention (10.5 MJ·wk) in inactive individuals with overweight/obesity (exercisers; n = 46, 16 men/30 women; mean (SD) body mass index, 30.6 (3.8) kg·m; and mean (SD) age, 43.2 (7.5) yr) compared with nonexercising controls (n = 15; 6 men/9 women; mean (SD) body mass index, 31.4 (3.7) kg·m; and mean (SD) age, 41.4 (10.7) yr). Liking and wanting scores for high-fat relative to low-fat foods were assessed with the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire before and after consumption of an isoenergetic high-fat or high-carbohydrate lunch. Eating behavior traits were assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Binge Eating Scale. RESULTS A week-group interaction indicated that wanting scores decreased from baseline to postintervention in exercisers only (M[INCREMENT]Pre-Post = -4.1, P = 0.03, ηp = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.8 to -0.4), but there was no exercise effect on liking. There was also a week-group interaction for binge eating, which decreased in exercisers only (M[INCREMENT]Pre-Post = -1.5, P = 0.01, ηp = 0.11; 95% CI, -2.7 to -0.4). A small reduction in disinhibition was also apparent in exercisers (M[INCREMENT]Pre-Post = -0.7, P = 0.02, ηp = 0.10; 95% CI, -1.3 to -0.1). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that 12 wk of exercise training reduced wanting scores for high-fat foods and trait markers of overeating in individuals with overweight/obesity compared with nonexercising controls. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these exercise-induced changes in food reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Beaulieu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Pauline Oustric
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - John Blundell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carraça EV, Rodrigues B, Teixeira DS. A Motivational Pathway Linking Physical Activity to Body-Related Eating Cues. J Nutr Educ Behav 2020; 52:1001-1007. [PMID: 32948444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the motivational transfer between physical activity (PA) and body-related eating cues, through self-determined motivations to exercise (SDM Ex) and regulate eating (SDM Eat). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Participants completed an online inventory on PA and eating behaviors and motivations in 2017-2018. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 300 adults (71% women; 34.4 ± 10.7 years; 23.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2), recruited through Facebook and cooperating Portuguese gyms. VARIABLES MEASURED Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (independent), SDM Ex and SDM Eat (mediators), and body-related eating cues (dependent) variables assessed through validated self-reported measures. ANALYSIS Structural equation modeling and serial mediation procedures were used to test the hypothetical model. RESULTS Physical activity was positively associated with SDM Ex, which was, in turn, associated with SDM Eat, which in turn positively predicted reliance on hunger/satiety cues and (more strongly) body-food choice congruence. The path through exercise and eating motivations was the leading mediating path in the PA and body-food choice congruence association. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study lends support to the motivational transfer hypothesis between SDM Ex and SDM Eat in normal-weight adults, suggesting that more physically active individuals present higher SDM Ex and SDM Eat, and therefore, greater attentiveness to body-related eating cues and necessities. Encouraging PA might also improve individuals' eating self-regulation, especially if self-determined motivations are targeted in future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana V Carraça
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal; Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo S Teixeira
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The satiating efficiency of food has been increasingly quantified using the Satiety Quotient (SQ). The SQ integrates both the energy content of food ingested during a meal and the associated change in appetite sensations. This systematic review examines the available evidence regarding its methodological use and clinical utility. A literature search was conducted in six databases considering studies from 1900 to April 2020 that used SQ in adults, adolescents and children. All study designs were included. From the initial 495 references found, fifty-two were included. Of the studies included, thirty-three were acute studies (twenty-nine in adults and four in adolescents) and nineteen were longitudinal studies in adults. A high methodological heterogeneity in the application of the SQ was observed between studies. Five main utilisations of the SQ were identified: its association with (i) energy intake; (ii) anthropometric variables; (iii) energy expenditure/physical activity; (iv) sleep quality and quantity and (v) to classify individuals by their satiety responsiveness (i.e. low and high satiety phenotypes). Altogether, the studies suggest the SQ as an interesting clinical tool regarding the satiety responsiveness to a meal and its changes in responses to weight loss in adults. The SQ might be a reliable clinical indicator in adults when it comes to both obesity prevention and treatment. There is a need for more standardised use of the SQ in addition to further studies to investigate its validity in different contexts and populations, especially among children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Duarte C, Michalowska J, Larsen SC, Palmeira AL, Heitmann BL, Horgan GW, Stubbs RJ. A novel scaling methodology to reduce the biases associated with missing data from commercial activity monitors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235144. [PMID: 32579613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial physical activity monitors have wide utility in the assessment of physical activity in research and clinical settings, however, the removal of devices results in missing data and has the potential to bias study conclusions. This study aimed to evaluate methods to address missingness in data collected from commercial activity monitors. Methods This study utilised 1526 days of near complete data from 109 adults participating in a European weight loss maintenance study (NoHoW). We conducted simulation experiments to test a novel scaling methodology (NoHoW method) and alternative imputation strategies (overall/individual mean imputation, overall/individual multiple imputation, Kalman imputation and random forest imputation). Methods were compared for hourly, daily and 14-day physical activity estimates for steps, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and time in physical activity categories. In a second simulation study, individual multiple imputation, Kalman imputation and the NoHoW method were tested at different positions and quantities of missingness. Equivalence testing and root mean squared error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the ability of each of the strategies relative to the true data. Results The NoHoW method, Kalman imputation and multiple imputation methods remained statistically equivalent (p<0.05) for all physical activity metrics at the 14-day level. In the second simulation study, RMSE tended to increase with increased missingness. Multiple imputation showed the smallest RMSE for Steps and TDEE at lower levels of missingness (<19%) and the Kalman and NoHoW methods were generally superior for imputing time in physical activity categories. Conclusion Individual centred imputation approaches (NoHoW method, Kalman imputation and individual Multiple imputation) offer an effective means to reduce the biases associated with missing data from activity monitors and maximise data retention.
Collapse
|
19
|
Beaulieu K, Oustric P, Finlayson G. The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies. Curr Obes Rep 2020; 9:63-80. [PMID: 32297126 PMCID: PMC7261263 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-020-00372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review brings together current evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies to inform public debate on the impact of physical activity and exercise on food reward. RECENT FINDINGS Low levels of physical activity are associated with higher liking and wanting for high-energy food. Acute bouts of exercise tend to reduce behavioral indices of reward for high-energy food in inactive individuals. A dissociation in liking (increase) and wanting (decrease) may occur during chronic exercise training associated with loss of body fat. Habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower liking and wanting for high-fat food, and higher liking for low-fat food. Food reward does not counteract the benefit of increasing physical activity levels for obesity management. Exercise training appears to be accompanied by positive changes in food preferences in line with an overall improvement in appetite control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Pauline Oustric
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez-González MÁ, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:305-320. [PMID: 32235875 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The specific metabolic contribution of consuming different energy-yielding macronutrients (namely, carbohydrates, protein and lipids) to obesity is a matter of active debate. In this Review, we summarize the current research concerning associations between the intake of different macronutrients and weight gain and adiposity. We discuss insights into possible differential mechanistic pathways where macronutrients might act on either appetite or adipogenesis to cause weight gain. We also explore the role of dietary macronutrient distribution on thermogenesis or energy expenditure for weight loss and maintenance. On the basis of the data discussed, we describe a novel way to manage excessive body weight; namely, prescribing personalized diets with different macronutrient compositions according to the individual's genotype and/or enterotype. In this context, the interplay of macronutrient consumption with obesity incidence involves mechanisms that affect appetite, thermogenesis and metabolism, and the outcomes of these mechanisms are altered by an individual's genotype and microbiota. Indeed, the interactions of the genetic make-up and/or microbiota features of a person with specific macronutrient intakes or dietary pattern consumption help to explain individualized responses to macronutrients and food patterns, which might represent key factors for comprehensive precision nutrition recommendations and personalized obesity management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain.
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José María Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, Campus of International Excellence, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oustric P, Thivel D, Dalton M, Beaulieu K, Gibbons C, Hopkins M, Blundell J, Finlayson G. Measuring food preference and reward: Application and cross-cultural adaptation of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire in human experimental research. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Drehmer E, Navarro-Moreno MÁ, Carrera S, Villar VM, Moreno ML. Oxygenic metabolism in nutritional obesity induced by olive oil. The influence of vitamin C. Food Funct 2019; 10:3567-3580. [PMID: 31157805 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical and sociological problem of great importance due to the high percentage of people affected and the important health consequences that it involves. Most cases of obesity are related to an inadequate diet, rich in fats, which could lead to changes in the patient's oxygenic metabolism. That is why this study has been proposed to evaluate how some aspects of oxygenic metabolism are affected in a nutritional experimental model, with a controlled hyperlipidic liquid diet based on olive oil, and the effect of the antioxidant vitamin C on these conditions. Wistar rats were divided into four groups which received a control and hyperlipidic liquid diet for 30 days, with or without a vitamin C supplement (CO, COC, HO and HOC). First of all the body and fat tissue development was measured in the four groups. Our results showed that the excessive intake of nutritional and healthy fat such as olive oil did not prevent the appearance of obesity and the supplementation with vitamin C did not have a protective effect on body and fat development. The study of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in total liver, liver cytosol, abdominal white fat, brown fat and blood cells showed that vitamin C could have different selectivities and affinities for different enzymes and compartments/tissues of the body. Finally, the effect of vitamin C on various metabolic parameters (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, LDH, ATP, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) provided positive protection against oxidative stress especially under hyperlipidic conditions. All things considered, the present study concludes that vitamin C treatment could protect Wistar rats from the oxidative stress impairment induced by obesity generated by an excessive intake of fats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fillon A, Masurier J, Pereira B, Miguet M, Mathieu ME, Drapeau V, Tremblay A, Boirie Y, Thivel D. Usefulness of the satiety quotient in a clinical pediatric obesity context. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:930-937. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
O’Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Hopkins M, Gibbons C, Larsen SC, Palmeira AL, Heitmann BL, Horgan GW, Finlayson G, Stubbs RJ. The validity of two widely used commercial and research-grade activity monitors, during resting, household and activity behaviours. Health Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-019-00392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWearable devices are increasingly prevalent in research environments for the estimation of energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR). The aim of this study was to validate the HR and EE estimates of the Fitbit charge 2 (FC2), and the EE estimates of the Sensewear armband mini (SWA). We recruited 59 healthy adults to participate in walking, running, cycling, sedentary and household tasks. Estimates of HR from the FC2 were compared to a HR chest strap (Polar) and EE to a stationary metabolic cart (Vyntus CPX). The SWA overestimated overall EE by 0.03 kcal/min−1 and was statistically equivalent to the criterion measure, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 29%. In contrast, the FC2 was not equivalent overall (MAPE = 44%). In household tasks, MAPE values of 93% and 83% were observed for the FC2 and SWA, respectively. The FC2 HR estimates were equivalent to the criterion measure overall. The SWA is more accurate than the commercial-grade FC2. Neither device is consistently accurate across the range of activities used in this study. The HR data obtained from the FC2 is more accurate than its EE estimates and future research may focus more on this variable.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mosińska P, Tarasiuk A, Fabisiak A, Krajewska J, Niewinna K, Bartoszek A, Binienda A, Sałaga M, Fichna J. Dietary fatty acid content influences the expression of genes involved in the lipid turnover and inflammation in mouse colon and spleen. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:899-908. [PMID: 31421543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions can improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We determined the effects of fatty acids (FAs) supplementation with medium- and long-chain saturated FAs on mouse GI motility and correlated them with the expression of genes for free FA receptors (FFAR)1-4, FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and inflammation. METHODS Forty-eight BalbC were assigned to: standard diet (STD), diet rich in medium-chain saturated FAs (COCO) and long-chain saturated FAs (HF) (7% by weight). Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) were monitored for 8-weeks. GI motility was determined by fecal pellet output (FPO) and colon bead expulsion tests. FABP4 inhibitor, BMS309403 (1mg/kg, ip) was injected to half of each group 2 days/week. mRNA expression of FABP4, (FFAR)1-4, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in colonic and splenic tissues using real-time PCR. RESULTS COCO and HF decreased FI. COCO accelerated overall GI transit (p<0.05). COCO increased the mRNA expression of FFAR2 (p<0.001) and TNFα (p<0.01); HF increased the expression of FABP4 and FFAR4 (p<0.05), and FFAR2 (p<0.001) in the colon, and decreased FFAR1 and FFAR4 (p<0.001), TNFα (p<0.01) and IL-1β (p<0.05) in splenic tissues. BMS309403 decreased the FI and delayed colonic transit in STD+BMS and COCO+BMS vs. STD (p<0.05). HF+BMS increased colonic expression of FFAR3 (p<0.01), TNFα (p<0.01), IL-6 (p<0.01), and reduced FFAR4 (p<0.05); COCO+BMS decreased TNFα (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Diversification in the dietary lipid content affected GI motility in mice and the expression of FFARs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mosińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland; Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Julia Krajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Niewinna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Adrian Bartoszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Sałaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feeney EL, Leacy L, O'Kelly M, Leacy N, Phelan A, Crowley L, Stynes E, de Casanove A, Horner K. Sweet and Umami Taste Perception Differs with Habitual Exercise in Males. Nutrients 2019; 11:E155. [PMID: 30642050 PMCID: PMC6357145 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste is influenced by several factors. However, whether habitual exercise level is associated with differences in taste perception has received little investigation. The aim of this study was to determine if habitual exercise is associated with differences in taste perception in men. Active (n = 16) and inactive (n = 14) males, between ages 18⁻55, underwent two days of sensory testing, using prototypical taste stimuli of high and low concentrations for sweet, salt, bitter, sour, umami, and carbohydrate (maltodextrin). Mean perceived intensity and hedonic ratings were recorded. Eating behaviour was assessed by the three factor eating questionnaire and food intake by EPIC food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). There were moderate to large differences between the two groups in perceived intensity for sweet taste at the high concentration and umami taste at both high and low concentrations, with active males recording a higher perceived intensity (p < 0.05 for all). The active group also recorded a greater dislike for umami low and carbohydrate low concentration (p < 0.01). Salt, bitter and sour perception did not significantly differ between the two groups. FFQ analysis showed no difference in % energy from macronutrients between the groups. Eating behaviour traits correlated with sweet taste intensity and umami taste liking, independent of activity status. Results indicated that sweet and umami taste perception differ in active compared to inactive males. Habitual exercise level should be considered in taste perception research and in product development. Whether differences in taste perception could be one factor influencing food intake and thus energy balance with habitual exercise warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Feeney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Laura Leacy
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mark O'Kelly
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Leacy
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Abbie Phelan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Leah Crowley
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Emily Stynes
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Aude de Casanove
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Katy Horner
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yabsley JL, Gunnell KE, Bryant EJ, Drapeau V, Thivel D, Adamo KB, Chaput JP. Validation of a child version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire in a Canadian sample: a psychometric tool for the evaluation of eating behaviour. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:431-43. [PMID: 30587254 DOI: 10.1017/S136898001800349X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine score validity and reliability of a child version of the twenty-one-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQ-R21) in a sample of Canadian children and adolescents and its relationship with BMI Z-score and food/taste preferences. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING School-based. PARTICIPANTS Children (n 158), sixty-three boys (mean age 11·5 (sd 1·6) years) and ninety-five girls (11·9 (sd 1·9) years). RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the CTFEQ-R21 was best represented by four factors with item 17 removed (CFFEQ-R20), representing Cognitive Restraint (CR), Cognitive Uncontrolled Eating (UE 1), External Uncontrolled Eating (UE 2) and Emotional Eating (EE), accounting for 41·2 % of the total common variance with good scale reliability. ANOVA revealed that younger children reported higher UE 1 and CR scores than older children, and boys who reported high UE 1 scores had significantly higher BMI Z-scores. Children with high UE 1 scores reported a greater preference for high-protein and -fat foods, and high-fat savoury (HFSA) and high-fat sweet (HFSW) foods. Higher preference for high-protein, -fat and -carbohydrate foods, and HFSA, HFSW and low-fat savoury foods was found in children with high UE 2 scores. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the CFFEQ-R20 can be used to measure eating behaviour traits and associations with BMI Z-score and food/taste preferences in Canadian children and adolescents. Future research is needed to examine the validity of the questionnaire in larger samples and other geographical locations, as well as the inclusion of extraneous variables such as parental eating or socio-economic status.
Collapse
|
28
|
Buckland NJ, Dalton M. Commentary: Methodological and reporting practices for laboratory studies assessing food intake using fixed and ad libitum test meals. Appetite 2018; 130:336-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Uebelhack R, Bongartz U, Tan BK, Seibt S. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover clinical investigation to evaluate the effect of IQP-VV-102 on postprandial blood glucose reduction. PharmaNutrition 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Beaulieu K, Hopkins M, Blundell J, Finlayson G. Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
31
|
Tan SL, Storm V, Reinwand DA, Wienert J, de Vries H, Lippke S. Understanding the Positive Associations of Sleep, Physical Activity, Fruit and Vegetable Intake as Predictors of Quality of Life and Subjective Health Across Age Groups: A Theory Based, Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:977. [PMID: 29967588 PMCID: PMC6016042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increase in unhealthy lifestyles and associated health risks, the promotion of healthy lifestyles to improve the prevention of non-communicable diseases is imperative. Thus, research aiming to identify strategies to modify health behaviors has been encouraged. Little is known about addressing multiple health behaviors across age groups (i.e., young, middle-aged, and older adults) and the underlying mechanisms. The theoretical framework of this study is Compensatory Carry-Over Action Model which postulates that different health behaviors (i.e., physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake) are interrelated, and they are driven by underlying mechanisms (more details in the main text). Additionally, restful sleep as one of the main indicators of good sleep quality has been suggested as a mechanism that relates to other health behaviors and well-being, and should therefore also be investigated within this study. The present study aims to identify the interrelations of restful sleep, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and their associations with sleep quality as well as overall quality of life and subjective health in different age groups. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Germany and the Netherlands. 790 participants aged 20–85 years filled in the web-based baseline questionnaire about their restful sleep, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, sleep quality, quality of life, and subjective health. Descriptive analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance, path analysis, and multi-group analysis were conducted. Results: Restful sleep, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable intake were associated with increased sleep quality, which in turn was associated with increased overall quality of life and subjective health. The path analysis model fitted the data well, and there were age-group differences regarding multiple health behaviors and sleep quality, quality of life, and subjective health. Compared to young and older adults, middle-aged adults showed poorest sleep quality and overall quality of life and subjective health, which were associated with less engagement in multiple health behaviors. Conclusion: A better understanding of age-group differences in clustering of health behaviors may set the stage for designing effective customized age-specific interventions to improve health and well-being in general and clinical settings. Trial Registration: A clinical trial registration was conducted with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01909349) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01909349.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ling Tan
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Social Sciences of Sport, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Storm
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Sport Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominique A Reinwand
- Rehabilitative Gerontology, Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Wienert
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Scientific Institute of TK for Benefit and Efficiency in Health Care (WINEG), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Noel CA, Finlayson G, Dando R. Prolonged Exposure to Monosodium Glutamate in Healthy Young Adults Decreases Perceived Umami Taste and Diminishes Appetite for Savory Foods. J Nutr 2018; 148:980-988. [PMID: 29796671 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research suggests that increased consumption of sweet, salt, or fat is associated with diminished perceived taste intensity and shifted preferences for the respective stimulus. It is unknown whether a similar effect occurs with the consumption of umami. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of habitual exposure to umami stimuli on umami taste perception, hedonics, and satiety. Methods Fifty-eight healthy men (n = 16) and women (n = 42) participated in a parallel-group, randomized controlled study. The normal-weight [mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2): 21.8 ± 2.2] group of young adults (mean ± SD age: 22.7 ± 6.2 y) consumed vegetable broth daily for 4 wk. The broth for the treatment group (n = 28) was supplemented with 3.8 g monosodium glutamate (MSG), whereas the control group (n = 30) consumed a sodium-matched broth without MSG. Perceived umami taste intensity and discrimination in MSG solutions; liking, wanting, and preference of a variety of umami-rich foods; satiation and satiety from an ad libitum meal; and anthropometric measures were evaluated at baseline and at week 4. General linear models assessed the effect of treatment on change from baseline for all outcomes and tested for effect modification of sex. Results Relative to controls, increased consumption of MSG for 4 wk diminished umami taste in women (8.4 units on generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale; 95% CI: -13.8, -3.1 units; P = 0.013). The desire for and intake of savory foods decreased after MSG treatment in both sexes with an ad libitum meal (desire: -7.7 units; 95% CI: -13.7, -1.7 units; P = 0.04; intake: -36 g; 95% CI: -91, 19 g; P = 0.04). Conclusion Our results highlight that a month-long diet high in umami stimuli attenuates perceived umami taste and appetite for savory foods in a young, healthy population. Our findings contribute to the understanding of food choice, a factor in the development and maintenance of obesity, as well as the etiology of protein-related health conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney disease. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03010930.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Noel
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Dando
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rocha J, Paxman JR, Dalton CF, Hopkins M, Broom DR. An acute bout of cycling does not induce compensatory responses in pre-menopausal women not using hormonal contraceptives. Appetite 2018; 128:87-94. [PMID: 29807126 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear need to improve understanding of the effects of physical activity and exercise on appetite control. Therefore, the acute and short-term effects (three days) of a single bout of cycling on energy intake and energy expenditure were examined in women not using hormonal contraceptives. Sixteen active (n = 8) and inactive (n = 8) healthy pre-menopausal women completed a randomised crossover design study with two conditions (exercise and control). The exercise day involved cycling for 1 h (50% of maximum oxygen uptake) and resting for 2 h, whilst the control day comprised 3 h of rest. On each experimental day participants arrived at the laboratory fasted, consumed a standardised breakfast and an ad libitum pasta lunch. Food diaries and combined heart rate-accelerometer monitors were used to assess free-living food intake and energy expenditure, respectively, over the subsequent three days. There were no main effects or condition (exercise vs control) by group (active vs inactive) interaction for absolute energy intake (P > 0.05) at the ad libitum laboratory lunch meal, but there was a condition effect for relative energy intake (P = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.46) that was lower in the exercise condition (1417 ± 926 kJ vs. 2120 ± 923 kJ). Furthermore, post-breakfast satiety was higher in the active than in the inactive group (P = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.44). There were no main effects or interactions (P > 0.05) for mean daily energy intake, but both active and inactive groups consumed less energy from protein (14 ± 3% vs. 16 ± 4%, P = 0.016, ηp2 = 0.37) and more from carbohydrate (53 ± 5% vs. 49 ± 7%, P = 0.031, ηp2 = 0.31) following the exercise condition. This study suggests that an acute bout of cycling does not induce compensatory responses in active and inactive women not using hormonal contraceptives, while the stronger satiety response to the standardised breakfast meal in active individuals adds to the growing literature that physical activity helps improve the sensitivity of short-term appetite control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Rocha
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Social & Health Sciences, Abertay University, DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Jenny R Paxman
- Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - David R Broom
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, S10 2BP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Beaulieu K, Hopkins M, Long C, Blundell J, Finlayson G. High Habitual Physical Activity Improves Acute Energy Compensation in Nonobese Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:2268-2275. [PMID: 28692632 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that homeostatic satiety signaling is enhanced with higher levels of physical activity (PA), with active individuals demonstrating an improved ability to compensate for previous energy intake (EI). However, prior studies lacked objective assessment of both PA level and EI. This study examined the effect of objectively measured PA level on homeostatic (energy compensation) and hedonic (liking and wanting) responses to high-energy (HEP), low-energy (LEP), and control preloads. METHODS Thirty-four nonobese individuals were grouped by tertiles of accelerometry-measured habitual moderate-to-vigorous PA (low, LoMVPA; moderate, ModMVPA; high, HiMVPA), similar in age, sex, and body mass index. After a preliminary assessment, EI (fixed-energy breakfast and ad libitum lunch, dinner, and evening snack box meals) was determined for three probe meal days in which preloads varying in energy content (HEP, 699 kcal; LEP, 258 kcal; control, 0 kcal) were consumed before the lunch meal. Liking and wanting were assessed before and after preload consumption (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire), and appetite ratings were taken throughout the day. RESULTS Relative to control, EI at lunch was reduced to a greater extent after consumption of HEP compared with LEP in ModMVPA (P < 0.01) and HiMVPA (P = 0.01) but not LoMVPA (P = 0.59), reflecting more accurate energy compensation in HiMVPA and ModMVPA. There were no effects on cumulative EI after preload consumption of (lunch, dinner, and snack box combined). HEP led to a greater suppression of hunger, liking, and wanting compared with LEP in all MVPA tertiles. CONCLUSIONS Nonobese individuals with lower levels of measured PA were insensitive to the nutritional manipulation of the preloads, suggesting a weaker satiety response to food. This study provides objective evidence that higher habitual PA improves acute homeostatic appetite control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Beaulieu
- 1School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM; and 2School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hopkins M, Beaulieu K, Myers A, Gibbons C, Blundell JE. Mechanisms responsible for homeostatic appetite control: theoretical advances and practical implications. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2017; 12:401-415. [PMID: 30063436 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2017.1395693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic appetite control is part of a psychobiological system that has evolved to maintain an adequate supply of nutrients for growth and maintenance. The system links the physiological needs for energy with the behaviour that satisfies these needs (feeding), and is shaped by excitatory and inhibitory signals. Owing to rapid shifts in the food environment, homeostatic appetite control is not well adapted for modern-day human functioning. Areas covered: Homeostatic appetite control has two divisions. Tonic processes exert stable and enduring influences, with signals arising from bodily tissues and metabolism. Episodic processes fluctuate rapidly and are related to nutrient ingestion and the composition of foods consumed. Research in these areas incorporates potent endocrine signals that can influence behaviour. Expert commentary: The regulation of adipose tissue, and its impact on appetite (energy) homeostasis, has been heavily researched. More recently however, it has been demonstrated that fat-free mass has the potential to act as a tonic driver of food intake. A challenging issue is to determine how the post-prandial action of episodic satiety hormones and gastrointestinal mechanisms can effectively brake the metabolic drive to eat, in order to keep food intake under control and prevent a positive energy balance and fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hopkins
- a School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- b School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Anna Myers
- b School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- b School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - John E Blundell
- b School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| |
Collapse
|