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Treister-Goltzman Y, Samson T, Rosenberg R, Granek-Catarivas M, Gaver A, Alperin M, Biderman A. Burnout among family medicine residents: a cross-sectional nationwide study. Isr J Health Policy Res 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 38279151 PMCID: PMC10811917 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-024-00591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to pressures typical of other medical professions, family physicians face additional challenges such as building long-term relationships with patients, dealing with patients' social problems, and working at a high level of uncertainty. We aimed to assess the rate of burnout and factors associated with it among family medicine residents throughout Israel. METHODS A cross sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Ninety family medicine residents throughout Israel completed the questionnaire. The rate of clinically significant burnout, assessed by the composite Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire score, was 14.4%. In univariate analyses several personal and professional characteristics, as well as all tested psychological characteristics, showed significant associations with burnout. However, in the multivariable logistic regression only psychological work-related characteristics (work engagement, psychological flexibility (reverse scoring), and perceived work-related stress) were significantly associated with burnout at OR (95% CI) = 0.23 (0.06-0.60), 1.31 (1.10-1.71), and 1.16 (1.05-3.749), respectively. CONCLUSION The integration of burnout prevention programs into academic courses during residency could explain the relatively low prevalence of burnout among family medicine residents in this study. Given the strong association of burnout with psychological characteristics, further investment in burnout prevention through targeted structured courses for residents should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Treister-Goltzman
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Israel, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tali Samson
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Israel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Reena Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Central District, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martine Granek-Catarivas
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Sharon-Shomron District, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Anat Gaver
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Dan-Petach Tikva District, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Mordechai Alperin
- Department of Family Medicine, The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aya Biderman
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Israel, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Underdahl L, Ditri M, Duthely LM. Physician Burnout: Evidence-Based Roadmaps to Prioritizing and Supporting Personal Wellbeing. J Healthc Leadersh 2024; 16:15-27. [PMID: 38192639 PMCID: PMC10773242 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s389245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Current literature validates the magnitude of physician burnout as a complex challenge affecting physicians, patients, and healthcare delivery that mandates science-informed intervention. Physician burnout affects both individual practitioners and patient care delivery. Interventions, defined as roadmaps, to prioritizing and supporting personal wellbeing encompass organizational, individual, and moral injury, with virtually no consensus on optimal approaches. The purpose of this conceptual review is to present evidence-based innovative insights on contributing factors, mitigation, and designing adaptive systems to combat and prevent burnout. Science-informed policy initiatives that support long-term organizational changes endorsed by both leadership and institutional stakeholders are keys to sustaining personal wellbeing and ending burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Underdahl
- College of Doctoral Studies, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Ditri
- Community Health, New Jersey Hospital Association, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lunthita M Duthely
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Ježková Petrů G, Zychová K, Drahotová K, Kuralová K, Kvasničková Stanislavská L, Pilař L. Identifying the communication of burnout syndrome on the Twitter platform from the individual, organizational, and environmental perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1236491. [PMID: 37928590 PMCID: PMC10621209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the escalating prevalence of burnout syndrome, which affects individuals across various professions and domains, is becoming increasingly imperative due to its profound impact on personal and professional aspects of employees' lives. This paper explores the intersection of burnout syndrome and human resource management, recognizing employees as the primary assets of organizations. It emphasizes the growing importance of nurturing employee well-being, care, and work-life balance from a human resource management standpoint. Employing social media analysis, this study delves into Twitter-based discourse on burnout syndrome, categorizing communication into three distinct dimensions: individual, organizational, and environmental. This innovative approach provides fresh insights into interpreting burnout syndrome discourse through big data analysis within social network analysis. The methodology deployed in this study was predicated upon the enhanced Social Media Analysis based on Hashtag Research framework and frequency, topic and visual analysis were conducted. The investigation encompasses Twitter communication from January 1st, 2019, to July 31st, 2022, comprising a dataset of 190,770 tweets. Notably, the study identifies the most frequently used hashtags related to burnout syndrome, with #stress and #mentalhealth leading the discussion, followed closely by #selfcare, #wellbeing, and #healthcare. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis unveils seven predominant topics within the discourse on burnout syndrome: organization, healthcare, communication, stress and therapy, time, symptoms, and leadership. This study underscores the evolving landscape of burnout syndrome communication and its multifaceted implications for individuals, organizations, and the broader environment, shedding light on the pressing need for proactive interventions. In organizations at all levels of management, the concept of burnout should be included in the value philosophy of organizations and should focus on organizational aspects, working hours and work-life balance for a healthier working environment and well-being of employees at all levels of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ježková Petrů
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Zychová
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Drahotová
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Kuralová
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Kvasničková Stanislavská
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ladislav Pilař
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Ridremont D, Boujut E. Burnout among French pediatric healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1901-1915. [PMID: 37218152 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2216465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were: (1) to establish the prevalence of burnout among French pediatric healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to identify the psychosocial factors that predict burnout in these healthcare workers. To achieve these objectives, a total of 99 physicians and 55 nurses from various French pediatric services completed a protocol questioning socio-demographic characteristics, the specific stress of pediatric care workers, the stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, occupational stress (JSS), coping strategies (WCC-R) and burnout (MBI). Descriptive analyses (frequencies, means, and standard deviations) were used to address objectives (1). Multiple linear regressions were performed to address objective (2). The prevalence of burnout was 48% (95% CI [40-56]). Occupational stress and stress related to working conditions were the main factors predicting emotional exhaustion. Being female, years of practice, social support-seeking and stress related to confrontation with suffering and death negatively and significantly predicted depersonalization. Being a nurse, problem-focused coping and the sense of impact of the pandemic on the daily work significantly predicted personal accomplishment. In conclusion, our study showed a high prevalence of burnout among French pediatric healthcare workers, but the impact of the pandemic on this prevalence did not seem significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Boujut
- LPPS, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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5
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Huang CLC. Underrecognition and un-dertreatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders in physicians: Determinants, challenges, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:131-140. [PMID: 37123097 PMCID: PMC10130963 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i4.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical practitioners’ duties are highly stressful and performed in a particularly challenging and competitive work environment. Stress and burnout among physicians have emerged as a worldwide public health problem in recent years. A high level of distress and burnout can lead to clinically significant behavioral health problems, such as stress-related psychiatric disorders. Mounting evidence shows that physicians have higher risks of insomnia, anxiety, and depression than the general population, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, the behavioral health problems of these vulnerable healthcare professionals are noteworthy for being underrecognized and undertreated. In this mini-review, we summarize the current progress of studies on the prevalence and determinants of distress and stress-related psychiatric disorders among phy-sicians and their healthcare-seeking behaviors. We discuss future research directions and the clinical approach that may maximize self-awareness and promote prompt and adequate treatment for clinically significant behavioral health problems of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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6
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Gilbey P, Moffat M, Sharabi-Nov A, Cohen O, Kroszynski GN, Karnieli-Miller O, Gillis R, Urkin J, Moscovici K. Burnout in Israeli medical students: a national survey. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 36690999 PMCID: PMC9870773 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional burnout is characterized by loss of enthusiasm for work, cynicism, and a low sense of personal efficacy. Burnout may adversely affect medical professionalism. Burnout is common in clinicians and varying rates have been reported in medical students. No data exist regarding the prevalence of burnout among Israeli medical students. The aims of this study were to assess the rate of burnout in Israeli medical students and to identify students who were particularly susceptible to burnout. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire design was employed, gathering data from medical students in all years of study across three medical schools. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS), translated into Hebrew. RESULTS Of the 2160 students in the participating medical schools, 966 (44.7%) completed MBI-SS and demographic questionnaires. The overall burnout rate was 50.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded that female gender, age under 25, advanced year of study, studying at a specific medical school and not being a parent are all significantly correlated with higher levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of burnout was found. The identification of young women who are not parents during advanced years of studies as being at-risk is important, in order to guide the development of burnout prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gilbey
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed, Israel.
| | - Mandy Moffat
- Centre for Medical Education, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Omri Cohen
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed, Israel
| | - Galit Neufeld Kroszynski
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Karnieli-Miller
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Gillis
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Urkin
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Khen Moscovici
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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7
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Seward MW, Marso CC, Soled DR, Briggs LG. Medicine in Motion: Addressing Physician Burnout Through Fitness, Philanthropy, and Interdisciplinary Community Building. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:462-468. [PMID: 35860365 PMCID: PMC9290178 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620983782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physician burnout is a public health crisis. Although recent studies underscore its prevalence, there are few rigorous studies examining its prevention, especially among medical students and residents. Prior interventions have centered on mindfulness techniques and flexible workload scheduling, yielding limited success. However, interventions that combine fitness with philanthropy and community building may be more effective. The purpose of this report is 2-fold: first, to provide a review of physician burnout and potential prevention mechanisms and, second, to present a case study of how Medicine in Motion (MiM) addresses these issues. MiM facilitates various athletic workouts, competitions, and other events for students and professionals in medicine, dentistry, nursing, and physical therapy to support wellness and charitable initiatives. This analysis identifies 4 barriers to physicians and those in the health care profession from participating in wellness activities: (1) insufficient awareness, (2) logistical challenges, (3) lack of purpose, and (4) absence of perceived support. To overcome these barriers, MiM provides a model toolkit for starting a grassroots movement against physician burnout that other health care institutions may emulate. Institutions should provide financial support for these wellness programs. Future research is needed to evaluate these combined exercise, philanthropic, and community building efforts.
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8
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Maunder RG, Heeney ND, Hunter JJ, Strudwick G, Jeffs LP, Ginty L, Johnstone J, Kiss A, Loftus CA, Wiesenfeld LA. Trends in burnout and psychological distress in hospital staff over 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective longitudinal survey. J Occup Med Toxicol 2022; 17:11. [PMID: 35614505 PMCID: PMC9132565 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-022-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health effects of healthcare work during the COVID-19 pandemic have been substantial, but it is not known how long they will persist. This study aimed to determine if hospital workers' burnout and psychological distress increased monotonically over 1 year, during which waves of case numbers and hospitalizations waxed and waned, or followed some other pattern. METHODS A prospective longitudinal survey was conducted at four time-points over 1 year in a cohort of 538 hospital workers and learners, which included validated measures of burnout (emotional exhaustion scale of Maslach Burnout Inventory) and psychological distress (K6). Repeated measures ANOVA tested changes over time and differences between subjects by occupational role, age and ethnic group. The direction and magnitude of changes over time were investigated by plotting rates of high scores (using cut-offs) at each time-point compared to case rates of COVID-19 in the city in which the study took place. RESULTS There were significant effects of occupational role (F = 11.2, p < .001) and age (F = 12.8, p < .001) on emotional exhaustion. The rate of high burnout was highest in nurses, followed by other healthcare professionals, other clinical staff, and lowest in non-clinical staff. Peak rates of high burnout occurred at the second or third measurement point for each occupational group, with lower rates at the fourth measurement point. Similarly to the results for emotional exhaustion, rates of high psychological distress peaked at the spring 2021 measurement point for most occupational groups and were higher in nurses than in other healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS Neither emotional exhaustion nor psychological distress was rising monotonically. Burnout and psychological distress were consistently related to occupational role and were highest in nurses. Although emotional exhaustion improved as the case rate of COVID-19 decreased, rates of high emotional exhaustion in nurses and other healthcare professionals remained higher than was typically measured in hospital-based healthcare workers prior to the pandemic. Ongoing monitoring of healthcare workers' mental health is warranted. Organizational and individual interventions to support healthcare workers continue to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Maunder
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Natalie D Heeney
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Hunter
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gillian Strudwick
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lianne P Jeffs
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leanne Ginty
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jennie Johnstone
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Department of Research Design and Biostatistics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carla A Loftus
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lesley A Wiesenfeld
- Sinai Health, Room 915, 600 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Brown MEL, Whybrow P, Kirwan G, Finn GM. Professional identity formation within longitudinal integrated clerkships: A scoping review. Med Educ 2021; 55:912-924. [PMID: 33529395 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the uptake of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) is increasing worldwide, and there are documented benefits to participation, there is a lack of conceptual evidence regarding how LICs exert many of their benefits, including their influence on the recruitment and retention of practitioners to underserved areas or specialties. Whilst career choice and professional identity development have been previously connected within medicine, what is known about the ways in which LICs influence identity remains unclear. A scoping review was conducted to explore current knowledge and map directions for future research. METHOD In 2020, the authors searched nine bibliographic databases for articles discussing identity within the context of LICs using a systematic search strategy. Two reviewers independently screened all articles against eligibility criteria and charted the data. Eligible articles were analysed by quantitative and qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS 849 articles were identified following an extensive search. 131 articles were selected for full-text review, with 27 eligible for inclusion. Over half of all articles originated from the United States or Canada, and research most frequently explored identity development from sociocultural orientations. Qualitatively, four themes were identified: (a) The importance of contextual continuities; (b) Symbiotic relationship of responsibility and identity development; (c) Becoming a competent carer; and (d) Influence of LICs on career identity. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review adds weight to the supposition that participation in LICs facilitates identity development, namely through contextual continuities and the responsibility students assume as they become co-providers of patient care. There are suggestions that LICs encourage the development of an 'ethic of caring'. As little research compares comprehensive LICs with other clerkship models, it remains difficult to say to what degree identity formation is facilitated above and beyond other models. Future comparative research, and research exploring identity formation from diverse theoretical perspectives would add depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E L Brown
- Health Professions Education Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Whybrow
- Academy for Primary Care, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Gabrielle M Finn
- Health Professions Education Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted healthcare and racial inequities. This article discusses recent literature documenting the impact of racism on early childhood development, disparities in access to developmental services and ways healthcare providers and health systems can promote physician well being during these difficult times. RECENT FINDINGS Exposure to racism begins prenatally, and early childhood experiences with racism are intimately tied to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Early intervention is key to treating children with developmental delay, but disparities exist in accessing eligibility screening and in the provision of services. Paediatric providers are at risk of developing secondary traumatic stress and burnout, which may affect the care that they provide. SUMMARY New research has led to the development of resources that help paediatric providers address racism, access developmental resources in a novel manner and protect the paediatric workforce from trauma and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna E Perdomo
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Silberholz
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
The article describes and discusses several key elements of the paediatric healthcare system in Israel, including paediatric training, family and community paediatrics, hospital-based paediatric services, preventive care services, and special programs such as the “Drop of Milk” (Tipat Halav) program. Although child care in Israel has gained several notable achievements, such as a low infant mortality rate, there are several significant challenges for the coming years. These include training of enough paediatricians and periodic updating of training programs to fulfil needs and provide an adequate preventive care from fetal life through infancy, childhood, and adulthood. In addition, paediatricians in Israel should continue to be involved in national public health programs to reduce health inequities among mothers and children and reduce health disparities among certain geographic areas and various populations. Graduates of paediatric residency are expected to be able to address the new technologies, the requirements for personal medicine and on-line medicine, and to be able to deal with both pure “medical” issues, and public health, lifestyle, and environmental issues.
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Zhang S, Wang J, Xie F, Yin D, Shi Y, Zhang M, Yin H, Li F, Yang L, Cao D, Sun T. A cross-sectional study of job burnout, psychological attachment, and the career calling of Chinese doctors. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:193. [PMID: 32164684 PMCID: PMC7068889 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-4996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among doctors, (2) establish associations with demographic factors in China, and (3) examine the mediating role of psychological attachment in the relationship between job burnout and career calling. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire in May 2016. The survey was performed across Thirty provinces. In total, A total of 3016 Chinese doctors were selected as participants, of which 2617 completed valid questionnaires (effective response rate: 86.77%). Results The overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among Chinese doctors was 85.79%. Little variance was reported for burnout symptoms according to age (Waldχ2 = 6.843, P < 0.05, OR < 1), professional title (Waldχ2 = 13.110, P < 0.05, OR > 1), and daily working hours (Waldχ2 = 7.226, P < 0.05, OR > 1). However, the burnout of Chinese doctors was found to be associated with psychological attachment (B = − 0.6433, P < 0.0001) and career calling (B = 0.3653, P < 0.0001); furthermore, psychological attachment (B = 0.2350, P < 0.001) mediated the relationship between job burnout and career calling. Conclusion Burnout symptoms among Chinese doctors were prevalent and associated with age, professional title, and long working hours. Chinese doctors aged 20–30 experienced a much higher level of burnout symptoms. The longer hours doctors worked, the more likely they were at risk of burnout symptoms, especially among attending physicians. Doctors who endured high-level burnout tended to exhibit decreasing psychological attachment, which threatened their sense of career calling. Finally, this paper proposed related explanations for the function mechanisms based on both theoretical and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu'e Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Student Grade department, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fengzhe Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Libin Yang
- Center for Higher Education Research and Teaching Quality Evaluation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Depin Cao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Chaudhuri JD. Stimulating Intrinsic Motivation in Millennial Students: A New Generation, a New Approach. Anat Sci Educ 2020; 13:250-271. [PMID: 31021529 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been a fundamental change in health care pedagogy to address the demands and challenges posed by the present generation of millennial students. There is also a growing recognition of the role of intrinsic motivation as a catalyst in a positive learning experience. The term intrinsic motivation refers to energizing behavior that comes from within an individual and develops due to an inherent interest in the activity at hand. However, stimulating intrinsic motivation in the present generation of millennial health care students is a daunting task, considering their diverse and disparate nature. In addition, the inherent generational differences between educators and students, and an increasing emphasis on technological tools have resulted in a dichotomy in the educational environment leading to the development of a greater incidence of burnouts among students. Hence, numerous innovative techniques have been introduced in health care education to enhance the levels of intrinsic motivation in these students. Unfortunately, most of these approaches have only been moderately successful due to their limited ability to address the unique educational expectations of millennial students. The cumulative evidence suggests that specific approaches to stimulate intrinsic motivation should aim at nurturing the learning efforts of students, bridging the generational barriers between educators and students, and ameliorating the stress associated with health care education. Hence, the specific aim of this narrative review is to suggest empirically proven curricular strategies and institutional reforms to enhance intrinsic motivation in health care students belonging to the Millennial Generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Dutta Chaudhuri
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Husson University, Bangor, Maine
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14
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Grossman Z, Porter B, Meyerovitch J, Rubin L, Kuint J, Wechsler E, Dushnitzky D, Ashkenazi S. International workshop on the future of community child healthcare. Isr J Health Policy Res 2019; 8:85. [PMID: 31806046 PMCID: PMC6896762 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-019-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of children with developmental, emotional, and psychosocial issues require adaptation of the services provided by pediatricians in the community. An international workshop that took place in Israel on June 3–4, 2019, addressed this need. Local policy makers and international experts discussed the following topics: (1) the future of training in community pediatrics; (2) enhancing the prestige of the community pediatrician; (3) development of management and research skills; (4) academic advancement within community pediatrics; (5) the future content of community pediatric practice; (6) visit length and community pediatricians’ reimbursement; (7) developing the collaborative model of care in community pediatrics and (8) integrating child healthcare. The meeting provided a venue to understand the challenges and to formulate recommendations to policymakers. A key target highlighted was the increased exposure of all pediatric residents to community pediatrics. This gained the support of the Chief Executive Officers of all four Health Funds in Israel. This document provides a synopsis of the topics addressed and suggested recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachi Grossman
- Pediatric clinic, Maccabi Healthcare Services, 26 Rofe Hamachtarot, 69372, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Boaz Porter
- Pediatric clinic, Maccabi Healthcare Services, 26 Rofe Hamachtarot, 69372, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Joseph Meyerovitch
- Clalit Health Services and Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lisa Rubin
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob Kuint
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,K.S.M Research and innovation Institute, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Doron Dushnitzky
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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15
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Abstract
Physician well-being is associated with benefits for physicians, patients, and health care systems. Well-being encompasses many inter-related attributes, including but not limited to resilience, fulfillment, joy in work, and burnout. Among these, burnout has been studied most widely, and has been found to be more frequent among medical trainees and professionals than in the general population. Burnout has been associated with physician depression and suicidality, which are also more frequent among physicians than the general population. The negative effects of burnout include decreased patient satisfaction, increased medical errors, and increased costs. Physician burnout has been associated with both organization-level drivers that contribute to an imbalance between resources and workload for physicians, and individual-level drivers related to resilience practices and attitudes. This paper reviews the literature on the epidemiology, drivers, and implications of physician burnout.
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Chemali Z, Ezzeddine FL, Gelaye B, Dossett ML, Salameh J, Bizri M, Dubale B, Fricchione G. Burnout among healthcare providers in the complex environment of the Middle East: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1337. [PMID: 31640650 PMCID: PMC6805482 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, increased depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment due to chronic emotional stress at work. Burnout impacts job satisfaction, job performance, vulnerability to illnesses, and interpersonal relationships. There is a gap in the systematic data on the burden of burnout among healthcare professionals from different sectors of healthcare in Middle Eastern countries. Our objective was to examine the burden of burnout among healthcare providers in the Middle East, how it was assessed, which sectors were included, and what interventions have been used. METHODS Articles were found through a systematic review of search results including PubMed, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), and PsycINFO (EBSCO) using search terms reflecting burnout in Middle Eastern countries among populations of healthcare providers. Studies were included if they examined a quantitative measure of burnout among healthcare providers in the Middle East. RESULTS There were 138 articles that met our inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Studies focused on burnout in the Middle East among physicians (N = 54 articles), nurses (N = 55), combined populations of healthcare workers (N = 22), and medical students (N = 7). The Maslach Burnout Inventory was the most common tool to measure burnout. Burnout is common among physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, with prevalence estimates predominantly ranging between 40 and 60%. Burnout among healthcare providers in the Middle East is associated with characteristics of their work environments, exposure to violence and terror, and emotional distress and low social support. CONCLUSIONS Burnout is highly prevalent among healthcare providers across countries in the Middle East. Previous studies examining burnout in this region have limitations in their methodology. More thoroughly developed epidemiologic studies of burnout are necessary. Health system strengthening is needed in a region that has endured years of ongoing conflict, and there is an urgency to design and implement programs that tackle burnout among health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Chemali
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - F. L. Ezzeddine
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - B. Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. L. Dossett
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine and, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - J. Salameh
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M. Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - B. Dubale
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - G. Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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17
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O'Connor CM. Heart Failure Physician Burnout: How Can We Help? JACC Heart Fail 2019; 7:821. [PMID: 31466675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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18
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Somekh I, Somekh E, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Somech R. The Clinician Scientist, a Distinct and Disappearing Entity. J Pediatr 2019; 212:252-253.e2. [PMID: 31439168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The recent editorial highlighting factors that may lead to burnout among the paediatric fraternity drew attention to those at most risk. They included 'intelligent, committed, single young women' more so then men and those who were 'high achievers with empathy who take the patients' problems to heart'. Yet little appears to be available to ameliorate the stresses experienced by clinicians while building their resilience and improving their understanding of the interactions between themselves and the patient/parents. Drawing on past experience, a psychologically orientated approach to clinical care is emphasised. This approach required greater knowledge of one's self together with the need to commune with like-minded colleagues. That led to a Balint-type weekly group led by a child psychiatrist where experiences were exchanged, new knowledge acquired and mutual support provided. That in turn led to further study and the acquisition of new skills, including ongoing supervision to achieve a therapeutic interview. The latter was facilitated by carefully listening to the patient/parent, recognising the hidden agenda, struggling with non-compliant parents and appreciating concepts such as transference and counter-transference as it related to the patient-doctor interaction. Such insights may help paediatricians improve their therapeutic effectiveness and increase their personal satisfaction, thus adding a bonus to the essential requirement of a knowledge-based diagnosis and management plan. Yet, only a few avenues are available to acquire such experiences, which need to be made available not only to those who recognise their importance but to all. How best to achieve these goals remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Menahem
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Abstract
Physician burnout and depression have been recognized as serious international problems and the secondary costs of poor physician mental health are substantial. Interventions to address this problem can be split into two categories: those focusing on the individual, and those addressing the work environment. Individual-focused programs often include instruction in mindfulness, nutrition, and exercise, while those in the work environment have focused largely on stressors such as administrative burden, electronic health records, and productivity pressures. The recent IJHPR article entitled “Burnout and intentions to quit the practice among community pediatricians: Associations with specific professional activities”, by Grosman et al., offers an additional path to address burnout and well-being in pediatricians through increasing of hours in more satisfying professional activities. While “satisfaction” was the metric in this study, what lay at the root of that satisfaction may be deeper and more profound. What the study does not measure is that the less-burned out physicians who felt greater satisfaction may have also felt a greater sense of meaning in their lives. Grossman et al. rightly urge health care managers to encourage diversification of the pediatrician’s job by enabling greater engagement in the identified ‘anti- burnout’ professional activities, however more can and should be done. Physicians themselves should take an active role in both the seeking of, and connection to, meaning. Burnout and frustration, understandably, may have led some doctors to possess a sense of cynicism that has obscured meaning in their lives. If physicians cannot find a path to meaning on their own, they should seek colleague partners, coaches, or therapists to assist. Physicians can advocate for programs to reduce work-force stressors, but they can also advocate for formal programs such as Healers Arts programs, Schwartz rounds, and narrative medicine programs to help reconnect to meaning in their daily clinical work. Brief courses in cognitive behavioral techniques may also help in combating problematic mindsets endemic in medicine such as negativity bias, maladaptive perfectionism, and pessimistic explanatory style. With effort, a growth mindset, and when needed, guidance and some reinforcement, these negative and toxic mindsets can diminish; they can fade, and further open physicians to the healing power of meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Slavin
- Senior Scholar for Well-Being, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, 401 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2000, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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