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Mazy D, Lu D, Leclerc S, Laor B, Wang J, Pinvicy A, Moldovan F, Nault ML. Animal models used in meniscal repair research from ex vivo to in vivo: A systematic review. J Orthop 2024; 55:23-31. [PMID: 38638113 PMCID: PMC11021913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review, registered with Prospero, aims to identify an optimal animal model for meniscus repair research, moving from ex vivo experimentation to in vivo studies. Data sources included PubMed, Medline, all Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Web of Science, and Embase searched in March 2023. Studies were screened using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Extracted data including animal model, type of experiment, type of tear, surgical techniques, and measured outcomes, were recorded, reviewed, and analyzed by four independent reviewers. The SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) Rob tool was used for critical appraisal and risk of bias assessment. Out of 11,719 studies, 72 manuscripts were included for data extraction and analysis; 41 ex vivo extra-articular studies, 20 ex vivo intra-articular studies, and only 11 in vivo studies. Six animal models were employed: porcine, bovine, lapine, caprine, canine, and ovine. Longitudinal lesions were the most frequently studied tear pattern and sutures the most common repair technique. Studied outcomes focused mainly on biomechanical assessments and gross observations. This systematic review can guide researchers in their choice of animal model for meniscus repair research; it highlighted the strengths of the porcine, caprine, and bovine models for ex vivo cadaveric studies, while the porcine and caprine models were found to be more suited to in vivo studies due to their similarities with human anatomy. Research teams should familiarize themselves with the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models before initiating protocols to improve standardization in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mazy
- CHU Sainte-Justine, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, 2900 boul. Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Daisy Lu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sebastien Leclerc
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Boaz Laor
- Faculty of Medecine, McGill university, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jessica Wang
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alix Pinvicy
- CHU Sainte-Justine, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Florina Moldovan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Marie-Lyne Nault
- CHU Sainte-Justine, 7905-3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, 2900 boul. Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- CIUSSS Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (HSCM), Department of Orthopedic surgery, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
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Rocha de Faria JL, Santos APG, Pavão DM, Radulski M, Leal AC, More ADO, Mozella ADP, Guimarães JAM, LaPrade RF, Roesler CRDM, Salim R. Continuous Vertical Inside-Out Versus Traditional Vertical Inside-Out Meniscal Repair: A Biomechanical Comparison. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209951. [PMID: 38021309 PMCID: PMC10644761 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomechanical assessment of meniscal repairs is essential for evaluating different meniscal suturing methods and techniques. The continuous meniscal suture technique is a newer method of meniscal repair that may have biomechanical differences compared with traditional techniques. Purpose To evaluate the displacement, stiffness after cyclical loading, and load to failure for a continuous vertical inside-out meniscal suture versus a traditional vertical inside-out meniscal suture in a porcine medial meniscus. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A total of 28 porcine knees were acquired and divided into 2 test groups of 14 medial meniscus each. A 2.0-cm longitudinal red-white zone cut was made in the body of the medial meniscus for each knee. The continuous suture (CS) group received 4 vertical stitches performed with a continuous vertical meniscal suture technique, and the inside-out suture (IO) group received a traditional vertical suture with 4 stitches. Two traction tapes were passed between the sutures and positioned in the biomechanical testing fixture device. Each specimen underwent load-to-failure testing at 5 mm/s, and displacement, system stiffness, and maximum load to failure were compared between the groups. Results The displacement after the cyclic test was 0.53 ± 0.12 and 0.48 ± 0.07 mm for the CS and IO groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (P = .2792). The stiffness at the ultimate load testing was 36.3 ± 1.9 and 35.3 ± 2.4 N/mm for groups CS and IO, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (P = .2557). In the load-to-failure test, the ultimate load was 218.2 ± 63.9 and 238.3 ± 71.3 N in the CS and IO groups, respectively, with no significant group differences (P = .3062). Conclusion A continuous vertical meniscal suture created a configuration for treating longitudinal meniscal lesions that was beneficial and biomechanically similar to a traditional vertical suture technique. Clinical Relevance The study findings indicate that use of the continuous vertical inside-out meniscal suture technique is a possible therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leonardo Rocha de Faria
- Knee Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine from University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Paiva Grimaldi Santos
- Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory of Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Douglas Mello Pavão
- Knee Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine from University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Radulski
- Medical School of Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Leal
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ari Digiácomo Ocampo More
- Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory of Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Medical School of Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alan de Paula Mozella
- Knee Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine from University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Robert F LaPrade
- Twin Cities Orthopaedics, Edina, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Salim
- School of Medicine from University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Okazaki Y, Furumatsu T, Hiranaka T, Zhang X, Kintaka K, Higashihara N, Tamura M, Kodama Y, Kamatsuki Y, Ozaki T. Arthroscopic Meniscal Healing following Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair: A Comparison between Two Suture Materials. J Knee Surg 2022. [PMID: 35798342 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, transtibial pullout repair of the medial meniscus (MM) posterior root tear (PRT) has become widely accepted and provides satisfactory clinical outcomes. Widening after cyclic loading or ultimate failure load using different suture materials and configurations has been studied. However, no study has compared the clinical outcomes using different suture materials. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes after performing MMPRT pullout repair using different suture materials. We hypothesized that better clinical outcomes would be achieved using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tape compared with a normal polyester suture. Thirty-seven patients who underwent MM posterior root repair between November 2019 and May 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Pullout repair was performed using a hollow no. 0 polyester suture (n = 14) and UHMWPE tape (n = 23). Clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively, using the Lysholm knee score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. The meniscal healing status was assessed using an arthroscopic scoring system (range: 0-10). All clinical scores were improved significantly in both groups. However, significantly higher meniscal healing scores and decreased VAS pain scores were observed in the UHMWPE group (7.3 ± 0.9 and 7.7 ± 11.3, respectively) than in the polyester group (5.6 ± 2.1 and 18.4 ± 18.6, respectively; p < 0.01). Suture cut-out and loss of the root continuity were observed in some cases (three cases [21.4%] in the polyester suture group and one case [4.3%] in the UHMWPE tape group). Both suture materials led to satisfactory clinical outcomes at 1 year postoperatively, whereas the UHMWPE tape was useful for obtaining good meniscal healing and decreasing the VAS pain score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Furumatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ximing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kintaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Higashihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuya Kodama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamatsuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Yamakawa S, Mae T, Ogasawara I, Hirose T, Konda S, Nakata K. Placement of sutures for inside-out meniscal repair: both sutures through meniscal tissue reduces displacement on cyclical loading. J Exp Orthop 2021; 8:94. [PMID: 34676462 PMCID: PMC8531164 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The inside-out meniscal repair is widely performed to preserve the function of meniscus. In this technique, the outer suture is passed through the capsule as well as the outer meniscus, while the inner suture is inserted into the meniscus. The aim of this study was to biomechanically compare the suture stability between meniscus-meniscus and meniscus-capsule suture methods for the longitudinal meniscal tear with inside-out technique. Methods Twenty-seven porcine knees were dissected to maintain the femur-medial capsule/meniscus-tibia complex, and the inner meniscus was cut off along the meniscus circumferential fiber with 3 mm width of the peripheral meniscus preserved. After one needle with a 2-0 polyester suture was inserted into the inner portion of the meniscus, the other needle was inserted through 1) the peripheral meniscus (Group A), 2) capsule just above the meniscus (Group B), and 3) capsule at 10 mm apart from the meniscus-capsule junction (Group C) in the inside-out manner. Then, the suture was manually tied on the capsule. The suture gap at the repair site during 300 times of cyclic loading and the ultimate failure load in the load-to-failure test were measured. The statistical significance of the data between two groups in each combination was considered by Bonferroni correction, following a one-way analysis of variance. Results In the cyclic loading test, the suture gap was 0.68 ± 0.26 mm in Group A, 1.08 ± 0.36 mm in Group B, and 1.94 ± 0.57 mm in Group C with a significant difference. In the load-to-failure test, the ultimate failure load was 59.1 ± 13.6 N in Group A, 60.0 ± 7.9 N in Group B, and 57.4 ± 4.7 N in Group C, and there was no significant difference. Conclusion The stitching region in the inside-out technique for longitudinal meniscal tear affected the stability of the tear site, and stitching the mid-substance region of the meniscus provides good stability in response to cyclic tensile loading. In addition, the stitching region did not affect the ultimate failure load. Clinical relevance In the inside-out meniscal repair, the outer suture should be inserted into the remaining peripheral meniscus or the capsule near the meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamakawa
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Issei Ogasawara
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehito Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Konda
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Debieux P, Jimenez AE, Novaretti JV, Kaleka CC, Kriscenski DE, Astur DC, Obopilwe E, Tamburini LM, Muench LN, Cote MP, Cohen M, Coyner KJ. Medial meniscal extrusion greater than 4 mm reduces medial tibiofemoral compartment contact area: a biomechanical analysis of tibiofemoral contact area and pressures with varying amounts of meniscal extrusion. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:3124-3132. [PMID: 33221933 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the contact areas, contact pressures, and peak pressures in the medial compartment of the knee in six sequential testing conditions. The secondary objective is to establish how much the medial meniscus is able to extrude, secondary to soft tissue injury while keeping its roots intact. METHODS Ten cadaveric knees were dissected and tested in six conditions: (1) intact meniscus, (2) 2 mm extrusion, (3) 3 mm extrusion, (4) 4 mm extrusion, (5) maximum extrusion, (6) capsular based meniscal repair. Knees were loaded with a 1000-N axial compressive force at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° for each condition. Medial compartment contact area, average contact pressure, and peak contact pressure data were recorded. RESULTS When compared to the intact state, there was no statistically significant difference in medial compartment contact area at 2 mm of extrusion or 3 mm of extrusion (n.s.). There was a statistically significant decrease in contact area compared to the intact state at 4 mm (p = 0.015) and maximum extrusion (p < 0.001). The repair state was able to improve medial compartment contact area, and there was no statistically significant difference between the repair and the intact states (n.s.). No significant differences were found in the average contact pressure between the repair, intact, or maximum extrusion conditions at any flexion angle (n.s.). No significant differences were found in the peak contact pressure between the repair, intact, or maximum extrusion conditions at any flexion angle (n.s.). CONCLUSION In this in vitro model, medial meniscus extrusion greater than 4 mm reduced medial compartment contact area, but meniscal extrusion did not significantly increase pressure in the medial compartment. Additionally, meniscal centralization was effective in restoring the medial tibiofemoral contact area to intact state when the meniscal extrusion was secondary to meniscotibial ligament injury. The diagnosis of meniscal extrusion may not necessarily involve meniscal root injury. Since it is known that meniscal extrusion greater than 3 or 4 mm has a biomechanical impact on tibiofemoral compartment contact area and pressures, specific treatments can be established. Centralization restored medial compartment contact area to the intact state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Debieux
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,, Av Pedroso de Morais, 2567, Sao Paulo, SP, 01259-010, Brazil
| | - Andrew E Jimenez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - João Victor Novaretti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Cohen Kaleka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle E Kriscenski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Diego Costa Astur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elifho Obopilwe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lisa M Tamburini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lukas N Muench
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mark P Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Moises Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katherine J Coyner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut, 120 Dowling Way, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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