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Baz J, Khoury A, Elias MG, Mansour N, Mehanna S, Hammoud O, Gordon CP, Taleb RI, Aldrich-Wright JR, Daher CF. Enhanced potency of a chloro-substituted polyaromatic platinum(II) complex and its platinum(IV) prodrug against lung cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110834. [PMID: 38103879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the anti-neoplastic activity of a platinum (II) complex, Pt(II)5ClSS, and its platinum (IV) di-hydroxido analogue, Pt(IV)5ClSS, against mesenchymal cells (MCs), lung (A549), melanoma (A375) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells. Both complexes exhibited up to 14-fold improved cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin. NMR was used to determine that ∼25 % of Pt(IV)5ClSS was reduced to Pt(II)5ClSS in the presence of GSH (Glutathione) after 72 h. The complex 1H NMR spectra acquired for Pt(II)5ClSS with GSH shows evidence of degradation and environmental effects (∼30 %). The prominence of the 195Pt peak at ∼ -2800 ppm suggests that a significant amount of Pt(II)5ClSS remained in the mixture. Pt(II)5ClSS and Pt(IV)5ClSS have shown exceptional selectivity to cancer cells in comparison to MCs (IC50 > 150 μM). Western blot analysis of Pt(II)5ClSS and Pt(IV)5ClSS on A549 cells revealed significant upregulation of cleaved PARP-1, BAX/Bcl2 ratio, cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome thus suggesting apoptosis was induced through the intrinsic pathway. Flow cytometry also revealed significant cell death by apoptosis. Treatment with Pt(II)5ClSS and Pt(IV)5ClSS also showed significant amounts of free radical production while the COMET assay showed that both complexes cause minimal DNA damage. Cellular uptake results via ICP-MS suggest a time-dependent active mode of transport for both complexes with Pt(II)5ClSS being transported at a higher rate compared to Pt(IV)5ClSS. A Dose Escalation Study carried out on BALB/c mice showed that Pt(II)5ClSS and Pt(IV)5ClSS were approximately 8- folds and 12.5-folds, respectively, more tolerated than cisplatin. The present study provides evidence that both complexes may have the characteristics of an efficient and potentially safe anti-tumor drug that could support NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Baz
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Aleen Khoury
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria George Elias
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon; School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Najwa Mansour
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Omar Hammoud
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin I Taleb
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Janice R Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, 2751, NSW, Australia.
| | - Costantine F Daher
- School of Arts and Sciences, Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon.
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