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Pluta A, Rola-Łuszczak M, Hoffmann FG, Donnik I, Petropavlovskiy M, Kuźmak J. Genetic Variability of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Evidence of Dual Infection, Recombination and Quasi-Species. Pathogens 2024; 13:178. [PMID: 38392916 PMCID: PMC10893129 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the intrahost genetic variation in the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) by examining 16 BLV isolates originating from the Western Siberia-Tyumen and South Ural-Chelyabinsk regions of Russia. Our research focused on determining the genetic composition of an 804 bp fragment of the BLV env gene, encoding for the entire gp51 protein. The results provide the first indication of the quasi-species genetic nature of BLV infection and its relevance for genome-level variation. Furthermore, this is the first phylogenetic evidence for the existence of a dual infection with BLV strains belonging to different genotypes within the same host: G4 and G7. We identified eight cases of recombination between these two BLV genotypes. The detection of quasi-species with cases of dual infection and recombination indicated a higher potential of BLV for genetic variability at the intra-host level than was previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pluta
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.R.-Ł.); (J.K.)
| | - Marzena Rola-Łuszczak
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.R.-Ł.); (J.K.)
| | - Federico G. Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Irina Donnik
- Ural State Agrarian University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia;
| | - Maxim Petropavlovskiy
- Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia;
| | - Jacek Kuźmak
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.R.-Ł.); (J.K.)
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Rola-Łuszczak M, Sakhawat A, Pluta A, Ryło A, Bomba A, Bibi N, Kuźmak J. Molecular Characterization of the env Gene of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle from Pakistan with NGS-Based Evidence of Virus Heterogeneity. Pathogens 2021; 10:910. [PMID: 34358060 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the global genetic diversity of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an ongoing international research effort. Up to now BLV sequences have been classified into eleven distinct genotypes. Although BLV genotyping and molecular analysis of field isolates were reported in many countries, there is no report describing BLV genotypes present in cattle from Pakistan. In this study we examined 27 env gene sequences from BLV-infected cattle coming from four farms located in Khyber Pakhtunkwa, Gilgit Baltisan and Punjab provinces. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the classification of Pakistani sequences into genotypes G1 and G6. The alignment with the FLK-BLV sequence revealed the presence of 45 mutations, namely, seven in genotype G1 and 33 in genotype G6. Five mutations were found in both, G1 and G6 genotypes. Twelve amino acid substitutions were found in the analyzed sequences, of which only one P264S was specific for sequences from Pakistan. Furthermore, a certain degree of nucleotide heterogeneity was identified by NGS. These results highlight the need for further study on the importance of genetic variability of BLV, especially in the context of its pathogenicity and potential effect on serological detection.
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Canova R, Weber MN, Budaszewski RF, da Silva MS, Schwingel D, Canal CW, Kreutz LC. Bovine leukemia viral DNA found on human breast tissue is genetically related to the cattle virus. One Health 2021; 13:100252. [PMID: 33997236 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread in cattle and associated with B cell lymphoma. In a previous study we demonstrated that bovine leukemia viral DNA was detected in human breast tissues and significantly associated with breast cancer. Our current study aimed to determine whether BLV DNA found in humans and cattle at the same geographical region were genetically related. DNA was extracted from the breast tissue of healthy (n = 32) or cancerous women patients (n = 27) and from the blood (n = 30) of cattle naturally infected with BLV, followed by PCR-amplification and partial nucleotide sequencing of the BLV env gene. We found that the nucleotide sequence identity between BLV env gene fragments obtained from human breast tissue and cattle blood ranged from 97.8 to 99.7% and grouped into genotype 1. Thus, our results further support the hypothesis that this virus might cause a zoonotic infection.
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Suzuki A, Chapman R, Douglass N, Carulei O, van Rensburg J, Williamson AL. Phylogenetic Analysis of South African Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) Isolates. Viruses 2020; 12:E898. [PMID: 32824449 DOI: 10.3390/v12080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) causes chronic lymphoproliferative disorder and fatal lymphosarcoma in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the beef and dairy industries. BLV is endemic globally and eleven genotypes have been identified. To date, only Zambian isolates have been genotyped from Africa. Although high BLV prevalence has been reported in South Africa, there has been no molecular characterisation of South African BLV isolates. To characterise BLV isolates in South Africa for the first time, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships and compared the genetic variability of eight South African BLV isolates with BLV isolates representing the eleven known genotypes from different geographical regions worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length and partial env sequences as well as full-length gag sequences revealed that at least two genotypes, genotypes 1 (G1) and 4 (G4), are present in cattle in South Africa, which is consistent with studies from Zambia. However, our analysis revealed that the G1 South African isolate is more similar to other G1 isolates than the G1 Zambian isolates whereas, the G4 South African isolates are more divergent from other G4 isolates but closely related to the G4 Zambian isolate. Lastly, amino acid sequence alignment identified genotype-specific as well as novel amino acid substitutions in the South African isolates. The detection of two genotypes (G1 and G4) in southern Africa highlights the urgent need for disease management and the development of an efficacious vaccine against local strains.
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Abdala A, Alvarez I, Brossel H, Calvinho L, Carignano H, Franco L, Gazon H, Gillissen C, Hamaidia M, Hoyos C, Jacques JR, Joris T, Laval F, Petersen M, Porquet F, Porta N, Ruiz V, Safari R, Suárez Archilla G, Trono K, Willems L. BLV: lessons on vaccine development. Retrovirology 2019; 16:26. [PMID: 31590667 PMCID: PMC6781361 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against retroviruses is a challenge because of their ability to stably integrate into the host genome, undergo long-term latency in a proportion of infected cells and thereby escape immune response. Since clearance of the virus is almost impossible once infection is established, the primary goal is to achieve sterilizing immunity. Besides efficacy, safety is the major issue since vaccination has been associated with increased infection or reversion to pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the different issues that we faced during the development of an efficient vaccine against bovine leukemia virus (BLV). We summarize the historical failures of inactivated vaccines, the efficacy and safety of a live-attenuated vaccine and the economical constraints of further industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Abdala
- Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Hélène Brossel
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Luis Calvinho
- Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Hugo Carignano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Franco
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Hélène Gazon
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christelle Gillissen
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Hoyos
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean-Rock Jacques
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thomas Joris
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Florent Laval
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marcos Petersen
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Florent Porquet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Natalia Porta
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Karina Trono
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA-CONICET, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liege, Belgium. .,Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) of University of Liège (ULiège), B34, 1 avenue de l'Hôpital, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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Yu C, Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y. Genotyping bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle of Heilongjiang, northeastern China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:179. [PMID: 31142319 PMCID: PMC6542110 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle and leads to heavy economic losses in the husbandry industry. Heilongjiang Province, China, is rich in dairy cattle. However, its current BLV epidemiology and genotypes have still not been evaluated and confirmed. In this report, we investigated the BLV epidemiology in dairy cattle in the major regions of Heilongjiang Province via the nested PCR assay. Results A total of 730 blood samples were collected from nine different farms in six regions of Heilongjiang. The results showed that the infection rate of these regions ranged from null to 31%. With a clustering analysis of 60 published BLV env sequences, genotypes 1 and 6 were confirmed to be circulating in Heilongjiang. Importantly, a new genotype, 11, and a new subgenotype, 6E, were also identified in the Harbin and Daqing regions, respectively. An epitope analysis showed that a cluster of T-X-D-X-R-XXXX-A sequences in genotype 11 gp51 neutralizing domain 2 was unique among all currently known BLV isolates and was therefore a defining feature of this new genotype. Conclusions BLV epidemics and genotypes were initially investigated in dairy cattle of Heilongjiang. A relatively high infection rate was found in some regions of this province. A new genotype, G11, with a highly specific motif, was identified and thus added as a new member to the current BLV genotype family. This report provides an initial reference for future investigations and subsequent control of BLV transmission and spread in this region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1863-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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