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Cui Z, Xu H, Wu F, Chen J, Zhu L, Shen Z, Yi X, Yang J, Jia C, Zhang L, Zhou P, Li MJ, Zhu L, Duan S, Yao Z, Yu Y, Liu Q, Zhou J. Maternal circadian rhythm disruption affects neonatal inflammation via metabolic reprograming of myeloid cells. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01021-y. [PMID: 38561509 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm during pregnancy produces adverse health outcomes in offspring; however, the role of maternal circadian rhythms in the immune system of infants and their susceptibility to inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we show that disruption of circadian rhythms in pregnant mice profoundly aggravates the severity of neonatal inflammatory disorders in both male and female offspring, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. The diminished maternal production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the impaired immunosuppressive function of neonatal myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to this phenomenon. Mechanistically, DHA enhances the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs via PPARγ-mediated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Transfer of MDSCs or perinatal supplementation of DHA relieves neonatal inflammation induced by maternal rhythm disruption. These observations collectively demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of maternal circadian rhythms in the control of neonatal inflammation via metabolic reprograming of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhao Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Méndez N, Corvalan F, Halabi D, Ehrenfeld P, Maldonado R, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. From gestational chronodisruption to noncommunicable diseases: Pathophysiological mechanisms of programming of adult diseases, and the potential therapeutic role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12908. [PMID: 37650128 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while synchronizing fetal rhythms with the external photoperiod. However, modern lifestyle factors such as light pollution and shift work can induce gestational chronodisruption, leading to the desynchronization of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms. Such disruptions have been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and endocrine functions in the fetus, increasing the susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. This aligns with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, suggesting that early-life exposures can significantly influence health outcomes later in life. The consequences of gestational chronodisruption also extend into adulthood. Environmental factors like diet and stress can exacerbate the adverse effects of these disruptions, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm across the lifespan to prevent NCDs and mitigate the impact of gestational chronodisruption on aging. Research efforts are currently aimed at identifying potential interventions to prevent or mitigate the effects of gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy emerges as a promising intervention, although further investigation is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms involved and to develop effective strategies for promoting health and preventing NCDs in individuals affected by gestational chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Méndez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Van Gilst D, Puchkina AV, Roelants JA, Kervezee L, Dudink J, Reiss IKM, Van Der Horst GTJ, Vermeulen MJ, Chaves I. Effects of the neonatal intensive care environment on circadian health and development of preterm infants. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1243162. [PMID: 37719464 PMCID: PMC10500197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1243162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system in mammals ensures adaptation to the light-dark cycle on Earth and imposes 24-h rhythmicity on metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes. The central circadian pacemaker is located in the brain and is entrained by environmental signals called Zeitgebers. From here, neural, humoral and systemic signals drive rhythms in peripheral clocks in nearly every mammalian tissue. During pregnancy, disruption of the complex interplay between the mother's rhythmic signals and the fetal developing circadian system can lead to long-term health consequences in the offspring. When an infant is born very preterm, it loses the temporal signals received from the mother prematurely and becomes totally dependent on 24/7 care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), where day/night rhythmicity is usually blurred. In this literature review, we provide an overview of the fetal and neonatal development of the circadian system, and short-term consequences of disruption of this process as occurs in the NICU environment. Moreover, we provide a theoretical and molecular framework of how this disruption could lead to later-life disease. Finally, we discuss studies that aim to improve health outcomes after preterm birth by studying the effects of enhancing rhythmicity in light and noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Van Gilst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. V. Puchkina
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. A. Roelants
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - L. Kervezee
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - I. K. M. Reiss
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G. T. J. Van Der Horst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. J. Vermeulen
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - I. Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Teoh AN, Kaur S, Shafie SR, Shukri NHM, Bustami NA, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Maternal melatonin levels and temporal dietary intake: results from MY-CARE cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:491. [PMID: 37403031 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition emerges as a novel approach to promote circadian alignment and metabolic health by means of time-of-the-day dietary intake. However, the relationship between maternal circadian rhythm and temporal dietary intake during pregnancy remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the change in melatonin levels in pregnant women across gestation and its association with temporal energy and macronutrient intake. This was a prospective cohort involving 70 healthy primigravidas. During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women provided salivary samples collected at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00, and 3:00 h over a 24 h day for melatonin assay. Data on chrononutrition characteristics were collected using a 3-day food record. Parameters derived from melatonin measurements including mean, amplitude, maximal level, area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCI), and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) were computed. A rhythmic melatonin secretion over the day that remained stable across trimesters was observed among the pregnant women. There was no significant elevation in salivary melatonin levels as pregnancy advanced. In the second trimester, higher energy intake during 12:00-15:59 h and 19:00-06:59 h predicted a steeper melatonin AUCI (β=-0.32, p = 0.034) and higher AUCG (β = 0.26, p = 0.042), respectively. Macronutrient intake within 12:00-15:59 h was negatively associated with mean melatonin (Fat: β=-0.28, p = 0.041) and AUCG (Carbohydrate: β=-0.37, p = 0.003; Protein: β=-0.27, p = 0.036; Fat: β=-0.32, p = 0.014). As pregnant women progressed from the second to the third trimester, a flatter AUCI was associated with a reduced carbohydrate intake during 12:00-15:59 h (β=-0.40, p = 0.026). No significant association was detected during the third trimester. Our findings show that higher energy and macronutrient intakes particularly during 12:00-15:59 h and 19:00-06:59 h are associated with the disparities in maternal melatonin levels. Findings suggest the potential of time-based dietary approaches to entrain circadian rhythm in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ni Teoh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Raihanah Shafie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Biosciences, School of Advanced Engineering and Sciences, Waseda University, Waseda, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kimura A, Ishida Y, Nosaka M, Ishigami A, Yamamoto H, Kuninaka Y, Hata S, Ozaki M, Kondo T. Application and limitation of a biological clock-based method for estimating time of death in forensic practices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6093. [PMID: 37055510 PMCID: PMC10102023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating time of death is one of the most important problems in forensics. Here, we evaluated the applicability, limitations and reliability of the developed biological clock-based method. We analyzed the expression of the clock genes, BMAL1 and NR1D1, in 318 dead hearts with defined time of death by real-time RT-PCR. For estimating the time of death, we chose two parameters, the NR1D1/BMAL1 ratio and BMAL1/NR1D1 ratio for morning and evening deaths, respectively. The NR1D1/BMAL1 ratio was significantly higher in morning deaths and the BMAL1/NR1D1 ratio was significantly higher in evening deaths. Sex, age, postmortem interval, and most causes of death had no significant effect on the two parameters, except for infants and the elderly, and severe brain injury. Although our method may not work in all cases, our method is useful for forensic practice in that it complements classical methods that are strongly influenced by the environment in which the corpse is placed. However, this method should be applied with caution in infants, the elderly, and patients with severe brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishigami
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kinan Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ozaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Minami Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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Sharifi M, Rajabpoor Nikoo N, Badehnoosh B, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi R, Reiter RJ, Asemi Z. Therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis, targeting molecular pathways: Current knowledge and future perspective. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154368. [PMID: 36774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, the very serious disease in women creates a huge financial burden worldwide, which is comparable to diabetes mellitus. In addition to the typical pelvic pain, endometriosis is related to low life quality and decreased work efficiency; clinical consequences include mood complaints, metabolic impairments, inflammation, immunologic problems, and elevated malignancy risks. Several risk factors are correlated with endometriosis including elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, long-lasting inflammation, raised immune tolerance, as well as autoimmunity. Melatonin is a natural molecule present throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms. It has numerous functions as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Due to the anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive features of melatonin, it performances as a beneficial agent to limit endometriosis; this involves several pathways including antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as reducing the growth of E2-induced endometriotic tissue. Moreover, melatonin can favor sleep quality and decrease the unwanted signs in the patients. However, most of the data on melatonin accured from experimental works and additional clinical trials are needed. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the influence of melatonin on endometriosis. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Not applicable.
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Shukla M, Vincent B. Melatonin as a Harmonizing Factor of Circadian Rhythms, Neuronal Cell Cycle and Neurogenesis: Additional Arguments for Its Therapeutic Use in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1273-1298. [PMID: 36918783 PMCID: PMC10286584 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230314142505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and release of melatonin in the brain harmonize various physiological functions. The apparent decline in melatonin levels with advanced aging is an aperture to the neurodegenerative processes. It has been indicated that down regulation of melatonin leads to alterations of circadian rhythm components, which further causes a desynchronization of several genes and results in an increased susceptibility to develop neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, as circadian rhythms and memory are intertwined, such rhythmic disturbances influence memory formation and recall. Besides, cell cycle events exhibit a remarkable oscillatory system, which is downstream of the circadian phenomena. The linkage between the molecular machinery of the cell cycle and complex fundamental regulatory proteins emphasizes the conjectural regulatory role of cell cycle components in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Among the mechanisms intervening long before the signs of the disease appear, the disturbances of the circadian cycle, as well as the alteration of the machinery of the cell cycle and impaired neurogenesis, must hold our interest. Therefore, in the present review, we propose to discuss the underlying mechanisms of action of melatonin in regulating the circadian rhythm, cell cycle components and adult neurogenesis in the context of AD pathogenesis with the view that it might further assist to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Shukla
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Present Address: Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
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Wong SD, Wright KP, Spencer RL, Vetter C, Hicks LM, Jenni OG, LeBourgeois MK. Development of the circadian system in early life: maternal and environmental factors. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:22. [PMID: 35578354 PMCID: PMC9109407 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, an adaptable internal biological system generates circadian rhythms that maintain synchronicity of behavior and physiology with the changing demands of the 24-h environment. Development of the circadian system begins in utero and continues throughout the first few years of life. Maturation of the clock can be measured through sleep/wake patterns and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythms, by definition, can persist in the absence of environmental input; however, their ability to adjust to external time cues is vital for adaptation and entrainment to the environment. The significance of these external factors that influence the emergence of a stable circadian clock in the first years of life remain poorly understood. Infants raised in our post-modern world face adverse external circadian signals, such as artificial light and mistimed hormonal cues via breast milk, which may increase interference with the physiological mechanisms that promote circadian synchronization. This review describes the very early developmental stages of the clock and common circadian misalignment scenarios that make the developing circadian system more susceptible to conflicting time cues and temporal disorder between the maternal, fetal, infant, and peripheral clocks.
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Cochran T, Metcalfe A, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Seasonal and temporal variation in the placenta during melatonin supplementation in a bovine compromised pregnancy model. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac372. [PMID: 36370127 PMCID: PMC9762882 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies result in a poorly functioning placenta restricting the amount of oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Supplementing dietary melatonin during a compromised pregnancy increased uteroplacental blood flow and prevented IUGR in a seasonal-dependent manner. The objectives were to evaluate seasonal melatonin-mediated changes in temporal alterations of the bovine placental vascularity and transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors, and nutrient sensing genes in 54 underfed pregnant Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25). At day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to treatments consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% NRC; n = 13), nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n = 13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). The animals were fed daily at 0900 hours until day 240 where Cesarean sections were performed in the morning (0500 hours) or afternoon (1300 hours) for placentome collections. In both seasons, we observed a temporal alteration of the core clock genes in the cotyledonary tissue in a season-dependent manner. In the fall, ARNTL, CLOCK, NR1D1, and RORA transcript abundance were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the afternoon compared to the morning; whereas in the summer, ARNTL, PER2, and RORA expression were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the afternoon. Interestingly, in both seasons, there was a concomitant temporal increase (P ≤ 0.05) of cotyledonary blood vessel perfusion and caruncular melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance. Melatonin supplementation did not alter the melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance (P > 0.05), however, in the summer, melatonin supplementation increased cotyledonary VEGFA, CRY1, and RORA (P ≤ 0.05) transcript abundance. In addition, during the summer the placentomes from underfed dams had increased average capillary size and HIF1α transcript abundance compared to those adequately fed (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate increased cotyledonary blood vessel size and blood distribution after feeding to better facilitate nutrient transport. Interestingly, the maternal nutritional plane appears to play a crucial role in regulating the bovine placental circadian clock. Based on these findings, the regulation of angiogenic factors and clock genes in the bovine placenta appears to be an underlying mechanism of the therapeutic effect of dietary melatonin supplementation in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Taylor Cochran
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Abbie Metcalfe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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10
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Mendez N, Halabi D, Salazar-Petres ER, Vergara K, Corvalan F, Richter HG, Bastidas C, Bascur P, Ehrenfeld P, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Maternal melatonin treatment rescues endocrine, inflammatory, and transcriptional deregulation in the adult rat female offspring from gestational chronodisruption. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1039977. [PMID: 36507347 PMCID: PMC9727156 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1039977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gestational chronodisruption impact maternal circadian rhythms, inhibiting the nocturnal increase of melatonin, a critical hormone that contributes to maternal changes adaptation, entrains circadian rhythms, and prepares the fetus for birth and successful health in adulthood. In rats, we know that gestational chronodisruption by maternal chronic photoperiod shifting (CPS) impaired maternal melatonin levels and resulted in long-term metabolic and cardiovascular effects in adult male offspring. Here, we investigated the consequences of CPS on mother and adult female offspring and explored the effects of melatonin maternal supplementation. Also, we tested whether maternal melatonin administration during gestational chronodisruption rescues maternal circadian rhythms, pregnancy outcomes, and transcriptional functions in adult female offspring. Methods Female rats raised and maintained in photoperiod 12:12 light: dark were mated and separated into three groups: (a) Control photoperiod 12:12 (LD); (b) CPS photoperiod; and (c) CPS+Mel mothers supplemented with melatonin in the drinking water throughout gestation. In the mother, we evaluated maternal circadian rhythms by telemetry and pregnancy outcomes, in the long-term, we study adult female offspring by evaluating endocrine and inflammatory markers and the mRNA expression of functional genes involved in adrenal, cardiac, and renal function. Results In the mothers, CPS disrupted circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and heart rate and increased gestational length by almost 12-h and birth weight by 12%, all of which were rescued by maternal melatonin administration. In the female offspring, we found blunted day/night differences in circulating levels of melatonin and corticosterone, abnormal patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1a (IL1a), Interleukin-6 (IL6), and Interleukin-10 (IL10); and differential expression in 18 out of 24 adrenal, cardiac, and renal mRNAs evaluated. Conclusion Maternal melatonin contributed to maintaining the maternal circadian rhythms in mothers exposed to CPS, and the re-establishing the expression of 60% of the altered mRNAs to control levels in the female offspring. Although we did not analyze the effects on kidney, adrenal, and heart physiology, our results reinforce the idea that altered maternal circadian rhythms, resulting from exposure to light at night, should be a mechanism involved in the programming of Non-Communicable Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carla Bastidas
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pía Bascur
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,*Correspondence: Claudia Torres-Farfan,
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11
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Abstract
The concept of developmental origin of health and disease has ignited a search for mechanisms and health factors influencing normal intrauterine development. Sleep is a basic health factor with substantial individual variation, but its implication for early prenatal development remains unclear. During the embryonic period, the yolk sac is involved in embryonic nutrition, growth, hematopoiesis, and likely in fetal programming. Maternal body measures seem to influence its size in human female embryos. In this prospective, longitudinal observational study of 190 healthy women recruited before natural conception, we assessed the effect of prepregnant sleep duration (actigraphy) on the fetal crown-rump-length (CRL) and yolk sac size (ultrasound). All women gave birth to a live child. The prepregnancy daily sleep duration had an effect on the male yolk sac and CRL at the earliest measurement only (7 weeks). I.e., the yolk sac diameter decreased with increasing sleep duration (0.22 mm·h-1d-1, 95%CI [0.35-0.09], P < 0.01), and CRL increased (0.92 mm·h-1d-1, 95%CI [1.77-0.08], P = 0.03). Since there was no association at the second measurement (10 weeks), and in the group of female fetuses at any measure point, we suggest a sex- and time-dependent embryonic adaptation to sleep generated differences in the intrauterine environment in normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vietheer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torvid Kiserud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jörg Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Moeller JS, Bever SR, Finn SL, Phumsatitpong C, Browne MF, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian Regulation of Hormonal Timing and the Pathophysiology of Circadian Dysregulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4185-4214. [PMID: 36073751 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, daily patterns of behavior and physiology that are essential for optimal health and disease prevention. Disruptions to circadian timing are associated with a host of maladies, including metabolic disease and obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and mental health disturbances. The circadian timing system is hierarchically organized, with a master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks throughout the CNS and periphery. The SCN receives light information via a direct retinal pathway, synchronizing the master clock to environmental time. At the cellular level, circadian rhythms are ubiquitous, with rhythms generated by interlocking, autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. At the level of the SCN, tight cellular coupling maintains rhythms even in the absence of environmental input. The SCN, in turn, communicates timing information via the autonomic nervous system and hormonal signaling. This signaling couples individual cellular oscillators at the tissue level in extra-SCN brain loci and the periphery and synchronizes subordinate clocks to external time. In the modern world, circadian disruption is widespread due to limited exposure to sunlight during the day, exposure to artificial light at night, and widespread use of light-emitting electronic devices, likely contributing to an increase in the prevalence, and the progression, of a host of disease states. The present overview focuses on the circadian control of endocrine secretions, the significance of rhythms within key endocrine axes for typical, homeostatic functioning, and implications for health and disease when dysregulated. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-30, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Moeller
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Savannah R Bever
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Samantha L Finn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Madison F Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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13
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Windsperger K, Kiss H, Oberaigner W, Leitner H, Binder F, Muin DA, Foessleitner P, Husslein PW, Farr A. Exposure to night-time light pollution and risk of prolonged duration of labor: A nationwide cohort study. Birth 2022; 49:87-96. [PMID: 34250632 PMCID: PMC9291618 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light pollution (LP) is a ubiquitous environmental agent that affects more than 80% of the world's population. This large nationwide cohort study evaluates whether exposure to LP can influence obstetric outcomes. METHODS We analyzed Austrian birth registry data on 717 113 cases between 2008 and 2016 and excluded cases involving day-time delivery, <23 + 0 gestational weeks, and/or birthweight <500 g, induction of labor, elective cesarean, or cases with missing data. The independent variable, that is, degree of night-time LP, was categorized as low (0.174 to <0.688 mcd/m2 ), medium (0.688 to <3 mcd/m2 ), or high (3 to <10 mcd/m2 ). Duration of labor and adverse neonatal outcomes served as outcome measures. RESULTS Cases in regions with high LP (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.57) and medium LP (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31) showed increased odds of prolonged labor (P < .0001 each). Newborns born in regions with high LP (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16) and medium LP (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.10) showed increased odds of experiencing adverse outcomes (P < .0001 each). Preterm delivery <28 + 0 weeks was also associated with the degree of LP (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Night-time LP negatively interferes with obstetric outcomes. The perceived influence of LP as an environmental agent needs to be re-evaluated to minimize associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Windsperger
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Herbert Kiss
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wilhelm Oberaigner
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology AssessmentInstitute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology AssessmentUMIT University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolAustria
| | - Hermann Leitner
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyTyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated CareTirol Kliniken GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | - Franz Binder
- Department of AstrophysicsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dana A. Muin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Foessleitner
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter W. Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alex Farr
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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14
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Poe AR, Mace KD, Kayser MS. Getting into rhythm: developmental emergence of circadian clocks and behaviors. FEBS J 2021; 289:6576-6588. [PMID: 34375504 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks keep time to coordinate diverse behaviors and physiological functions. While molecular circadian rhythms are evident during early development, most behavioral rhythms, such as sleep-wake, do not emerge until far later. Here, we examine the development of circadian clocks, outputs, and behaviors across phylogeny, with a particular focus on Drosophila. We explore potential mechanisms for how central clocks and circadian output loci establish communication, and discuss why from an evolutionary perspective sleep-wake and other behavioral rhythms emerge long after central clocks begin keeping time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Poe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyla D Mace
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Ivanov DO, Evsyukova II, Mironova ES, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Nasyrov RA. Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2058. [PMID: 33669686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented. Melatonin, by controlling DNA methylation and histone modification, prevents changes in gene expression that are directly related to the programming of endocrine pathology in offspring. Deficiency and absence of the circadian rhythm of maternal melatonin underlies violations of the genetic program for the development of hormonal and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the functional systems of the child, which determines the programming and implementation of endocrine pathology in early ontogenesis, contributing to its development in later life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of endocrine disorders determines a new approach to risk assessment and timely prevention of offspring diseases even at the stage of family planning.
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16
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Abstract
The circadian (24 h) clock system adapts physiology and behavior to daily recurring changes in the environment. Compared to the extensive knowledge assembled over the last decades on the circadian system in adults, its regulation and function during development is still largely obscure. It has been shown that environmental factors, such as stress or alterations in photoperiod, disrupt maternal neuroendocrine homeostasis and program the offspring’s circadian function. However, the process of circadian differentiation cannot be fully dependent on maternal rhythms alone, since circadian rhythms in offspring from mothers lacking a functional clock (due to SCN lesioning or genetic clock deletion) develop normally. This mini-review focuses on recent findings suggesting that the embryo/fetal molecular clock machinery is present and functional in several tissues early during gestation. It is entrained by maternal rhythmic signals crossing the placenta while itself controlling responsiveness to such external factors to certain times of the day. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms through which maternal, placental and embryo/fetal clocks interact with each other, sense, integrate and coordinate signals from the early life environment is improving our understanding of how the circadian system emerges during development and how it affects physiological resilience against external perturbations during this critical time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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17
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Halabi D, Richter HG, Mendez N, Kähne T, Spichiger C, Salazar E, Torres F, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Maternal Chronodisruption Throughout Pregnancy Impairs Glucose Homeostasis and Adipose Tissue Physiology in the Male Rat Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:678468. [PMID: 34484111 PMCID: PMC8415792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.678468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence in rats support the idea that gestational chronodisruption induces major changes in maternal circadian rhythms and fetal development and that these changes impact adult life at many physiological levels. Using a model of chronic photoperiod shifting throughout gestation (CPS), in which pregnant female rats (Sprague-Dawley strain; n = 16 per group) were exposed to lighting schedule manipulation every 3-4 days reversing the photoperiod completely or light/dark photoperiod (12/12; LD), we explored in the adult rat male offspring body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue content, adipose tissue response to norepinephrine (NE), and adipose tissue proteomic in the basal condition with standard diet (SD) and in response to high-fat diet (HFD). In adult CPS male (100-200 days old; n = 8 per group), we found increasing body weight, under SD and adiposity. Also, we found an increased response to intraperitoneal glucose (IGTT). After 12 weeks of HFD, white adipose tissue depots in CPS offspring were increased further, and higher IGTT and lower intraperitoneal insulin tolerance response were found, despite the lack of changes in food intake. In in vitro experiments, we observed that adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) glycerol response to NE from CPS offspring was decreased, and it was completely abolished by HFD. At the proteomic level, in CPS adipose tissue, 275 proteins displayed differential expression, compared with LD animals fed with a standard diet. Interestingly, CPS offspring and LD fed with HFD showed 20 proteins in common (2 upregulated and 18 downregulated). Based on these common proteins, the IPA analysis found that two functional pathways were significantly altered by CPS: network 1 (AKT/ERK) and network 2 (TNF/IL4; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026315). The present data show that gestational chronodisruption induced deleterious effects in adipose tissue recruitment and function, supporting the idea that adipose tissue function was programmed in utero by gestational chronodisruption, inducing deficient metabolic responses that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Halabi
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Mass Spectrometry for Massive Proteomics, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esteban Salazar
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabiola Torres
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Torres-Farfan,
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18
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Ivanov DO, Evsyukova II, Mazzoccoli G, Anderson G, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Carbone A, Nasyrov RA. The Role of Prenatal Melatonin in the Regulation of Childhood Obesity. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9040072. [PMID: 32260529 PMCID: PMC7235795 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that pregnancy can set the foundations for an array of diverse medical conditions in the offspring, including obesity. A wide assortment of factors, including genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, and diet can influence foetal outcomes. This article reviews the role of melatonin in the prenatal modulation of offspring obesity. A growing number of studies show that many prenatal risk factors for poor foetal metabolic outcomes, including gestational diabetes and night-shift work, are associated with a decrease in pineal gland-derived melatonin and associated alterations in the circadian rhythm. An important aspect of circadian melatonin’s effects is mediated via the circadian gene, BMAL1, including in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and the mitochondrial melatoninergic pathway. Alterations in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in immune and glia cells seem crucial to a host of human medical conditions, including in the development of obesity and the association of obesity with the risk of other medical conditions. The gut microbiome is another important hub in the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of many medical conditions, with negative consequences mediated by a decrease in the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. The effects of butyrate are partly mediated via an increase in the melatoninergic pathway, indicating interactions of the gut microbiome with melatonin. Some of the effects of melatonin seem mediated via the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor, whilst both melatonin and butyrate may regulate obesity through the opioidergic system. Oxytocin, a recently recognized inhibitor of obesity, may also be acting via the opioidergic system. The early developmental regulation of these processes and factors by melatonin are crucial to the development of obesity and many diverse comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry O. Ivanov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.O.P.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Inna I. Evsyukova
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +039-0882-410255
| | | | - Victoria O. Polyakova
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.O.P.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Igor M. Kvetnoy
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Ruslan A. Nasyrov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.O.P.); (R.A.N.)
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Light and Circadian Signaling Pathway in Pregnancy: Programming of Adult Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2232. [PMID: 32210175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental signal that affects elements of human health, including the entrainment of circadian rhythms. A suboptimal environment during pregnancy can increase the risk of offspring developing a wide range of chronic diseases in later life. Circadian rhythm disruption in pregnant women may have deleterious consequences for their progeny. In the modern world, maternal chronodisruption can be caused by shift work, jet travel across time zones, mistimed eating, and excessive artificial light exposure at night. However, the impact of maternal chronodisruption on the developmental programming of various chronic diseases remains largely unknown. In this review, we outline the impact of light, the circadian clock, and circadian signaling pathways in pregnancy and fetal development. Additionally, we show how to induce maternal chronodisruption in animal models, examine emerging research demonstrating long-term negative implications for offspring health following maternal chronodisruption, and summarize current evidence related to light and circadian signaling pathway targeted therapies in pregnancy to prevent the development of chronic diseases in offspring.
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Chuffa LGA, Lupi LA, Cucielo MS, Silveira HS, Reiter RJ, Seiva FRF. Melatonin Promotes Uterine and Placental Health: Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E300. [PMID: 31906255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the endometrium is a cyclic event tightly regulated by hormones and growth factors to coordinate the menstrual cycle while promoting a suitable microenvironment for embryo implantation during the “receptivity window”. Many women experience uterine failures that hamper the success of conception, such as endometrium thickness, endometriosis, luteal phase defects, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, viral infection, and even endometrial cancer; most of these disturbances involve changes in endocrine components or cell damage. The emerging evidence has proven that circadian rhythm deregulation followed by low circulating melatonin is associated with low implantation rates and difficulties to maintain pregnancy. Given that melatonin is a circadian-regulating hormone also involved in the maintenance of uterine homeostasis through regulation of numerous pathways associated with uterine receptivity and gestation, the success of female reproduction may be dependent on the levels and activity of uterine and placental melatonin. Based on the fact that irregular production of maternal and placental melatonin is related to recurrent spontaneous abortion and maternal/fetal disturbances, melatonin replacement may offer an excellent opportunity to restore normal physiological function of the affected tissues. By alleviating oxidative damage in the placenta, melatonin favors nutrient transfer and improves vascular dynamics at the uterine–placental interface. This review focuses on the main in vivo and in vitro functions of melatonin on uterine physiological processes, such as decidualization and implantation, and also on the feto-maternal tissues, and reviews how exogenous melatonin functions from a mechanistic standpoint to preserve the organ health. New insights on the potential signaling pathways whereby melatonin resists preeclampsia and endometriosis are further emphasized in this review.
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Fang J, Yan Y, Teng X, Wen X, Li N, Peng S, Liu W, Donadeu FX, Zhao S, Hua J. Melatonin prevents senescence of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating NRF2 and inhibiting ER stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2954-2972. [PMID: 30362962 PMCID: PMC6224246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can aid in the treatment of numerous diseases in animals. However, natural aging during in vitro expansion of ADMSCs prior to their use in transplantation restricts their beneficial effects. Melatonin is reported to exert biorhythm regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-senescence effects in various animal and cell models. Herein, by using a senescent canine ADMSCs (cADMSCs) cell model subjected to multiple passages in vitro, we investigated the effects of melatonin on ADMSCs senescence. We found that melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell senescence. MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor inhibitor, luzindole, diminished the mRNA expression levels and rhythm expression amplitude of Bmal1 and Nrf2 genes. Nrf2 knockdown blocked the stimulatory effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)-related gene expression and its inhibitory effects on ERS-related gene expression. At the same time, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown in cADMSCs. Melatonin pretreatment improved the survival of cADMSCs and enhanced the beneficial effects of cADMSCs transplantation in canine acute liver injury. These results indicate that melatonin activates Nrf2 through the MT1/MT2 receptor pathway, stimulates ERAD, inhibits NF-κB and ERS, alleviates cADMSCs senescence, and improves the efficacy of transplanted cADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute Reader, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Tamtaji OR, Reiter RJ, Alipoor R, Dadgostar E, Kouchaki E, Asemi Z. Melatonin and Parkinson Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Molecular Mechanisms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:15-23. [PMID: 31388798 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic and neurodegenerative disease with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Multiple pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of PD, including apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, α-synuclein aggregation, and changes in the neurotransmitters. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that melatonin supplementation is an appropriate therapy for PD. Administration of melatonin leads to inhibition of some pathways related to apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, α-synuclein aggregation, and dopamine loss in PD. In addition, melatonin improves some nonmotor symptom in patients with PD. Limited studies, however, have evaluated the role of melatonin on molecular mechanisms and clinical symptoms in PD. This review summarizes what is known regarding the impact of melatonin on PD in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reza Alipoor
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Kouchaki
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Matenchuk BA, Tamana SK, Lou WY, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR, Becker AB, Azad MB, Moraes TJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Kozyrskyj AL, Mandhane PJ, Subbarao P, Turvey S, Anand S, Azad M, Becker A, Befus A, Brauer M, Brook J, Chen E, Cyr M, Daley D, Dell S, Denburg J, Duan Q, Eiwegger T, Grasemann H, HayGlass K, Hegele R, Holness D, Hystad P, Kobor M, Kollmann T, Kozyrskyj A, Laprise C, Lou W, Macri J, Mandhane P, Miller G, Moraes T, Paré P, Ramsey C, Ratjen F, Sandford A, Scott J, Scott J, Sears M, Silverman F, Simons E, Takaro T, Tebbutt S, To T. Prenatal depression and birth mode sequentially mediate maternal education's influence on infant sleep duration. Sleep Med 2019; 59:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Amaral FGD, Andrade-Silva J, Kuwabara WMT, Cipolla-Neto J. New insights into the function of melatonin and its role in metabolic disturbances. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:293-300. [PMID: 31192707 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1631158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is a pineal hormone that has acquired several unique modes of regulating the physiological effects in mammals due to its characteristic phylogenetic history. While melatonin exhibits immediate nocturnal effects, it also has next-day prospective effects that take place in the absence of this hormone. Besides that, the daily repetition and the annual variation in the duration of its synthesis determine its circadian and seasonal effects that characterize melatonin as a chronobiotic, a molecule that encodes time to the internal environment. Additionally, it presents transgenerational effects that are important for fetal programming, leading to a balanced energy metabolism in the adult life. AREAS COVERED Physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic value of melatonin in metabolism and metabolic disorders. EXPERT OPINION The typical mechanisms of action of melatonin (immediate, prospective, chronobiotic and transgenerational) should be considered to adequately understand its physiological effects on the regulation of metabolism in humans and, as a result, to understand the metabolic pathophysiological consequences caused by its synthesis and/or signaling disturbances. That points to the importance of a broader understanding of melatonin actions, besides the classical endocrinological point of view, that would allow the clinician/research to proper interpret its role in health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jéssica Andrade-Silva
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Wilson M T Kuwabara
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Doğanlar ZB, Güçlü H, Öztopuz Ö, Türkön H, Dogan A, Uzun M, Doğanlar O. The Role of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Angiogenesis in Fetal Eye under Preeclampsia and Melatonin Deficiency Stress. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1157-1169. [PMID: 31090463 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1619778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of ocular damage induced by pinealectomy (PNX) and preeclampsia (PE), and to determine the cellular and molecular effects of melatonin treatment on oxidative stress, DNA damage, molecular chaperone responses, induction of apoptosis and angiogenesis in the fetal eye of both PNX and PNX+PE animals. Material and Methods: We analysed therapeutic potential of melatonin on fetal eye damage in PNX and PNX+PE animals using Malondialdehyde (MDA), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. Results: Our study presents three preliminary findings: (a) in fetal eye tissues, PNX and PNX+PE significantly induce oxidative damage to both DNA and protein contents, leading to a dramatic increase in caspase-dependent apoptotic signalling in both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways; (b) the same conditions trigger hypoxia biomarkers in addition to significant overexpression of HIF1-α, HIF1-β, MMP9 and VEGF genes in the fetal eye; (c) finally, melatonin regulates not only the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and increase in DNA damage as well as lipid peroxidation but also limits programmed cell death processes in the fetal eye of PNX and PNX+PE animals . Furthermore, melatonin can relatively modulate genes in the HIF1 family, TNF-α and VEGF, thus acting as a direct anti-angiogenic molecule. In conclusion, both PNX and PNX+PE induce ocular damage at both cellular and molecular levels in fetal eye tissue of rats. Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate the potential of melatonin as a preventative therapeutic intervention for fetal ocular damage triggered by both PNX and PNX+PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Hande Güçlü
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Özlem Öztopuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Hakan Türkön
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Ayten Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Metehan Uzun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
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Gatford KL, Kennaway DJ, Liu H, Kleemann DO, Kuchel TR, Varcoe TJ. Simulated shift work disrupts maternal circadian rhythms and metabolism, and increases gestation length in sheep. J Physiol 2019; 597:1889-1904. [PMID: 30671970 DOI: 10.1113/jp277186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Shift work impairs metabolic health, although its effects during pregnancy are not well understood We evaluated the effects of a simulated shift work protocol for one-third, two-thirds or all of pregnancy on maternal and pregnancy outcomes in sheep. Simulated shift work changed the timing of activity, disrupted hormonal and cellular rhythms, and impaired maternal glucose tolerance during early pregnancy. Gestation length was increased in twin pregnancies, whereas singleton lambs were lighter at a given gestational age if mothers were subjected to shift work conditions in the first one-third of pregnancy. Exposure to rotating night and day shifts, even if only in early pregnancy, may adversely affect maternal metabolic and pregnancy outcomes. ABSTRACT Shift workers are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, the impact during pregnancy on maternal metabolism is unknown. Using a large animal model, we assessed the impact of simulated shift work (SSW) exposure during pregnancy on maternal circadian rhythms, glucose tolerance and pregnancy outcomes. Following mating, ewes were randomly allocated to a control photoperiod (CON 12 h light, 12 h dark) or to SSW, where the timing of light exposure and food presentation was reversed twice each week for one-third, two-thirds or all of pregnancy. Maternal behaviour followed SSW cycles with increased activity during light exposure and feeding. Melatonin rhythms resynchronized within 2 days of the photoperiod shift, whereas peripheral circadian rhythms were arrhythmic. SSW impaired glucose tolerance (+29%, P = 0.019) and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (+32%, P = 0.018) in ewes with a singleton fetus in early but not late gestation. SSW exposure did not alter rates of miscarriage or stillbirth, although it extended gestation length in twin pregnancies (+2.4 days, P = 0.032). Relative to gestational age, birth weight was lower in singleton progeny of SSW than CON ewes (-476 g, P = 0.016). These results have implications for the large number of women currently engaged in shift work, and further studies are required to determine progeny health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hong Liu
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David O Kleemann
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy R Kuchel
- Preclinical Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, SA, Australia
| | - Tamara J Varcoe
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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McCarthy R, Jungheim ES, Fay JC, Bates K, Herzog ED, England SK. Riding the Rhythm of Melatonin Through Pregnancy to Deliver on Time. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:616. [PMID: 31572299 PMCID: PMC6753220 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is influenced by the circadian ("circa" or approximately; diēm or day) system, which coordinates physiology and behavior with predictable daily changes in the environment such as light/dark cycles. For example, most species deliver around a particular time of day. In mammals, circadian rhythms are controlled by the master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. One key way that the suprachiasmatic nucleus coordinates circadian rhythms throughout the body is by regulating production of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin. Serum melatonin concentration, which peaks at night and is suppressed during the day, is one of the best biological indicators of circadian timing. Circadian misalignment causes maternal disturbances in the temporal organization of many physiological processes including melatonin synthesis, and these disturbances of the circadian system have been linked to an increased risk for pregnancy complications. Here, we review evidence that melatonin helps regulate the maternal and fetal circadian systems and the timing of birth. Finally, we discuss the potential for melatonin-based therapeutic strategies to alleviate poor pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emily S. Jungheim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Justin C. Fay
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Keenan Bates
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Erik D. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sarah K. England
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sarah K. England
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Abstract
Last year melatonin was 60 years old, or at least its discovery was 60 years ago. The molecule itself may well be almost as old as life itself. So it is time to take yet another perspective on our understanding of its functions, effects and clinical uses. This is not a formal review-there is already a multitude of systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses and even reviews of reviews. In view of the extraordinary variety of effects attributed to melatonin in the last 25 years, it is more of an attempt to sort out some areas where a consensus opinion exists, and where placebo controlled, randomized, clinical trials have confirmed early observations on therapeutic uses. The current upsurge of concern about the multiple health problems associated with disturbed circadian rhythms has generated interest in related therapeutic interventions, of which melatonin is one. The present text will consider the physiological role of endogenous melatonin, and the mostly pharmacological effects of exogenous treatment, on the assumption that normal circulating concentrations represent endogenous pineal production. It will concentrate mainly on the most researched, and accepted area of therapeutic use and potential use of melatonin-its undoubted ability to realign circadian rhythms and sleep-since this is the author's bias. It will touch briefly upon some other systems with prominent rhythmic attributes including certain cancers, the cardiovascular system, the entero-insular axis and metabolism together with the use of melatonin to assess circadian status. Many of the ills of the developed world relate to deranged rhythms-and everything is rhythmic unless proved otherwise.
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Carmona-Alcocer V, Rohr KE, Joye DAM, Evans JA. Circuit development in the master clock network of mammals. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:82-108. [PMID: 30402923 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms are generated by the circadian timekeeping system, which is orchestrated by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of mammals. Circadian timekeeping is endogenous and does not require exposure to external cues during development. Nevertheless, the circadian system is not fully formed at birth in many mammalian species and it is important to understand how SCN development can affect the function of the circadian system in adulthood. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the ontogeny of cellular and circuit function in the SCN, with a focus on work performed in model rodent species (i.e., mouse, rat, and hamster). Particular emphasis is placed on the spatial and temporal patterns of SCN development that may contribute to the function of the master clock during adulthood. Additional work aimed at decoding the mechanisms that guide circadian development is expected to provide a solid foundation upon which to better understand the sources and factors contributing to aberrant maturation of clock function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla E Rohr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Deborah A M Joye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer A Evans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides being produced in peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine and paracrine signal, melatonin is centrally synthetized by a neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of the considered species, pineal hormone melatonin is always produced during the night and its production and secretory episode duration are directly dependent on the length of the night. As its production is tightly linked to the light/dark cycle, melatonin main hormonal systemic integrative action is to coordinate behavioral and physiological adaptations to the environmental geophysical day and season. The circadian signal is dependent on its daily production regularity, on the contrast between day and night concentrations, and on specially developed ways of action. During its daily secretory episode, melatonin coordinates the night adaptive physiology through immediate effects and primes the day adaptive responses through prospective effects that will only appear at daytime, when melatonin is absent. Similarly, the annual history of the daily melatonin secretory episode duration primes the central nervous/endocrine system to the seasons to come. Remarkably, maternal melatonin programs the fetuses' behavior and physiology to cope with the environmental light/dark cycle and season after birth. These unique ways of action turn melatonin into a biological time-domain-acting molecule. The present review focuses on the above considerations, proposes a putative classification of clinical melatonin dysfunctions, and discusses general guidelines to the therapeutic use of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues Helmo F, Etchebehere RM, Bernardes N, Meirelles MF, Galvão Petrini C, Penna Rocha L, Gonçalves Dos Reis Monteiro ML, Souza de Oliveira Guimarães C, de Paula Antunes Teixeira V, Dos Reis MA, Machado JR, Miranda Corrêa RR. Melatonin treatment in fetal and neonatal diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1940-1951. [PMID: 30377024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This literature review aims to address the main scientific findings on oxidative stress activity in different gestational disorders, as well as the function and application of melatonin in the treatment of fetal and neonatal changes. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of recurrent miscarriages, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and stillbirth. Both, the exacerbated consumption of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and the increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide, induce phospholipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction, impaired invasion and death of trophoblast cells, impaired decidualization, and remodeling of maternal spiral arteries. It has been postulated that melatonin induces specific biochemical responses that regulate cell proliferation in fetuses, and that its antioxidant action promotes bioavailability of nitric oxide and, thus, placental perfusion and also fetal nutrition and oxygenation. Therefore, the therapeutic action of melatonin has been the subject of major studies that aim to minimize or prevent different injuries affecting this pediatric age group, such as intrauterine growth restriction, encephalopathy, chronic lung diseases, retinopathy of prematurity Conclusion: the results antioxidant and indicate that melatonin is an important therapy for the clinical treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Margarida Etchebehere
- Surgical Pathology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Bernardes
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Flávia Meirelles
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caetano Galvão Petrini
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Penna Rocha
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Carlomagno G, Minini M, Tilotta M, Unfer V. From Implantation to Birth: Insight into Molecular Melatonin Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2802. [PMID: 30227688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a lipophilic hormone synthesized and secreted mainly in the pineal gland, acting as a neuroendocrine transducer of photoperiodic information during the night. In addition to this activity, melatonin has shown an antioxidant function and a key role as regulator of physiological processes related to human reproduction. Melatonin is involved in the normal outcome of pregnancy, beginning with the oocyte quality, continuing with embryo implantation, and finishing with fetal development and parturition. Melatonin has been shown to act directly on several reproductive events, including folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and corpus luteum (CL) formation. The molecular mechanism of action has been investigated through several studies which provide solid evidence on the connections between maternal melatonin secretion and embryonic and fetal development. Melatonin administration, reducing oxidative stress and directly acting on its membrane receptors, melatonin thyroid hormone receptors (MT1 and MT2), displays effects on the earliest phases of pregnancy and during the whole gestational period. In addition, considering the reported positive effects on the outcomes of compromised pregnancies, melatonin supplementation should be considered as an important tool for supporting fetal development, opening new opportunities for the management of several reproductive and gestational pathologies.
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Richter HG, Mendez N, Abarzua-Catalan L, Valenzuela GJ, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Developmental Programming of Capuchin Monkey Adrenal Dysfunction by Gestational Chronodisruption. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:9183053. [PMID: 30186871 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9183053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella), a new-world nonhuman primate, maternal exposure to constant light during last third of gestation induces precocious maturation of the fetal adrenal and increased plasma cortisol in the newborn. Here, we further explored the effects of this challenge on the developmental programming of adrenal function in newborn and infant capuchin monkeys. We measured (i) plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and cortisol response to ACTH in infants with suppressed endogenous ACTH, (ii) plasma DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH in vitro, and (iii) adrenal weight and expression level of key factors in steroid synthesis (StAR and 3β-HSD). In one-month-old infants from mothers subjected to constant light, plasma levels of cortisol and cortisol response to ACTH were twofold higher, whereas plasma levels of DHAS and DHAS response to ACTH were markedly reduced, compared to control conditions. At 10 months of age, DHAS levels were still lower but closer to control animals, whereas cortisol response to ACTH was similar in both experimental groups. A compensatory response was detected at the adrenal level, consisting of a 30% increase in adrenal weight and about 50% reduction of both StAR and 3β-HSD mRNA and protein expression and the magnitude of DHAS and cortisol response to ACTH in vitro. Hence, at birth and at 10 months of age, there were differential effects in DHAS, cortisol production, and their response to ACTH. However, by 10 months of age, these subsided, leading to a normal cortisol response to ACTH. These compensatory mechanisms may help to overcome the adrenal alterations induced during pregnancy to restore normal cortisol concentrations in the growing infant.
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Tain YL, Lin YJ, Chan JYH, Lee CT, Hsu CN. Maternal melatonin or agomelatine therapy prevents programmed hypertension in male offspring of mother exposed to continuous light. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:636-643. [PMID: 29025027 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can originate from early-life insults, whereas maternal melatonin therapy can be protective in a variety of models of programmed hypertension. We hypothesize that melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine can prevent programmed hypertension in adult offspring induced by maternal exposure to continuous light. Female Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats randomly divided into four groups: controls, rats exposed to continuous light, exposed to continuous light plus treated with agomelatine (50 mg/day i.p.), and exposed to continuous light plus treated with 0.01% melatonin in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation period. Male offspring (n = 10/group) from three litters were examined at 12 weeks of age. Maternal continuous light exposure-induced hypertension in male offspring, which was prevented by melatonin or agomelatine therapy. Continuous light exposure did not affect melatonin pathway in adult offspring kidney. Genes that belong to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sodium transporters, AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, and circadian rhythm were potentially involved in the maternal exposure to continuous light-induced programmed hypertension. Maternal agomelatine therapy decreased Ace expression but increased Agtr2 and Mas1. Maternal melatonin therapy prevented the increases of Slc9a3, Slc12a3, and Atp1a1 expression induced by maternal continuous light exposure. In conclusion, maternal melatonin or agomelatine therapy prevents programmed hypertension induced by maternal exposure to continuous light. Agomelatine and melatonin reprogram the RAS and sodium transporters differentially, to prevent negative programming of continuous light. Our data highlight candidate genes and pathways in renal programming as targets for therapeutic approaches to prevent programmed hypertension caused by early-life disturbance of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Moreira AC, Antonini SR, de Castro M. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: A sense of time of the glucocorticoid circadian clock: from the ontogeny to the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:R1-R18. [PMID: 29661784 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of glucocorticoids has long been recognised within the last 75 years. Since the beginning, researchers have sought to identify basic mechanisms underlying the origin and emergence of the corticosteroid circadian rhythmicity among mammals. Accordingly, Young, Hall and Rosbash, laureates of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, as well as Takahashi's group among others, have characterised the molecular cogwheels of the circadian system, describing interlocking transcription/translation feedback loops essential for normal circadian rhythms. Plasma glucocorticoid circadian variation depends on the expression of intrinsic clock genes within the anatomic components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which are organised in a hierarchical manner. This review presents a general overview of the glucocorticoid circadian clock mechanisms, highlighting the ontogeny of the pituitary-adrenal axis diurnal rhythmicity as well as the involvement of circadian rhythm abnormalities in the physiopathology and diagnosis of Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton Custodio Moreira
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonir Rauber Antonini
- Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
An intact communication between circadian clocks and the stress system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis under resting conditions and in response to external stimuli. There is accumulating evidence for a reciprocal interaction between both-from the systemic to the molecular level. Disruption of this interaction by external factors such as shiftwork, jetlag, or chronic stress increases the risk of developing metabolic, immune, or mood disorders. From experiments in rodents, we know that both systems maturate during the perinatal period. During that time, exogenous factors such as stress or alterations in the external photoperiod may critically affect-or program-physiological functions later in life. This developmental programming process has been attributed to maternal stress signals reaching the embryo, which lastingly change gene expression through the induction of epigenetic mechanisms. Despite the well-known function of the adult circadian system in temporal coordination of physiology and behavior, the role of maternal and embryonic circadian clocks during pregnancy and postnatal development is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the circadian-stress crosstalk at different periods of development may help to improve stress resistance and devise preventive and therapeutic strategies against chronic stress-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Abstract
The in utero environment is inherently rhythmic, with the fetus subjected to circadian changes in temperature, substrates, and various maternal hormones. Meanwhile, the fetus is developing an endogenous circadian timing system, preparing for life in an external environment where light, food availability, and other environmental factors change predictably and repeatedly every 24 h. In humans, there are many situations that can disrupt circadian rhythms, including shift work, international travel, insomnias, and circadian rhythm disorders (e.g., advanced/delayed sleep phase disorder), with a growing consensus that this chronodisruption can have deleterious consequences for an individual's health and well-being. However, the impact of chronodisruption during pregnancy on the health of both the mother and fetus is not well understood. In this review, we outline circadian timing system ontogeny in mammals and examine emerging research from animal models demonstrating long-term negative implications for progeny health following maternal chronodisruption during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Varcoe
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
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Antolic A, Wood CE, Keller-Wood M. Use of radiotelemetry to assess perinatal cardiac function in the ovine fetus and newborn. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R660-R668. [PMID: 28855176 PMCID: PMC5814690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The late gestation fetal ECG (fECG) has traditionally been difficult to characterize due to the low fECG signal relative to high maternal noise. Although new technologies have improved the feasibility of its acquisition and separation, little is known about its development in late gestation, a period in which the fetal heart undergoes extensive maturational changes. Here, we describe a method for the chronic implantation of radiotelemetry devices into late gestation ovine fetuses to characterize parameters of the fECG following surgery, throughout late gestation, and in the perinatal period. We found no significant changes in mean aortic pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), or ECG in the 5 days following implantation; however, HR decreased in the first 24 h following the end of surgery, with associated increases in RR, PR, and QRS intervals. Over the last 14 days of fetal life, fetal MAP significantly increased, and HR significantly decreased, as expected. MAP and HR increased as labor progressed. Although there were no significant changes over time in the ECG during late gestation, the duration of the PR interval initially decreased and then increased as birth approached. These results indicate that although critical maturational changes occur in the late gestation fetal myocardium, the mechanisms that control the cardiac conduction are relatively mature in late gestation. The study demonstrates that radiotelemetry can be successfully used to assess fetal cardiac function, in particular conduction, through the process of labor and delivery, and may therefore be a useful tool for study of peripartum cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antolic
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;
| | - C E Wood
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - M Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C, Valenzuela FJ, Castillo-Galan S, Rojas A, Mendez N, Reynolds H, Valenzuela GJ, Llanos AJ. Deciphering the Function of the Blunt Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin in the Newborn Lamb: Impact on Adrenal and Heart. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2895-2905. [PMID: 28911179 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal lambs, as with human and other neonates, have low arrhythmic endogenous levels of melatonin for several weeks until they start their own pineal rhythm of melatonin production at approximately 2 weeks of life. During pregnancy, daily rhythmic transfer of maternal melatonin to the fetus has important physiological roles in sheep, nonhuman primates, and rats. This melatonin rhythm provides a circadian signal and also participates in adjusting the physiology of several organs in preparation for extrauterine life. We propose that the ensuing absence of a melatonin rhythm plays a role in neonatal adaptation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of imposing a high-amplitude melatonin rhythm in the newborn lamb on (1) clock time-related changes in cortisol and plasma variables and (2) clock time-related changes of gene expression of clock genes and selected functional genes in the adrenal gland and heart. We treated newborn lambs with a daily oral dose of melatonin (0.25 mg/kg) from birth to 5 days of age, recreating a high-amplitude melatonin rhythm. This treatment suppressed clock time-related changes of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, clock gene expression, and functional genes in the newborn adrenal gland. In the heart, it decreased heart/body weight ratio, increased expression of Anp and Bnp, and resulted in different heart gene expression from control newborns. The interference of this postnatal melatonin treatment with the normal postnatal pattern of adrenocortical function and heart development support a physiological role for the window of flat postnatal melatonin levels during the neonatal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 7500922, Chile
| | - Francisco J Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
| | - Sebastian Castillo-Galan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
| | - Auristela Rojas
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 7500922, Chile
| | - Henry Reynolds
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
| | - Guillermo J Valenzuela
- Department of Women's Health, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, San Bernardino, California 92324
| | - Anibal J Llanos
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 16038, Chile
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Tordjman S, Chokron S, Delorme R, Charrier A, Bellissant E, Jaafari N, Fougerou C. Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:434-443. [PMID: 28503116 PMCID: PMC5405617 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666161228122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin synchronizes central but also peripheral oscillators (fetal adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fat, gut, etc.), allowing temporal organization of biological functions through circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) in relation to periodic environmental changes and therefore adaptation of the individual to his/her internal and external environment. Measures of melatonin are considered the best peripheral indices of human circadian timing based on an internal 24-hour clock. METHODS First, the pharmacology of melatonin (biosynthesis and circadian rhythms, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action) is described, allowing a better understanding of the short and long term effects of melatonin following its immediate or prolonged release. Then, research related to the physiological effects of melatonin is reviewed. RESULTS The physiological effects of melatonin are various and include detoxification of free radicals and antioxidant actions, bone formation and protection, reproduction, and cardiovascular, immune or body mass regulation. Also, protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin are reported, especially with regard to brain or gastrointestinal protection, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases and oncostatic effects. CONCLUSION This review highlights the high number and diversity of major melatonin effects and opens important perspectives for measuring melatonin as a biomarker (biomarker of early identification of certain disorders and also biomarker of their follow-up) and using melatonin with clinical preventive and therapeutic applications in newborns, children and adults based on its physiological regulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Tordjman
- Hospital-University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35000, France
- Laboratory of Psychology of Perception, CNRS UMR 8158, Paris 75270, France
| | - Sylvie Chokron
- Laboratory of Psychology of Perception, CNRS UMR 8158, Paris 75270, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris 75019, France
| | - Annaëlle Charrier
- Hospital-University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Guillaume Régnier Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Eric Bellissant
- Inserm CIC 1414 Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Nemat Jaafari
- Unité de recherche clinique Pierre Deniker du Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, INSERM CIC-P 1402, Poitiers 86022, France
- INSERM U 1084 Laboratoire expérimental et clinique en Neurosciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers 86022, France
| | - Claire Fougerou
- Inserm CIC 1414 Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes 35033, France
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Iwata S, Fujita F, Kinoshita M, Unno M, Horinouchi T, Morokuma S, Iwata O. Dependence of nighttime sleep duration in one-month-old infants on alterations in natural and artificial photoperiod. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44749. [PMID: 28303945 DOI: 10.1038/srep44749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sleep–wake cycles are entrained by both natural and artificial light–dark cycles. However, little is known regarding when and how the photoperiod changes entrain the biological clock after conception. To investigate the dependence of sleep patterns in young infants on the natural and artificial light–dark cycles, 1,302 pairs of one-month-old infants and their mothers were asked to answer a questionnaire. Birth in spring, longer daytime sleep duration, early/regular light-off times, and longer maternal nighttime sleep duration were identified as independent variables for longer infant nighttime sleep duration in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Longer maternal nighttime sleep duration was dependent on shorter naps and early/regular bed times but not on the season. We found that nighttime sleep duration depended on both natural and artificial diurnal photoperiod changes in one-month-old infants. Although sleep patterns of infants mimicked those of their mothers, nighttime sleep duration depended on the season, and was positively associated with daytime sleep duration, only in the infants. These specific variables, which render sleep patterns of the infants different from those of their mothers, might be a clue to reveal the covert acquisition process of mature circadian rhythms after birth.
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Oster H, Challet E, Ott V, Arvat E, de Kloet ER, Dijk DJ, Lightman S, Vgontzas A, Van Cauter E. The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:3-45. [PMID: 27749086 PMCID: PMC5563520 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Etienne Challet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Volker Ott
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Li S, Wang Y, Wang F, Hu LF, Liu CF. A New Perspective for Parkinson's Disease: Circadian Rhythm. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:62-72. [PMID: 27995565 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is manifested by the behavioral and physiological changes from day to night, which is controlled by the pacemaker and its regulator. The former is located at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus, while the latter is composed of clock genes present in all tissues. Circadian desynchronization influences normal patterns of day-night rhythms such as sleep and alertness cycles, rest and activity cycles. Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibits diurnal fluctuations. Circadian dysfunction has been observed in PD patients and animal models, which may result in negative consequences to the homeostasis and even exacerbate the disease progression. Therefore, circadian therapies, including light stimulation, physical activity, dietary and social schedules, may be helpful for PD patients. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the circadian dysfunction in PD remain elusive. Further research on circadian patterns is needed. This article summarizes the existing research on the circadian rhythms in PD, focusing on the clinical symptom variations, molecular changes, as well as the available treatment options.
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Mendez N, Halabi D, Spichiger C, Salazar ER, Vergara K, Alonso-Vasquez P, Carmona P, Sarmiento JM, Richter HG, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. Gestational Chronodisruption Impairs Circadian Physiology in Rat Male Offspring, Increasing the Risk of Chronic Disease. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4654-4668. [PMID: 27802074 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to light at night, as in shift work, alters biological clocks (chronodisruption), negatively impacting pregnancy outcome in humans. Actually the interaction of maternal and fetal circadian systems could be a key factor determining a fitting health in adults. We propose that chronic photoperiod shift (CPS) during pregnancy alter maternal circadian rhythms and impair circadian physiology in the adult offspring, increasing health risks. Pregnant rats were exposed to normal photoperiod (12 h light, 12 h dark) or to CPS until 85% of gestation. The effects of gestational CPS were evaluated on the mother and adult offspring. In the mother we measured rhythms of heart rate, body temperature, and activity through gestation and daily rhythms of plasma variables (melatonin, corticosterone, aldosterone, and markers of renal function) at 18 days of gestation. In adult offspring, we measured rhythms of the clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), locomotor activity, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma variables, glucose tolerance, and corticosterone response to ACTH. CPS altered all maternal circadian rhythms, lengthened gestation, and increased newborn weight. The adult CPS offspring presented normal rhythms of clock gene expression in the SCN, locomotor activity, and body temperature. However, the daily rhythm of plasma melatonin was absent, and corticosterone, aldosterone, renal markers, blood pressure, and heart rate rhythms were altered. Moreover, CPS offspring presented decreased glucose tolerance and an abnormal corticosterone response to ACTH. Altogether these data show that gestational CPS induced long-term effects on the offspring circadian system, wherein a normal SCN coexists with altered endocrine, cardiovascular, and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mendez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban R Salazar
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Alonso-Vasquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Carmona
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Sarmiento
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Hans G Richter
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratory of Developmental Chronobiology (N.M., D.H., C.S., E.R.S., K.V., P.A.-V., H.G.R., C.T.-F.), Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology and Institute of Physiology (P.C., J.M.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Laboratorio de Cronobiología (M.S.-F.), Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 6640750 Santiago, Chile
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Serón-ferré M, Richter HG, Valenzuela GJ, Torres-farfan C. Circadian Rhythms in the Fetus and Newborn: Significance of Interactions with Maternal Physiology and the Environment. Neuromethods 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3014-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Smolensky MH, Sackett-Lundeen LL, Portaluppi F. Nocturnal light pollution and underexposure to daytime sunlight: Complementary mechanisms of circadian disruption and related diseases. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:1029-48. [PMID: 26374931 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Routine exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) in work, home, and community settings is linked with increased risk of breast and prostate cancer (BC, PC) in normally sighted women and men, the hypothesized biological rhythm mechanisms being frequent nocturnal melatonin synthesis suppression, circadian time structure (CTS) desynchronization, and sleep/wake cycle disruption with sleep deprivation. ALAN-induced perturbation of the CTS melatonin synchronizer signal is communicated maternally at the very onset of life and after birth via breast or artificial formula feedings. Nighttime use of personal computers, mobile phones, electronic tablets, televisions, and the like--now epidemic in adolescents and adults and highly prevalent in pre-school and school-aged children--is a new source of ALAN. However, ALAN exposure occurs concomitantly with almost complete absence of daytime sunlight, whose blue-violet (446-484 nm λ) spectrum synchronizes the CTS and whose UV-B (290-315 nm λ) spectrum stimulates vitamin D synthesis. Under natural conditions and clear skies, day/night and annual cycles of UV-B irradiation drive corresponding periodicities in vitamin D synthesis and numerous bioprocesses regulated by active metabolites augment and strengthen the biological time structure. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are widespread in children and adults in developed and developing countries as a consequence of inadequate sunlight exposure. Past epidemiologic studies have focused either on exposure to too little daytime UV-B or too much ALAN, respectively, on vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency or melatonin suppression in relation to risk of cancer and other, e.g., psychiatric, hypertensive, cardiac, and vascular, so-called, diseases of civilization. The observed elevated incidence of medical conditions the two are alleged to influence through many complementary bioprocesses of cells, tissues, and organs led us to examine effects of the totality of the artificial light environment in which humans reside today. Never have chronobiologic or epidemiologic investigations comprehensively researched the potentially deleterious consequences of the combination of suppressed vitamin D plus melatonin synthesis due to life in today's man-made artificial light environment, which in our opinion is long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Smolensky
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Linda L Sackett-Lundeen
- b American Association for Clinical Chronobiology and Chronotherapeutics , Roseville , MN , USA , and
| | - Francesco Portaluppi
- c Hypertension Center, S. Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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Fontanetti PA, Nervegna MT, Vermouth NT, Mandalunis PM. Prenatal Exposure to Continuous Constant Light Alters Endochondral Ossification of the Tibiae of Rat Pups. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:278-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000433520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are regulated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The generation of circadian oscillations is a cell-autonomous property, and coupling among cells is essential for the SCN to function as a pacemaker. The development of SCN anatomy and cytology has been extensively studied, but the point in development when the SCN first has the capacity to generate circadian oscillations has not been established. We therefore examined the development of circadian oscillations using per2::luc mice in which bioluminescence tracks the expression of the circadian clock protein, PER2. In vitro, hypothalamic explants first expressed consistent oscillations when isolated between 15 and 16 days postfertilization (e15). Oscillations were more robust at later ages. Explants from other brain areas did not express oscillations, indicating that the development of oscillations is not a general property of embryonic tissue. SCN explants obtained on e14 did not initially express oscillations but developed them in vitro over 4 to 6 d. Although coupling among cells is required for the long-term expression of tissue-level oscillations, explants from mice lacking the coupling peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide still developed oscillations. In the mouse, the capacity to generate molecular oscillations on e15 coincides with the completion of neurogenesis and SCN-specific transcription factor expression. Thus, within a day of its genesis at an age approximately equivalent to the end of the first trimester in humans, the SCN develops the capacity to express circadian oscillations and autonomously develops mechanisms sufficient to couple and synchronize its cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wreschnig
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hamid Dolatshad
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fred C Davis
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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