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Peters B, Vahlhaus J, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359772. [PMID: 38586455 PMCID: PMC10995378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between the endogenous circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such as delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of the internal circadian clock and is associated with an increased risk for obesity and associated metabolic disturbances such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal timing aligned with cellular rhythms can optimize the performance of tissues and organs. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic effects of meal timing and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore factors influencing meal timing, including internal determinants such as chronotype and genetics, as well as external influences like social factors, cultural aspects, and work schedules. This review could contribute to defining meal-timing-based recommendations for public health initiatives and developing guidelines for effective lifestyle modifications targeting the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on crucial factors that must be considered in the design of future food timing intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Peters
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Janna Vahlhaus
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Rogers EM, Banks NF, Jenkins NDM. The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3667. [PMID: 37269143 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age-group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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3
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Barragán R, Zuraikat FM, Cheng B, Scaccia SE, Cochran J, Aggarwal B, Jelic S, St‐Onge M. Paradoxical Effects of Prolonged Insufficient Sleep on Lipid Profile: A Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e032078. [PMID: 37815115 PMCID: PMC10757551 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Insufficient sleep is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but causality is unclear. We investigated the impact of prolonged mild sleep restriction (SR) on lipid and inflammatory profiles. Methods and Results Seventy-eight participants (56 women [12 postmenopausal]; age, 34.3±12.5 years; body mass index, 25.8±3.5 kg/m2) with habitual sleep duration 7 to 9 h/night (adequate sleep [AS]) underwent two 6-week conditions in a randomized crossover design: AS versus SR (AS-1.5 h/night). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers (CRP [C-reactive protein], interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were assessed. Linear models tested effects of SR on outcomes in the full sample and by sex+menopausal status (premenopausal versus postmenopausal women+men). In the full sample, SR increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with AS (β=1.2±0.5 mg/dL; P=0.03). Sex+menopausal status influenced the effects of SR on change in total cholesterol (P-interaction=0.04), LDL-C (P-interaction=0.03), and interleukin 6 (P-interaction=0.07). Total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased in SR versus AS in premenopausal women (total cholesterol: β=-4.2±1.9 mg/dL; P=0.03; LDL-C: β=-6.3±2.0 mg/dL; P=0.002). Given paradoxical effects of SR on cholesterol concentrations, we explored associations between changes in inflammation and end point lipids under each condition. Increases in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α during SR tended to relate to lower LDL-C in premenopausal women (interleukin 6: β=-5.3±2.6 mg/dL; P=0.051; tumor necrosis factor-α: β=-32.8±14.2 mg/dL; P=0.027). Conclusions Among healthy adults, prolonged insufficient sleep does not increase atherogenic lipids. However, increased inflammation in SR tends to predict lower LDL-C in premenopausal women, resembling the "lipid paradox" in which low cholesterol associates with increased cardiovascular disease risk in proinflammatory conditions. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02835261, NCT02960776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Barragán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Faris M. Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of General Medicine, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Samantha E. Scaccia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Justin Cochran
- Department of SurgeryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge
- Department of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Division of General Medicine, Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
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4
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Reichenberger DA, Ness KM, Strayer SM, Mathew GM, Schade MM, Buxton OM, Chang AM. Recovery Sleep After Sleep Restriction Is Insufficient to Return Elevated Daytime Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure to Baseline Levels. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:744-751. [PMID: 37363991 PMCID: PMC10543608 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep restriction alters daytime cardiac activity, including elevating heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). There is minimal research on the cumulative effects of sleep loss and the response after subsequent recovery sleep on HR and BP. This study examined patterns of HR and BP across baseline, sleep restriction, and recovery conditions using multiple daytime cardiac measurements. METHODS Participants (15 healthy men, mean [standard deviation] = 22.3 [2.8] years) completed an 11-day inpatient protocol with three nights of 10 hours/night baseline sleep opportunity, five sleep restriction nights (5-hour/night sleep opportunity), and two recovery nights (10-hour/night sleep opportunity). Resting HR and BP were measured every 2 hours during wake. Multilevel models with random effects for individuals examined daytime HR and BP across study conditions and days into the study. RESULTS Mean daytime HR was 1.2 (0.5) beats/min lower during sleep restriction compared with baseline ( p < .001). During recovery, HR was 5.5 (1.0) beats/min higher ( p < .001), and systolic BP (SBP) was 2.9 (1.1) mm Hg higher ( p = .009). When accounting for days into the study (irrespective of condition) and measurement timing across the day, HR increased by 7.6 beats/min and SBP increased by 3.4 mm Hg across the study period ( p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that daytime HR and SBP increase after successive nights of sleep restriction, even after accounting for measurement time of day. HR and SBP did not recover to baseline levels after two recovery nights of sleep, suggesting that longer recovery sleep may be necessary to recover from multiple, consecutive nights of moderate sleep restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly M. Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington
| | | | - Gina Marie Mathew
- Program in Public Health; Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Orfeu M. Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
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5
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Janota B, Szczepańska E, Noras K, Janczewska E. Lifestyle and Quality of Life of Women with Diagnosed Hypothyroidism in the Context of Metabolic Disorders. Metabolites 2023; 13:1033. [PMID: 37887358 PMCID: PMC10609071 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifestyle causes of metabolic disorders in patients with hypothyroidism should be investigated. We aimed to assess the lifestyle and quality of life of women diagnosed with hypothyroidism and search for the presence of differences between the lifestyle and quality of life of women with and without diagnosed lipid metabolism disorders. This study included 311 women. To assess the differences between the groups with and without metabolic disorders, a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was performed. Of the products that were potentially beneficial for health, statistically significant differences in the average frequency of consumption were observed for legume seeds (p = 0.014), and of the products potentially unbeneficial for health, the frequencies of consumption of fried dishes (p = 0.016) and fast-food products (p = 0.001) were significant. Only 11.9% rated their free-time physical activity as high. The quality of life was significantly different between the groups. The lifestyle was moderately appropriate. Compared with women with lipid metabolism disorders, women without them exhibited a higher frequency of correct dietary behaviors regarding the consumption of products with a potentially beneficial effect and sleeping duration. Women without lipid metabolism disorders had a better quality of life. Women with hypothyroidism should be educated about the beneficial aspects of the regular consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish and sleeping for the optimal amount of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Janota
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kinga Noras
- Department of Biometry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Janczewska
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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6
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He ZJ, Yusufu W, Zhang S, Luo MY, Chen YC, Peng H, Wan XY. Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps in Kashgar Prefecture of Xinjiang, China. Nutrients 2023; 15:4067. [PMID: 37764850 PMCID: PMC10537589 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant colorectal tumors and precancerous lesions are closely associated with chronic inflammation. Specific dietary patterns can increase chronic inflammation in the body, thereby promoting the occurrence of tumors and precancerous lesions. We have conducted a case-control study in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, to explore the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP). A total of 52 newly diagnosed patients with CAP and 192 controls at the First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture were enrolled in this study. Dietary information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The E-DII was calculated based on dietary data, reflecting an individual's dietary inflammatory potential. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the E-DII and the risk of CAP, with adjustments for potential confounding factors. The results showed that the maximum anti- and pro-inflammatory values of E-DII were -4.33 and +3.48, respectively. Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of CAP, and this association remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and other relevant variables. Notably, a more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern may be related to an increased risk of developing CAP in Kashgar Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Jie He
- Department of General Surgery (Anorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Weili Yusufu
- Department of Rectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture, Kashgar 844000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Anorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Min-Yi Luo
- Department of General Surgery (Anorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Department of General Surgery (Endoscopic Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of General Surgery (Anorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xing-Yang Wan
- Department of General Surgery (Anorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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7
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Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
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8
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Ritchie HK, Broussard JL. CrossTalk proposal: Insufficient sleep is responsible for increased risk of metabolic disease in shift workers. J Physiol 2022; 600:1599-1602. [PMID: 35218007 PMCID: PMC8976737 DOI: 10.1113/jp282189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Ritchie
- Publications Center of Excellence, OPEN Health Communications, Evergreen, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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9
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Yuan RK, Zitting KM, Duffy JF, Vujovic N, Wang W, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Czeisler CA. Chronic Sleep Restriction While Minimizing Circadian Disruption Does Not Adversely Affect Glucose Tolerance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:764737. [PMID: 34744800 PMCID: PMC8564292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, which has been shown to adversely affect metabolism, is generally associated with prolonged exposure to artificial light at night, a known circadian disruptor. There is growing evidence suggesting that circadian disruption adversely affects metabolism, yet few studies have attempted to evaluate the adverse metabolic effects of insufficient sleep while controlling for circadian disruption. We assessed postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a standard breakfast meal in healthy adults (n = 9) who underwent 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) in a 37-day inpatient study while minimizing circadian disruption by maintaining the same duration of light exposure each study day. We compared these results to findings from an earlier inpatient study which used a forced desynchrony (FD) protocol to assess the influence of 3 weeks of CSR combined with recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glycemic control in healthy adults (n = 21). CSR combined with RCD resulted in significantly elevated postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.0001), while CSR with minimized circadian disruption had no adverse glycemic effects after 3 weeks of exposure (EXP). These results suggest that one mechanism by which sleep restriction impacts metabolism may be via concurrent circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Henderson GC. Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentration as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Metabolic Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082590. [PMID: 34444750 PMCID: PMC8402049 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration is elevated in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and related comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, experimentally manipulating plasma FFA in the laboratory setting modulates metabolic markers of these disease processes. In this article, evidence is presented indicating that plasma FFA is a disease risk factor. Elevations of plasma FFA can promote ectopic lipid deposition, IR, as well as vascular and cardiac dysfunction. Typically, elevated plasma FFA results from accelerated adipose tissue lipolysis, caused by a high adipose tissue mass, adrenal hormones, or other physiological stressors. Reducing an individual’s postabsorptive and postprandial plasma FFA concentration is expected to improve health. Lifestyle change could provide a significant opportunity for plasma FFA reduction. Various factors can impact plasma FFA concentration, such as chronic restriction of dietary energy intake and weight loss, as well as exercise, sleep quality and quantity, and cigarette smoking. In this review, consideration is given to multiple factors which lead to plasma FFA elevation and subsequent disruption of metabolic health. From considering a variety of medical conditions and lifestyle factors, it becomes clear that plasma FFA concentration is a modifiable risk factor for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Hunter P. Getting on top of sleep: Research begins to unravel the molecular mechanisms that link sleep and health. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52957. [PMID: 33876552 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that sleep is good for health. Yet, understanding how sleep exerts its healing effects has been a formidable challenge.
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Yang CL, Tucker RM. Beneficial effects of a high protein breakfast on fullness disappear after a night of short sleep in nonobese, premenopausal women. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mathew GM, Strayer SM, Bailey DS, Buzzell K, Ness KM, Schade MM, Nahmod NG, Buxton OM, Chang AM. Changes in Subjective Motivation and Effort During Sleep Restriction Moderate Interindividual Differences in Attentional Performance in Healthy Young Men. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1117-1136. [PMID: 34285617 PMCID: PMC8286723 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s294409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of sleep restriction on subjective alertness, motivation, and effort vary among individuals and may explain interindividual differences in attention during sleep restriction. We investigated whether individuals with a greater decrease in subjective alertness or motivation, or a greater increase in subjective effort (versus other participants), demonstrated poorer attention when sleep restricted. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Fifteen healthy men (M±SD, 22.3±2.8 years) completed a study with three nights of 10-hour time in bed (baseline), five nights of 5-hour time in bed (sleep restriction), and two nights of 10-hour time in bed (recovery). Participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) of sustained attention and rated alertness, motivation, and effort every two hours during wake (range: 3-9 administrations on a given day). Analyses examined performance across the study (first two days excluded) moderated by per-participant change in subjective alertness, motivation, or effort from baseline to sleep restriction. For significant interactions, we investigated the effect of study day2 (day*day) on the outcome at low (mean-1 SD) and high (mean+1 SD) levels of the moderator (N = 15, all analyses). RESULTS False starts increased across sleep restriction in participants who reported lower (mean-1 SD) but not preserved (mean+1 SD) motivation during sleep restriction. Lapses increased across sleep restriction regardless of change in subjective motivation, with a more pronounced increase in participants who reported lower versus preserved motivation. Lapses increased across sleep restriction in participants who reported higher (mean+1 SD) but not preserved (mean-1 SD) effort during sleep restriction. Change in subjective alertness did not moderate the effects of sleep restriction on attention. CONCLUSION Vigilance declines during sleep restriction regardless of change in subjective alertness or motivation, but individuals with reduced motivation exhibit poorer inhibition. Individuals with preserved subjective alertness still perform poorly during sleep restriction, while those reporting additional effort demonstrate impaired vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Marie Mathew
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen M Strayer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David S Bailey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Buzzell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelly M Ness
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Margeaux M Schade
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nicole G Nahmod
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Brouwer A, Asare Bediako I, Paszkiewicz RL, Kolka CM, Bergman RN, Broussard JL. Impact of sleep deprivation and high-fat feeding on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in dogs. Diabetologia 2020; 63:875-884. [PMID: 32016566 PMCID: PMC7304935 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insufficient sleep is increasingly recognised as a major risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes, and short-term sleep loss in clinical studies leads to a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Sleep loss-induced metabolic impairments are clinically relevant, since reductions in insulin sensitivity after sleep loss are comparable to insulin sensitivity differences between healthy individuals and those with impaired glucose tolerance. However, the relative effects of sleep loss vs high-fat feeding in the same individual have not been assessed. In addition, to our knowledge no diurnal (active during the daytime) non-human mammalian model of sleep loss-induced metabolic impairment exists, which limits our ability to study links between sleep and metabolism. METHODS This study examined the effects of one night of total sleep deprivation on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, as assessed by an IVGTT, before and after 9 months of high-fat feeding in a canine model. RESULTS One night of total sleep deprivation in lean dogs impaired insulin sensitivity to a similar degree as a chronic high-fat diet (HFD)(normal sleep: 4.95 ± 0.45 mU-1 l-1 min-1; sleep deprivation: 3.14 ± 0.21 mU-1 l-1 min-1; HFD: 3.74 ± 0.48 mU-1 l-1 min-1; mean ± SEM). Hyperinsulinaemic compensation was induced by the chronic HFD, suggesting adequate beta cell response to high-fat feeding. In contrast, there was no beta cell compensation after one night of sleep deprivation, suggesting that there was metabolic dysregulation with acute sleep loss that, if sustained during chronic sleep loss, could contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. After chronic high-fat feeding, acute total sleep deprivation did not cause further impairments in insulin sensitivity (sleep deprivation + chronic HFD: 3.28 mU-1 l-1 min-1). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings provide further evidence that sleep is important for metabolic health and establish a diurnal animal model of metabolic disruption during insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Brouwer
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isaac Asare Bediako
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA.
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Sparks JR, Porter RR, Youngstedt SD, Bowyer KP, Durstine JL, Wang X. Effects of moderate sleep restriction during 8-week calorie restriction on lipoprotein particles and glucose metabolism. SLEEP Advances 2020; 1:zpab001. [PMID: 33644759 PMCID: PMC7898726 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
This study examined how glucose, glucose regulatory hormones, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and sizes change with sleep restriction during weight loss elicited by calorie restriction.
Methods
Overweight or obese adults were randomized into an 8-week calorie restriction intervention alone (CR, n = 12; 75% female; body mass index = 31.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2) or combined with sleep restriction (CR+SR, n = 16; 75% female; body mass index = 34.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Participants in both groups were given the same instructions to reduce calorie intake. Those in the CR+SR group were instructed to reduce their habitual time-in-bed by 30–90 minutes 5 days each week with 2 ad libitum sleep days. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at pre- and post-intervention.
Results
Differential changes were found between the two groups (p = 0.028 for group × time interaction) in glucagon concentration, which decreased in the CR group (p = 0.016) but did not change in CR+SR group. Although changes in mean HDL particle (HDL-P) size and visfatin concentration were not statistically different between groups (p = 0.066 and 0.066 for group×time interaction, respectively), mean HDL-P size decreased only in the CR+SR group (Cohen’s d = 0.50, p = 0.022); visfatin concentrations did not change significantly in either group but appeared to decrease in the CR group (Cohen’s d = 0.67, p = 0.170) but not in the CR+SR group (Cohen’s d = 0.43, p = 0.225).
Conclusion
These results suggest that moderate sleep restriction, despite the presence of periodic ad libitum sleep, influences lipoprotein subclass particles and glucose regulation in individuals undergoing calorie restriction.
Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02413866, Weight Outlooks by Restriction of Diet and Sleep)
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sparks
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Ryan R Porter
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimberly P Bowyer
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - J Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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