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Pérez Chacón G, Fathima P, Jones M, Estcourt MJ, Gidding HF, Moore HC, Richmond PC, Snelling T. Infant Whole-Cell Versus Acellular Pertussis Vaccination in 1997 to 1999 and Risk of Childhood Hospitalization for Food-Induced Anaphylaxis: Linked Administrative Databases Cohort Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2024; 12:670-680. [PMID: 38182097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that children who had received an initial priming dose of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine, rather than acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, had a lower risk of developing IgE-mediated food allergy, the most common cause of anaphylaxis-related hospital presentations of childhood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between wP versus aP vaccination in infancy and subsequent hospital presentations for anaphylaxis. METHODS This study was preregistered under PMID 34874968. Perinatal records for a cohort of New South Wales-born children (1997-1999) receiving their first dose of pertussis-containing vaccine before age 4 months were probabilistically linked to hospital and immunization records. We used adjusted Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for anaphylaxis-coded hospitalizations. RESULTS There were 218,093 New South Wales-born children who received a first dose of wP or aP before age 4 months. Among these children, 86 experienced at least one hospitalization for food-induced anaphylaxis at age 5-15 years (range of events per patient, one to three). The person-time of follow-up was 1,476,969 years, and 665,519 years for children vaccinated with wP as a first dose (wP-1 children) and aP as a first dose (aP-1 children), respectively. The incidence rates for first hospitalization for food anaphylaxis were 3.5 (95% CI, 2.6-4.6) and 5.1 (95% CI, 3.5-7.1) per 100,000 child-years among wP-1 children and aP-1 children, respectively (aHR for wP vs aP = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.83). For first admission for venom anaphylaxis, the incidence rate was 4.9 (95% CI, 3.9-6.2) per 100,000 child-years among wP-1 children and 5.1 (95% CI, 3.5-7.1) per 100,000 child-years among aP-1 children (aHR for wP vs aP = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.53-1.60), and for all-cause anaphylaxis, the incidence rate was 10.6 (95% CI, 9.0-12.4) per 100,000 child-years among wP-1 children and 12.8 (95% CI, 10.2-15.8) per 100,000 child-years among aP-1 children (aHR for wP vs aP = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.53-1.60). CONCLUSION Vaccination with wP in infancy was associated with a lower risk of hospitalizations for food-induced anaphylaxis (and therefore severe IgE-mediated food allergy) occurring in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladymar Pérez Chacón
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health Science, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Parveen Fathima
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Health and Clinical Analytics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Health and Clinical Analytics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie J Estcourt
- Health and Clinical Analytics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather F Gidding
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Women and Babies Health Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah C Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health Science, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health Science, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; Health and Clinical Analytics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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