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Ma H, Hao J, Liu H, Yin J, Qiang M, Liu M, He S, Zeng D, Liu X, Lian C, Gao Y. Peoniflorin Preconditioning Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Myocardial Apoptosis: RISK Pathway Involved. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1149-1165. [PMID: 34596828 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning with Peoniflorin, a component of traditional Chinese prescriptions, was proposed to be a potential strategy for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the cardioprotective effect of Peoniflorin preconditioning has not been thoroughly confirmed, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the cardioprotective effect and its mechanism of Peoniflorin preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury. Rats were subjected to 30 min of transient ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion with or without Peoniflorin (100 mg/kg) prior to reperfusion. Peoniflorin preconditioning significantly limited myocardial infarct size and reperfusion arrhythmias, as well as obviously attenuated the histomorphological and micromorphological damages induced by I/R injury. The reduced myocardial injury was also associated with the anti-apoptotic effect of Peoniflorin, as evidence by decreased TUNEL-positive cells, upregulation of BCL-2 expression, and downregulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression. In an effort to evaluate the mechanism responsible for the observed cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic effect, Western blot of phosphorylated protein was performed after 20 min of reperfusion. Results showed that Peoniflorin preconditioning activated both the Akt and ERK1/2 arm of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. To further confirm this mechanism, the PI3K signaling inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor PD98059 were administered in vivo. The cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of Peoniflorin preconditioning were diminished but not abolished by pretreatment with LY294002 or PD98059. Taken together, these results indicate that Peoniflorin preconditioning protects the myocardial against I/R injury and inhibits myocardial apoptosis via the activation of the RISK pathway, highlighting the potential therapeutic effects of Peoniflorin on reducing myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 151 East Section of South Second Ring RoadBeilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiping Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 151 East Section of South Second Ring RoadBeilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Medical College of Yan'an University, No. 38 Guanghua RoadBaota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Medical College of Yan'an University, No. 38 Guanghua RoadBaota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingmin Qiang
- Medical College of Yan'an University, No. 38 Guanghua RoadBaota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 151 East Section of South Second Ring RoadBeilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaohui He
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 151 East Section of South Second Ring RoadBeilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi RoadBaqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi RoadBaqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi RoadBaqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 151 East Section of South Second Ring RoadBeilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Gesmundo I, Granata R, Cai R, Sha W, Schally AV, Brunetti L, Leone S. Growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonistic analog MIA-690 stimulates food intake in mice. Peptides 2021; 142:170582. [PMID: 34051291 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its metabolic and endocrine effects, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was found to modulate feeding behavior in mammals. However, the role of recently synthetized GHRH antagonist MIA-690 and MR-409, a GHRH agonist, on feeding regulation remains to be evaluated. We investigated the effects of chronic subcutaneous administration of MIA-690 and MR-409 on feeding behavior and energy metabolism, in mice. Compared to vehicle, MIA-690 increased food intake and body weight, while MR-409 had no effect. Both analogs did not modify locomotor activity, as well as subcutaneous, visceral and brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass. A significant increase of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) gene expression and norepinephrine (NE) levels, along with a reduction of serotonin (5-HT) levels were found after MIA-690 treatment. MIA-690 was also found able to decrease gene expression of leptin in visceral adipose tissue. By contrast, MR-409 had no effect on the investigated markers. Concluding, chronic peripheral administration of MIA-690 could play an orexigenic role, paralleled by an increase in body weight. The stimulation of feeding could be mediated, albeit partially, by elevation of AgRP gene expression and NE levels and decreased 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus, along with reduced leptin gene expression, in the visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
| | | | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Gesmundo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, 10126, Italy.
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, 10126, Italy.
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Medical/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL33136 and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Wei Sha
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Medical/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL33136 and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Medical/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL33136 and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
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Xiang P, Jing W, Lin Y, Liu Q, Shen J, Hu X, Chen J, Cai R, Hare JM, Zhu W, Schally AV, Yu H. Improvement of cardiac and systemic function in old mice by agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8197-8207. [PMID: 34224586 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases portend disability, increase health expenditures, and cause late-life mortality. Synthetic agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) exhibit several favorable effects on heart function and remodeling. Here we assessed whether GHRH agonist MR409 can modulate heart function and systemic parameters in old mice. Starting at the age of 15 months, mice were injected subcutaneously with MR409 (10 µg/day, n = 8) or vehicle (n = 7) daily for 6 months. Mice treated with MR409 showed improvements in exercise activity, cardiac function, survival rate, immune function, and hair growth in comparison with the controls. More stem cell colonies were grown out of the bone marrow recovered from the MR409-treated mice. Mitochondrial functions of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from the MR409-treated mice were also significantly improved with more mitochondrial fusion. Fewer β-gal positive cells were observed in endothelial cells after 10 passages with MR409. In Doxorubicin-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes, cell senescence marker p21 and reactive oxygen species were significantly reduced after cultured with MR409. MR409 also improved cellular ATP production and oxygen consumption rate in Doxorubicin-treated H9C2 cells. Mitochondrial protein OPA1 long isoform was significantly increased after treatment with MR409. The effects of MR409 were mediated by GHRH receptor and protein kinase A (PKA). In short, GHRH agonist MR409 reversed the aging-associated changes with respect of heart function, mobility, hair growth, cellular energy production, and senescence biomarkers. The improvement of heart function may be related to a better mitochondrial functions through GHRH receptor/cAMP/PKA/OPA1 signaling pathway and relieved cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xiang
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangwei Jing
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sárközy M, Varga Z, Gáspár R, Szűcs G, Kovács MG, Kovács ZZA, Dux L, Kahán Z, Csont T. Pathomechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in radiation-induced heart disease: from bench to bedside. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:507-31. [PMID: 33591377 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer management has undergone significant improvements, which led to increased long-term survival rates among cancer patients. Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the treatment of thoracic tumors, including breast, lung, and esophageal cancer, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. RT aims to kill tumor cells; however, it may have deleterious side effects on the surrounding normal tissues. The syndrome of unwanted cardiovascular adverse effects of thoracic RT is termed radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), and the risk of developing RIHD is a critical concern in current oncology practice. Premature ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valve abnormalities, and electrical conduct defects are common forms of RIHD. The underlying mechanisms of RIHD are still not entirely clear, and specific therapeutic interventions are missing. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathomechanisms of acute and chronic RIHD and propose preventive measures and possible pharmacological strategies to minimize the burden of RIHD.
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Abstract
Significance: Regular exercise training can reduce myocardial damage caused by acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Exercise can reproduce the phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, due to the capacity of brief periods of ischemia to reduce myocardial damage caused by acute I/R. In addition, exercise may also activate the multiple kinase cascade responsible for cardioprotection even in the absence of ischemia. Recent Advances: Animal and human studies highlighted the fact that, besides to reduce risk factors related to cardiovascular disease, the beneficial effects of exercise are also due to its ability to induce conditioning of the heart. Exercise behaves as a physiological stress that triggers beneficial adaptive cellular responses, inducing a protective phenotype in the heart. The factors contributing to the exercise-induced heart preconditioning include stimulation of the anti-radical defense system and nitric oxide production, opioids, myokines, and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) dependent potassium channels. They appear to be also involved in the protective effect exerted by exercise against cardiotoxicity related to chemotherapy. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Although several experimental evidences on the protective effect of exercise have been obtained, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been fully clarified. Further studies are warranted to define precise exercise prescriptions in patients at risk of myocardial infarction or undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sports Physiology Lab., University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Li Z, Zhang N, Zhu L, Nan J, Shen J, Wang Z, Lin Y. Growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes therapeutic effects of peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic repair. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:315-328. [PMID: 31506908 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In peripheral artery disease, blockage of the blood supply to the limbs leads to blood flow attenuation and tissue ischemia. We investigated whether growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) could enhance the biological functions and therapeutic effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from adult human peripheral blood (PB). METHODS EPCs were isolated from human PB (PB-EPCs) and cord blood and expanded in vitro. PB-EPCs incubated with or without GHRH were evaluated for proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis capacity and apoptosis rates under oxidative stress conditions. Activation of STAT3 and Akt pathways was evaluated using Western blot. A hind-limb ischemia (HLI) mouse model was used to study the efficacy of GHRH in improving EPC therapy in vivo. RESULTS GHRH enhanced the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis capacity of PB-EPCs and reduced apoptosis under H2O2 stimulation. These beneficial effects were GHRH receptor-dependent and were paralleled by increased phosphorylation of STAT3 and Akt. Transplantation of GHRH-preconditioned EPCs into HLI model mice enhanced blood flow recovery by increasing vascular formation density and enhanced tissue regeneration at the lesion site. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate a novel role for GHRH in dramatically improving therapeutic angiogenesis in HLI by enhancing the biological functions of EPCs. These findings support additional studies to explore the full potential of GHRH in augmenting cell therapy for the management of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Research Institute of Experimental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - N Zhang
- Research Institute of Experimental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhu
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J Nan
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J Shen
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Schally AV, Zhang X, Cai R, Hare JM, Granata R, Bartoli M. Actions and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1600-1612. [PMID: 31070727 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we briefly review the identification of GHRH, provide an abridged overview of GHRH antagonists, and focus on studies with GHRH agonists. Potent GHRH agonists of JI and MR class were synthesized and evaluated biologically. Besides the induction of the release of pituitary GH, GHRH analogs promote cell proliferation and exert stimulatory effects on various tissues, which express GHRH receptors (GHRH-Rs). A large body of work shows that GHRH agonists, such as MR-409, improve pancreatic β-cell proliferation and metabolic functions and facilitate engraftment of islets after transplantation in rodents. Accordingly, GHRH agonists offer a new therapeutic approach to treating diabetes. Various studies demonstrate that GHRH agonists promote repair of cardiac tissue, producing improvement of ejection fraction and reduction of infarct size in rats, reduction of infarct scar in swine, and attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in mice, suggesting clinical applications. The presence of GHRH-Rs in ocular tissues and neuroprotective effects of GHRH analogs in experimental diabetic retinopathy indicates their possible therapeutic applications for eye diseases. Other effects of GHRH agonists, include acceleration of wound healing, activation of immune cells, and action on the central nervous system. As GHRH might function as a growth factor, we examined effects of GHRH agonists on tumors. In vitro, GHRH agonists stimulate growth of human cancer cells and upregulate GHRH-Rs. However, in vivo, GHRH agonists inhibit growth of human cancers xenografted into nude mice and downregulate pituitary and tumoral GHRH-Rs. Therapeutic applications of GHRH analogs are discussed. The development of GHRH analogs should lead to their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xianyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Hadebe N, Cour M, Lecour S. The SAFE pathway for cardioprotection: is this a promising target? Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yao Y, Zhang B, Zhu H, Li H, Han Y, Chen K, Wang Z, Zeng J, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Y, He D, Lin P, Zhou X, Park KH, Bian Z, Chen Z, Gong N, Tan T, Zhou J, Zhang M, Ma J, Zeng C. MG53 permeates through blood-brain barrier to protect ischemic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22474-85. [PMID: 26967557 PMCID: PMC5008374 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic injury to neurons represents the underlying cause of stroke to the brain. Our previous studies identified MG53 as an essential component of the cell membrane repair machinery. Here we show that the recombinant human (rh)MG53 protein facilitates repair of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the brain. MG53 rapidly moves to acute injury sites on neuronal cells to form a membrane repair patch. IR-induced brain injury increases permeability of the blood-brain-barrier, providing access of MG53 from blood circulation to target the injured brain tissues. Exogenous rhMG53 protein can protect cultured neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damages. Transgenic mice with increased levels of MG53 in the bloodstream are resistant to IR-induced brain injury. Intravenous administration of rhMG53, either prior to or after ischemia, can effectively alleviate brain injuries in rats. rhMG53-mediated neuroprotection involves suppression of apoptotic neuronal cell death, as well as activation of the pro-survival RISK signaling pathway. Our data indicate a physiological function for MG53 in the brain and suggest that targeting membrane repair or RISK signaling may be an effective means to treat ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haichang Li
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Duofen He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Peihui Lin
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zehua Bian
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Kansas City University of Medicine & Bioscience, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
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10
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Gesmundo I, Miragoli M, Carullo P, Trovato L, Larcher V, Di Pasquale E, Brancaccio M, Mazzola M, Villanova T, Sorge M, Taliano M, Gallo MP, Alloatti G, Penna C, Hare JM, Ghigo E, Schally AV, Condorelli G, Granata R. Growth hormone-releasing hormone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12033-8. [PMID: 29078377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712612114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by heart growth in response to pressure or volume overload, such as in the setting of hypertension, is the main risk factor for heart failure (HF). The identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse cardiac hypertrophy is therefore a priority for curing HF. It is known that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) displays cardioprotective functions; however, its therapeutic potential in hypertrophy and HF is unknown. Here we show that GHRH reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro through inhibition of hypertrophic pathways. In vivo, the GHRH analog MR-409 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and improves cardiac function. These findings suggest therapeutic use of GHRH analogs for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and HF. It has been shown that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) reduces cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis, prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves cardiac function in ischemic rat hearts. However, it is still not known whether GHRH would be beneficial for life-threatening pathological conditions, like cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Thus, we tested the myocardial therapeutic potential of GHRH stimulation in vitro and in vivo, using GHRH or its agonistic analog MR-409. We show that in vitro, GHRH(1-44)NH2 attenuates phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiac cells, adult rat ventricular myocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs, decreasing expression of hypertrophic genes and regulating hypertrophic pathways. Underlying mechanisms included blockade of Gq signaling and its downstream components phospholipase Cβ, protein kinase Cε, calcineurin, and phospholamban. The receptor-dependent effects of GHRH also involved activation of Gαs and cAMP/PKA, and inhibition of increase in exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (Epac1). In vivo, MR-409 mitigated cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and improved cardiac function. Moreover, CMs isolated from transverse aortic constriction mice treated with MR-409 showed improved contractility and reversal of sarcolemmal structure. Overall, these results identify GHRH as an antihypertrophic regulator, underlying its therapeutic potential for HF, and suggest possible beneficial use of its analogs for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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11
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Gedik N, Kottenberg E, Thielmann M, Frey UH, Jakob H, Peters J, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Potential humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12660. [PMID: 28978919 PMCID: PMC5627278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia/reperfusion may reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improve patients‘ prognosis after elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 activation in left ventricular myocardium is associated with RIPC´s cardioprotection. Cytokines and growth hormones typically activate STATs and could therefore act as humoral transfer factors of RIPC´s cardioprotection. We here determined arterial plasma concentrations of 25 different cytokines, growth hormones, and other factors which have previously been associated with cardioprotection, before (baseline)/after RIPC or placebo (n = 23/23), respectively, and before/after ischemic cardioplegic arrest in CABG patients. RIPC-induced protection was reflected by a 35% reduction of serum troponin I release. With the exception of interleukin-1α, none of the humoral factors changed in their concentrations after RIPC or placebo, respectively. Interleukin-1α, when normalized to baseline, increased after RIPC (280 ± 56%) but not with placebo (97 ± 15%). The interleukin-1α concentration remained increased until after ischemic cardioplegic arrest and was also higher than with placebo in absolute concentrations (25 ± 6 versus 16 ± 3 pg/mL). Only interleukin-1α possibly fulfills the criteria which would be expected from a substance to be released in response to RIPC and to protect the myocardium during ischemic cardioplegic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Kottenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Jakob
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany.
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12
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Penna C, Tullio F, Femminò S, Rocca C, Angelone T, Cerra MC, Gallo MP, Gesmundo I, Fanciulli A, Brizzi MF, Pagliaro P, Alloatti G, Granata R. Obestatin regulates cardiovascular function and promotes cardioprotection through the nitric oxide pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3670-3678. [PMID: 28744974 PMCID: PMC5706590 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with ischaemic heart disease or chronic heart failure show altered levels of obestatin, suggesting a role for this peptide in human heart function. We have previously demonstrated that GH secretagogues and the ghrelin gene-derived peptides, including obestatin, exert cardiovascular effects by modulating cardiac inotropism and vascular tone, and reducing cell death and contractile dysfunction in hearts subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), through the Akt/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying the cardiac actions of obestatin remain largely unknown. Thus, we suggested that obestatin-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/NO and PKG signalling is implicated in protection of the myocardium when challenged by adrenergic, endothelinergic or I/R stress. We show that obestatin exerts an inhibitory tone on the performance of rat papillary muscle in both basal conditions and under β-adrenergic overstimulation, through endothelial-dependent NO/cGMP/PKG signalling. This pathway was also involved in the vasodilator effect of the peptide, used both alone and under stress induced by endothelin-1. Moreover, when infused during early reperfusion, obestatin reduced infarct size in isolated I/R rat hearts, through an NO/PKG pathway, comprising ROS/PKC signalling, and converging on mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium [mitoK(ATP)] channels. Overall, our results suggest that obestatin regulates cardiovascular function in stress conditions and induces cardioprotection by mechanisms dependent on activation of an NO/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/PKG pathway. In fact, obestatin counteracts exaggerated β-adrenergic and endothelin-1 activity, relevant factors in heart failure, suggesting multiple positive effects of the peptide, including the lowering of cardiac afterload, thus representing a potential candidate in pharmacological post-conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biology, Ecology and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biology, Ecology and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biology, Ecology and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Iacopo Gesmundo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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13
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Xia X, Tao Q, Ma Q, Chen H, Wang J, Yu H. Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Analogues: Significance for MSCs-Mediated Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8737589. [PMID: 27774107 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8737589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine because of their multipotency, immune-privilege, and paracrine properties including the potential to promote angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the inherent properties of cytoprotection and tissue repair by native MSCs can be enhanced by various preconditioning stimuli implemented prior to cell transplantation. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a stimulator in extrahypothalamus systems including tumors, has attracted great attentions in recent years because GHRH and its agonists could promote angiogenesis in various tissues. GHRH and its agonists are proangiogenic in responsive tissues including tumors, and GHRH antagonists have been tested as antitumor agents through their ability to suppress angiogenesis and cell growth. GHRH-R is expressed by MSCs and evolving work from our laboratory indicates that treatment of MSCs with GHRH agonists prior to cell transplantation markedly enhanced the angiogenic potential and tissue reparative properties of MSCs through a STAT3 signaling pathway. In this review we summarized the possible effects of GHRH analogues on cell growth and development, as well as on the proangiogenic properties of MSCs. We also discussed the relationship between GHRH analogues and MSC-mediated angiogenesis. The analyses provide new insights into molecular pathways of MSCs-based therapies and their augmentation by GHRH analogues.
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14
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Kiscsatári L, Varga Z, Schally AV, Gáspár R, Nagy CT, Giricz Z, Ferdinandy P, Fábián G, Kahán Z, Görbe A. Protection of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes against radiation-induced damage with agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:859-866. [PMID: 27480202 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great clinical significance of radiation-induced cardiac damage, experimental investigation of its mechanisms is an unmet need in medicine. Beneficial effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) agonists in regeneration of the heart have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the potential of modern GHRH agonistic analogs in prevention of radiation damage in an in vitro cardiac myocyte-based model. Cultures of cardiac myocytes isolated from newborn rats (NRVM) were exposed to a radiation dose of 10Gy. The effects of the agonistic analogs, JI-34 and MR-356, of human GHRH on cell viability, proliferation, their mechanism of action and the protein expression of the GHRH/SV1 receptors were studied. JI-34 and MR-356, had no effect on cell viability or proliferation in unirradiated cultures. However, in irradiated cells JI-34 showed protective effects on cell viability at concentrations of 10 and 100nM, and MR-356 at 500nM; but no such protective effect was detected on cell proliferation. Both agonistic analogs decreased radiation-induced ROS level and JI-34 interfered with the activation of SAFE/RISK pathways. Using Western blot analysis, a 52kDa protein isoform of GHRHR was detected in the samples in both irradiated and unirradiated cells. Since GHRH agonistic analogs, JI-34 and MR-356 alleviated radiation-induced damage of cardiac myocytes, they should be tested in vivo as potential protective agents against radiogenic heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kiscsatári
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami FL, USA and Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fábián
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates GH synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition to its endocrine role, GHRH exerts a wide range of extrapituitary effects which include stimulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Accordingly, expression of GHRH, as well as the receptor GHRH-R and its splice variants, has been demonstrated in different peripheral tissues and cell types. Among the direct peripheral activities, GHRH regulates pancreatic islet and β-cell survival and function and endometrial cell proliferation, promotes cardioprotection and wound healing, influences the immune and reproductive systems, reduces inflammation, indirectly increases lifespan and adiposity and acts on skeletal muscle cells to inhibit cell death and atrophy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly clear that GHRH exerts important extrapituitary functions, suggesting potential therapeutic use of the peptide and its analogs in a wide range of medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Granata
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti, 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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16
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Ma Q, Xia X, Tao Q, Lu K, Shen J, Xu Q, Hu X, Tang Y, Block NL, Webster KA, Schally AV, Wang J, Yu H. Profound Actions of an Agonist of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone on Angiogenic Therapy by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:663-672. [PMID: 26868211 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The efficiency of cell therapy is limited by poor cell survival and engraftment. Here, we studied the effect of the growth hormone-releasing hormone agonist, JI-34, on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) survival and angiogenic therapy in a mouse model of critical limb ischemia. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were incubated with or without 10(-8) mol/L JI-34 for 24 hours. MSCs were then exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation to detect the effect of preconditioning on cell apoptosis, migration, and tube formation. For in vivo tests, critical limb ischemia was induced by femoral artery ligation. After surgery, mice received 50 μL phosphate-buffered saline or with 1×10(6) MSCs or with 1×10(6) JI-34-reconditioned MSCs. Treatment of MSCs with JI-34 improved MSC viability and mobility and markedly enhanced their capability to promote endothelial tube formation in vitro. These effects were paralleled by an increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In vivo, JI-34 pretreatment enhanced the engraftment of MSCs into ischemic hindlimb muscles and augmented reperfusion and limb salvage compared with untreated MSCs. Significantly more vasculature and proliferating CD31(+) and CD34(+) cells were detected in ischemic muscles that received MSCs treated with JI-34. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate a novel role for JI-34 to markedly improve therapeutic angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by increasing the viability and mobility of MSCs. These findings support additional studies to explore the full potential of growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists to augment cell therapy in the management of ischemia.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/agonists
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- Hindlimb
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Ischemia/therapy
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/agonists
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/agonists
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Time Factors
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17
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Pasqua T, Tota B, Penna C, Corti A, Cerra MC, Loh Y P, Angelone T. pGlu-serpinin protects the normotensive and hypertensive heart from ischemic injury. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:167-178. [PMID: 26400960 PMCID: PMC4651656 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serpinin peptides derive from proteolytic cleavage of Chromogranin-A at C-terminus. Serpinin and the more potent pyroglutaminated-serpinin (pGlu-Serp) are positive cardiac β-adrenergic-like modulators, acting through β1-AR/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway. Because in some conditions this pathway and/or other pro-survival pathways, activated by other Chromogranin-A fragments, may cross-talk and may be protective, here we explored whether pGlu-Serp cardioprotects against ischemia/reperfusion injury under normotensive and hypertensive conditions. In the latter condition, cardioprotection is often blunted because of the limitations on pro-survival Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinases (RISK) pathway activation. The effects of pGlu-Serp were evaluated on infarct size (IS) and cardiac function by using the isolated and Langendorff perfused heart of normotensive (Wistar Kyoto, WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats exposed to ischemic pre-conditioning (PreC) and post-conditioning (PostC). In both WKY and SHR rat, pGlu-Serp induced mild cardioprotection in both PreC and PostC. pGlu-Serp administered at the reperfusion (Serp-PostC) significantly reduced IS, being more protective in SHR than in WKY. Conversely, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP) post-ischemic recovery was greater in WKY than in SHR. pGlu-Serp-PostC reduced contracture in both strains. Co-infusion with specific RISK inhibitors (PI3K/Akt, MitoKATP channels and PKC) blocked the pGlu-Serp-PostC protective effects. To show direct effect on cardiomyocytes, we pre-treated H9c2 cells with pGlu-Serp, which were thus protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results suggest pGlu-Serp as a potential modulatory agent implicated in the protective processes that can limit infarct size and overcome the hypertension-induced failure of PostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pasqua
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - B Tota
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - C Penna
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Cerra
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - P Loh Y
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892, USA
| | - T Angelone
- Dept of Biology, Ecology, and E.S., University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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18
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Gallo D, Gesmundo I, Trovato L, Pera G, Gargantini E, Minetto MA, Ghigo E, Granata R. GH-Releasing Hormone Promotes Survival and Prevents TNF-α-Induced Apoptosis and Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3239-52. [PMID: 26110916 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a consequence of different chronic diseases, including cancer, heart failure, and diabetes, and also occurs in aging and genetic myopathies. It results from an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes, and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, have been found elevated in muscle atrophy and implicated in its pathogenesis. GHRH, in addition to stimulating GH secretion from the pituitary, exerts survival and antiapoptotic effects in different cell types. Moreover, we and others have recently shown that GHRH displays antiapoptotic effects in isolated cardiac myocytes and protects the isolated heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction in vivo. On these bases, we investigated the effects of GHRH on survival and apoptosis of TNF-α-treated C2C12 myotubes along with the underlying mechanisms. GHRH increased myotube survival and prevented TNF-α-induced apoptosis through GHRH receptor-mediated mechanisms. These effects involved activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin was unaffected. GHRH also increased the expression of myosin heavy chain and the myogenic transcription factor myogenin, which were both reduced by the cytokine. Furthermore, GHRH inhibited TNF-α-induced expression of nuclear factor-κB, calpain, and muscle ring finger1, which are all involved in muscle protein degradation. In summary, these results indicate that GHRH exerts survival and antiapoptotic effects in skeletal muscle cells through the activation of anabolic pathways and the inhibition of proteolytic routes. Overall, our findings suggest a novel therapeutic role for GHRH in the treatment of muscle atrophy-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gallo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Iacopo Gesmundo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Trovato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Pera
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gargantini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandro Minetto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., R.G.), and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (D.G., I.G., L.T., G.P., E.Ga., M.A.M., E.Gh., R.G.), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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19
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Abstract
The coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. This disease has a complex pathophysiology that includes multiple mechanisms. Among these is the oxidative/nitrosative stress. Paradoxically, oxidative/nitrosative signaling plays a major role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this context, the gas transmitter nitric oxide may act through several mechanisms, such as guanylyl cyclase activation and via S-nitrosylation of proteins. The latter is a covalent modification of a protein cysteine thiol by a nitric oxide-group that generates an S-nitrosothiol. Here, we report data showing that nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation of proteins play a pivotal role not only in preconditioning but also in postconditioning cardioprotection.
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Bagno LL, Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Suncion VY, Golpanian S, Karantalis V, Wolf A, Wang B, Premer C, Balkan W, Rodriguez J, Valdes D, Rosado M, Block NL, Goldstein P, Morales A, Cai RZ, Sha W, Schally AV, Hare JM. Growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists reduce myocardial infarct scar in swine with subacute ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3883. [PMID: 25827134 PMCID: PMC4579962 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists (GHRH-As) stimulate cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI) in rats through the activation of the GHRH signaling pathway within the heart. We tested the hypothesis that the administration of GHRH-As prevents ventricular remodeling in a swine subacute MI model. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve female Yorkshire swine (25 to 30 kg) underwent transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (MI). Two weeks post MI, swine were randomized to receive injections of either 30 μg/kg GHRH-A (MR-409) (GHRH-A group; n=6) or vehicle (placebo group; n=6). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and pressure-volume loops were obtained at multiple time points. Infarct, border, and remote (noninfarcted) zones were assessed for GHRH receptor by immunohistochemistry. Four weeks of GHRH-A treatment resulted in reduced scar mass (GHRH-A: -21.9 ± 6.42%; P=0.02; placebo: 10.9 ± 5.88%; P=0.25; 2-way ANOVA; P=0.003), and scar size (percentage of left ventricular mass) (GHRH-A: -38.38 ± 4.63; P=0.0002; placebo: -14.56 ± 6.92; P=0.16; 2-way ANOVA; P=0.02). This was accompanied by improved diastolic strain. Unlike in rats, this reduced infarct size in swine was not accompanied by improved cardiac function as measured by serial hemodynamic pressure-volume analysis. GHRH receptors were abundant in cardiac tissue, with a greater density in the border zone of the GHRH-A group compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Daily subcutaneous administration of GHRH-A is feasible and safe in a large animal model of subacute ischemic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, GHRH-A therapy significantly reduced infarct size and improved diastolic strain, suggesting a local activation of the GHRH pathway leading to the reparative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza L Bagno
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.) Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (R.M.K.T., C.P., J.M.H.)
| | - Viky Y Suncion
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Vasileios Karantalis
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Courtney Premer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.) Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (R.M.K.T., C.P., J.M.H.)
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - David Valdes
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Marcos Rosado
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.)
| | - Norman L Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (N.L.B., A.M., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S., J.M.H.) Bruce A. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL (N.L.B., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S.)
| | | | - Azorides Morales
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (N.L.B., A.M., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S., J.M.H.)
| | - Ren-Zhi Cai
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (N.L.B., A.M., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S., J.M.H.) Bruce A. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL (N.L.B., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S.)
| | - Wei Sha
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (N.L.B., A.M., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S., J.M.H.) Bruce A. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL (N.L.B., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S.)
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (N.L.B., A.M., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S., J.M.H.) Bruce A. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL (N.L.B., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (L.L.B., R.M.K.T., V.Y.S., S.G., V.K., A.W., B.W., C.P., W.B., J.R., D.V., M.R., J.M.H.) Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (N.L.B., A.M., R.Z.C., W.S., A.V.S., J.M.H.) Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (R.M.K.T., C.P., J.M.H.)
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Wang M, Sun GB, Zhang JY, Luo Y, Yu YL, Xu XD, Meng XB, Zhang MD, Lin WB, Sun XB. Elatoside C protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the modulation of oxidative stress and intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:167-76. [PMID: 25796004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that Elatoside C reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Here, we investigated whether Elatoside C improves heart function in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved in Elatoside C-induced protection. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischaemia followed by reperfusion in the absence or presence of Elatoside C. We found that Elatoside C significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Consistently, Elatoside C prevented I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which was evident by the inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and Bax translocation. Moreover, Elatoside C improved abnormal calcium handling during I/R, including increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2) activity, alleviating [Ca(2+)]ER depletion, and reducing the expression levels of ER stress protein markers. All of these protective effects of Elatoside C were partially abolished by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490. Further assessment in isolated cardiomyocytes showed that Elatoside C maintained the Ca(2+) transients and cell shortening against I/R. CONCLUSIONS Elatoside C protects against cardiac injury during I/R by attenuating oxidative stress and [Ca(2+)]i overload through the activation of both the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway (including PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2) and the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway (including JAK2/STAT3) and, subsequently, inhibiting the opening of mPTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying-Li Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiang-Bao Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Miao-di Zhang
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Lin
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Florea V, Majid SS, Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Cai RZ, Block NL, Schally AV, Hare JM, Rodrigues CO. Agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulate self-renewal of cardiac stem cells and promote their survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17260-5. [PMID: 25404316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420375111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) in heart failure models are associated with an increase in the number of ckit(+) cardiac stem cells (CSCs). The goal of the present study was to determine the presence of GHRH-R in CSCs, the effect of GHRH-R agonists on their proliferation and survival, and the mechanisms involved. We investigated the expression of GHRH-R in CSCs of different species and the effect of GHRH-R agonists on their cell proliferation and survival. GHRH-R is expressed in ckit(+) CSCs isolated from mouse, rat, and pig. Treatment of porcine CSCs with the GHRH-R agonist JI-38 significantly increased the rate of cell division. Similar results were observed with other GHRH-R agonists, MR-356 and MR-409. JI-38 exerted a protective effect on survival of porcine CSCs under conditions of oxidative stress induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Treatment with JI-38 before exposure to peroxide significantly reduced cell death. A similar effect was observed with MR-356. Addition of GHRH-R agonists to porcine CSCs induced activation of ERK and AKT pathways as determined by increased expression of phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT. Inhibitors of ERK and AKT pathways completely reversed the effect of GHRH-R agonists on CSC proliferation. Our findings extend the observations of the expression of GHRH-R by CSCs and demonstrate that GHRH-R agonists have a direct effect on proliferation and survival of CSCs. These results support the therapeutic use of GHRH-R agonists for stimulating endogenous mechanisms for myocardial repair or for preconditioning of stem cells before transplantation.
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Cai R, Schally AV, Cui T, Szalontay L, Halmos G, Sha W, Kovacs M, Jaszberenyi M, He J, Rick FG, Popovics P, Kanashiro-Takeuchi R, Hare JM, Block NL, Zarandi M. Synthesis of new potent agonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and evaluation of their endocrine and cardiac activities. Peptides 2014; 52:104-12. [PMID: 24373935 PMCID: PMC4745889 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In view of the recent findings of stimulatory effects of GHRH analogs, JI-34, JI-36 and JI-38, on cardiomyocytes, pancreatic islets and wound healing, three series of new analogs of GHRH(1-29) have been synthesized and evaluated biologically in an endeavor to produce more potent compounds. "Agmatine analogs", MR-356 (N-Me-Tyr(1)-JI-38), MR-361(N-Me-Tyr(1), D-Ala(2)-JI-38) and MR-367(N-Me-Tyr(1), D-Ala(2), Asn(8)-JI-38), in which Dat in JI-38 is replaced by N-Me-Tyr(1), showed improved relative potencies on GH release upon subcutaneous administration in vivo and binding in vitro. Modification with N-Me-Tyr(1) and Arg(29)-NHCH3 as in MR-403 (N-Me-Tyr(1), D-Ala(2), Arg(29)-NHCH3-JI-38), MR-406 (N-Me-Tyr(1), Arg(29)-NHCH3-JI-38) and MR-409 (N-Me-Tyr(1), D-Ala(2), Asn(8), Arg(29)-NHCH3-JI-38), and MR-410 (N-Me-Tyr(1), D-Ala(2), Thr(8), Arg(29)-NHCH3-JI-38) resulted in dramatically increased endocrine activities. These appear to be the most potent GHRH agonistic analogs so far developed. Analogs with Apa(30)-NH2 such as MR-326 (N-Me-Tyr(1), D-Ala(2), Arg(29), Apa(30)-NH2-JI-38), and with Gab(30)-NH2, as MR-502 (D-Ala(2), 5F-Phe(6), Ser(28), Arg(29),Gab(30)-NH2-JI-38) also exhibited much higher potency than JI-38 upon i.v. administration. The relationship between the GH-releasing potency and the analog structure is discussed. Fourteen GHRH agonists with the highest endocrine potencies were subjected to cardiologic tests. MR-409 and MR-356 exhibited higher potency than JI-38 in activating myocardial repair in rats with induced myocardial infarction. As the previous class of analogs, exemplified by JI-38, had shown promising results in multiple fields including cardiology, diabetes and wound healing, our new, more potent, GHRH agonists should manifest additional efficacy for possible medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Cai
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Tengjiao Cui
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Luca Szalontay
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gabor Halmos
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wei Sha
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Magdolna Kovacs
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Miklos Jaszberenyi
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jinlin He
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ferenc G Rick
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Urology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Petra Popovics
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rosemeire Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norman L Block
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marta Zarandi
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States; South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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