1
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Mahant AM, Guerguis S, Blevins TP, Cheshenko N, Gao W, Anastos K, Belshe RB, Herold BC. Failure of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Antibodies to Elicit Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: Implications for Future Vaccines. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1489-1498. [PMID: 35834278 PMCID: PMC10205893 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycoprotein D (gD)/AS04 vaccine failed to prevent herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 in clinical trials. Failure was recapitulated in mice, in which the vaccine elicited neutralizing antibody but not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. Preclinical findings suggest that ADCC is important for protection, but the clinical data are limited. We hypothesized that gD/AS04 and acute HSV-2 infection elicit primarily neutralizing antibodies, whereas ADCC emerges over time. METHODS HSV-specific immunoglobulin G, subclass, function (neutralization, C1q binding and ADCC), and antigenic targets were compared (paired t test or Mann-Whitney U test) at enrollment and after gD/AS04 vaccination, before and after HSV-2 acquisition in vaccine controls, and in an independent cohort with chronic HSV-2 infection. RESULTS Vaccination elicited only a neutralizing antibody response, whereas acute infection elicited neutralizing and C1q-binding antibodies but not a significant ADCC response. Antibodies to gD were exclusively immunoglobulin G1 and only neutralizing. In contrast, women with chronic HSV-2 infection had significantly greater ADCC responses and targeted a broader range of viral antigens compared with acutely infected or gD/AS04 vaccine recipients (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results from gD/AS04 vaccinated or acutely infected women recapitulate murine findings of limited functional antibody responses, supporting the speculation that vaccines that generate polyfunctional and specifically ADCC responses may be required to prevent HSV-2 acquisition and limit recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Mahant Mahant
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Guerguis
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tamara P Blevins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Natalia Cheshenko
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Robert B Belshe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Betsy C Herold
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of neonatal mortality among infants born to women living with HIV in the UK and Ireland in 1998-2017, describe causes of neonatal death (NND) and examine risk factors. DESIGN Population-based surveillance of pregnancies in diagnosed women living with HIV and their infants in the UK and Ireland. METHODS Estimated incidence of NND was reported for 1998-2017 and causes coded using the World Health Organization International Classification of Perinatal Mortality. Risk factor analyses used multivariable logistic regression, including delivery year, maternal origin, maternal age, delivery CD4+ cell count and viral load (VL), antiretroviral therapy (ART) at conception, preterm delivery (PTD), injecting drug use and infant sex. RESULTS There were 20 012 live-born infants delivered to 12 684 mothers in 19 601 pregnancies. The overall neonatal mortality rate was 4.10 per 1000 livebirths (95% confidence interval, 3.2-5.0), which was higher than that of the general population. Prematurity was the leading cause of death followed by congenital abnormality. Most NND occurred on the first day of life. ART at conception was associated with significantly reduced NND risk. In a restricted 2007-2017 analysis including VL, PTD and detectable maternal VL were associated with significantly increased NND risk. CONCLUSIONS The vertical transmission rate in the UK, at 3 per 1000, is now lower than the neonatal mortality rate among infants born to women living with HIV. More research is needed to investigate the complex relationship between ART, preterm delivery and neonatal death in order to improve all perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Yan
- Population, Practice and Policy Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Chagomerana MB, Hosseinipour MC, Pilotto JH, Badal-Faesen S, Nyirenda M, Shava E, Godbole SV, Akelo V, Chariyalertsak S, Panchia R, Cohen M. Sexually transmitted infections among HIV serodiscordant partners: A secondary analysis of HIV Prevention Trial Network 052. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 32:1204-1211. [PMID: 34233535 DOI: 10.1177/09564624211030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a public health concern because of their interaction(s) with HIV. In the HPTN 052 study, STIs were evaluated in both HIV-positive index cases and their HIV-negative partners at enrollment and at yearly follow-up visits. Our definition for STI was based on any infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. We used log-binomial regression models to identify factors associated with prevalent STIs. Generalized estimating equation models with the Poisson distribution were used to compare STI incidence between HIV-positive index cases and HIV-negative partners. 8.1% of the participants had STIs at enrollment. The prevalence of STIs (8.9 vs. 7.2) was higher in HIV-positive index cases than HIV-negative partners. Being female (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.20-2.16) or unmarried (PR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.17-3.14) was associated with prevalent STIs. Compared to HIV-negative male partners, HIV-positive female index cases had a higher risk of STI acquisition (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.70-2.97). While we are implementing HIV prevention interventions for HIV-negative people, we should also intensify targeted STI prevention interventions, especially among HIV-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maganizo B Chagomerana
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Medicine, 6797University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Medicine, 6797University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose Henrique Pilotto
- Hospital Geral de Nova Iguacu and Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular-IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sharlaa Badal-Faesen
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, 37707University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mulinda Nyirenda
- Johns Hopkins Project, 37610University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Emily Shava
- Botswana Harvard Aids Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Victor Akelo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Suwat Chariyalertsak
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Faculty of Public Health, 26682Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Thailand
| | - Ravindre Panchia
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, 37707University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto HPTN CRS, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Myron Cohen
- Department of Medicine, 6797University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Behzadi MA, Davarpanah MA, Namayandeh M, Pourabbas B, Allahyari S, Ziyaeyan M. Molecular diagnosis of genital tract infections among HIV-positive women in Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2018; 10:233-241. [PMID: 30483375 PMCID: PMC6243152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are usually at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than others. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and associated risk factors among HIV-infected women in Fars province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, cervical swab samples were collected from 71 HIV-infected women, aged 17-45 years (mean ± standard deviation: 31.11 ± 6.58 years), and tested for HPV, HSV, CT, and NG using PCR assays. RESULTS Overall, 77.5% of patients were positive for the tested STIs with the following distribution: 36 (50.7%) HPV, 7 (9.9%) HSV, 4 (5.6%) NG, and 27 (38%) CT. From those, 39 (55%) were positive for only one infection, while 16 (22.5%) were positive for multiple infections. We observed that the prevalence of all tested STIs increased by age, except for HSV which showed a slight decrease, although not statistically significant. Socio-economic factors such as low educational level, multiple sex partners, and being a sex worker significantly correlated with higher positive prevalence of STIs in the studied population. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of STIs was observed among HIV-infected women in this region. These data might prompt policy makers and STI experts to focus on providing a comprehensive sex education, including participation in screening programs for STIs among high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Namayandeh
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Pourabbas
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheyla Allahyari
- HIV Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazyar Ziyaeyan
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Mazyar Ziyaeyan, Ph.D, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel: +98-71-36474304, Fax: +98-71-36474303,
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5
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Aebi-Popp K, Bailey H, Malyuta R, Volokha A, Thorne C. High prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)- type 2 co-infection among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, but no increased HIV mother-to-child transmission risk. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:94. [PMID: 27121953 PMCID: PMC4848860 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 3500 HIV-positive women give birth annually in Ukraine, a setting with high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) co-infection may increase HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) risk. We explored factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, and its impact on HIV MTCT. Methods Data on 1513 HIV-positive women enrolled in the Ukraine European Collaborative Study from 2007 to 2012 were analysed. Poisson and logistic regression models respectively were fit to investigate factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity and HIV MTCT. Results Median maternal age was 27 years (IQR 24–31), 53 % (796/1513) had been diagnosed with HIV during their most recent pregnancy and 20 % had a history of injecting drugs. Median antenatal CD4 count was 430 cells/mm3 (IQR 290–580). Ninety-six percent had received antiretroviral therapy antenatally. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 68 % (1026/1513). In adjusted analyses, factors associated with HSV-2 antibodies were history of pregnancy termination (APR 1.30 (95 % CI 1.18–1.43) for ≥2 vs. 0), having an HIV-positive partner (APR 1.15 (95 % CI 1.05–1.26) vs partner’s HIV status unknown) and HCV seropositivity (APR 1.23 (95 % CI 1.13–1.35)). The overall HIV MTCT rate was 2.80 % (95 % CI 1.98–3.84); no increased HIV MTCT risk was detected among HSV-2 seropositive women after adjusting for known risk factors (AOR 1.43 (95 % CI 0.54–3.77). Conclusion No increased risk of HIV MTCT was detected among the 68 % of HIV-positive women with antibodies to HSV-2, in this population with an overall HIV MTCT rate of 2.8 %. Markers of ongoing sexual risk among HIV-positive HSV-2 seronegative women indicate the importance of interventions to prevent primary HSV-2 infection during pregnancy in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Aebi-Popp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Heather Bailey
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruslan Malyuta
- Perinatal Prevention of AIDS Initiative, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Alla Volokha
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Claire Thorne
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Churchman SA, Moss JA, Baum MM. Accurate measurement of female genital tract fluid dilution in cervicovaginal lavage samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:75-81. [PMID: 26950030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An ion chromatographic method with conductivity detection for the precise and accurate analysis of lithium ions in phosphate-buffered saline, used as a cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid, was developed and validated. The lithium ion dilution factor during the CVL is used to calculate the volume of cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) collected. Initial CVL Li(+) concentrations of 1mM and 10mM were evaluated. The method is robust, practical, and afforded an accurate measurement (5% of the measurement, or better) at 24μL of vaginal fluid simulant collected per mL of CVL fluid, as low as 5μLmL(-1) using 10mM Li(+) with a measurement accuracy of 6.7%. Ion chromatograms of real-world CVL samples collected in vivo from common animal models (sheep and pig-tailed macaque) and a human volunteer demonstrate that the analysis is interference-free. The method is readily transferrable and should enable the accurate measurement of CVF volume collected during CVLs benefitting a broad range of research disciplines, including pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, metabolomic, and microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Churchman
- Auritec Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2285 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - John A Moss
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Marc M Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, CA, United States.
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7
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Low AJ, Nagot N, Weiss HA, Konate I, Kania D, Segondy M, Meda N, van de Perre P, Mayaud P. Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Cervicovaginal Shedding Among Women Living With HIV-1 and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Burkina Faso: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:731-7. [PMID: 26475931 PMCID: PMC4747618 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) replication is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA shedding and genital ulcer disease (GUD) in a cohort of women living with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in Burkina Faso. Methods. Participants were screened for cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA, GUD, cervicovaginal and systemic HIV-1 RNA, and reproductive tract infections every 3–6 months over 8 years. Associations with HSV-2 shedding and quantity were examined using random-effects logistic and linear regression, respectively. Results. Of the 236 women with data on HSV-2 shedding, 151 took ART during the study period. Cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA was detected in 42% of women (99 of 236) in 8.2% of visits (151 of 1848). ART was associated with a reduction in the odds of HSV-2 shedding, which declined for each year of ART use (odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .59–.92). In the multivariable model, the impact of ART was primarily associated with suppression of systemic HIV-1 RNA (adjusted OR, 0.32; 95% CI, .15–.67). A reduction in the odds of GUD was also observed during ART, mainly in those with HIV-1 suppression (adjusted OR, 0.53; 95% CI, .25–1.11). Conclusions. ART is strongly associated with a decrease in cervicovaginal HSV-2 shedding, and the impact was sustained over several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Low
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- UMR 1058 University of Montpellier Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Helen A Weiss
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michel Segondy
- UMR 1058 University of Montpellier Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Mayaud
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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8
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Liu J, Yi Y, Chen W, Si S, Yin M, Jin H, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhang J. Development and evaluation of the quantitative real-time PCR assay in detection and typing of herpes simplex virus in swab specimens from patients with genital herpes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18758-18764. [PMID: 26770492 PMCID: PMC4694392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Genital herpes (GH), which is caused mainly by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 and HSV-1, remains a worldwide problem. Laboratory confirmation of GH is important, particularly as there are other conditions which present similarly to GH, while atypical presentations of GH also occur. Currently, virus culture is the classical method for diagnosis of GH, but it is time consuming and with low sensitivity. A major advance for diagnosis of GH is to use Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, to evaluate the significance of the real-time PCR method in diagnosis and typing of genital HSV, the primers and probes targeted at HSV-1 DNA polymerase gene and HSV-2 glycoprotein D gene fraction were designed and applied to amplify DNA from HSV-1 or HSV-2 by employing the real-time PCR technique. Then the PCR reaction system was optimized and evaluated. HSV in swab specimens from patients with genital herpes was detected by real-time PCR. The real-time PCR assay showed good specificity for detection and typing of HSV, with good linear range (5×10(2)~5×10(8) copies/ml, r=0.997), a sensitivity of 5×10(2) copies/ml, and good reproducibility (intra-assay coefficients of variation 2.29% and inter-assay coefficients of variation 4.76%). 186 swab specimens were tested for HSV by real-time PCR, and the positive rate was 23.7% (44/186). Among the 44 positive specimens, 8 (18.2%) were positive for HSV-1 with a viral load of 8.5546×10(6) copies/ml and 36 (81.2%) were positive for HSV-2 with a viral load of 1.9861×10(6) copies/ml. It is concluded that the real-time PCR is a specific, sensitive and rapid method for the detection and typing of HSV, which can be widely used in clinical diagnosis of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yi
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyan Si
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yin
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jinlian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, P. R. China
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9
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Lang Kuhs KA, Kuniholm MH, Pfeiffer RM, Chen S, Desai S, Edlin BR, Peters MG, Plankey M, Sharp GB, Strickler HD, Villacres MC, Quinn TC, Gange SJ, Prokunina-Olsson L, Greenblatt RM, O’Brien TR. Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Not Associated with Recurrence of Oral or Genital Herpes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138827. [PMID: 26431156 PMCID: PMC4592222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IFNL4-ΔG/TT (rs368234815) genotype is associated with hepatitis C virus clearance and may play a role in other infections. IFN-λ4 protein is generated only in individuals who carry the IFNL4-ΔG allele. The IFNL4 rs12979860-T allele, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with IFNL4-ΔG, was recently reported to be associated with more frequent and severe oral herpes episodes. We investigated the association of IFNL4-ΔG/TT with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-related outcomes among 2,192 African American and European American participants in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). WIHS is a prospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected and at-risk women that began in 1994. This report includes follow-up through 2013. Available data included: HSV–1 and HSV–2 antibodies at study entry; bi-annually ascertained episodes of (self-reported) oral herpes, (self-reported) genital sores and (clinician-observed) genital ulcers; HSV–2 DNA in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens. IFNL4-ΔG/TT genotyping was determined by TaqMan. We compared women with IFNL4-ΔG/ΔG or IFNL4-TT/ΔG genotypes (i.e., IFNL4-ΔG carriers) to those with the IFNL4-TT/TT genotype, adjusting for age, race and HIV status. For outcomes with repeated measurements, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval [CI] and p-value were determined using a generalized estimating equations approach. Median participant age at enrollment was 36 years; 81% were African American, 74% were HIV-infected. Among 1,431 participants tested for antibodies, 72.8% were positive for HSV–1 and 79.0% were positive for HSV–2. We observed no association between IFNL4-ΔG/TT genotype and any outcome: HSV–1 or HSV–2 antibody prevalence (p>0.1, all comparisons); oral herpes (aOR, 1.2; p = 0.35); genital sores (aOR, 1.0; p = 0.71); genital ulcers (aOR, 1.1; p = 0.53); detectable HSV–2 DNA in CVL (N = 322; aOR, 0.71; p = 0.49); HSV–2 DNA level (p = 0.68). In this large prospective study, IFNL4-ΔG/TT genotype was not associated with HSV-related outcomes, including episodes of oral or genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle A. Lang Kuhs
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark H. Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Chen
- Information Management Services, Calverton, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seema Desai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Edlin
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marion G. Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Plankey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gerald B. Sharp
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Villacres
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Gange
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. O’Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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10
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Gianella S, Morris SR, Anderson C, Spina CA, Vargas MV, Young JA, Richman DD, Little SJ, Smith DM. Herpes viruses and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations influence the virologic and immunologic milieu of the male genital tract. AIDS 2013; 27:39-47. [PMID: 22739399 PMCID: PMC3769229 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283573305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To further understand the role that chronic viral infections of the male genital tract play on HIV-1 dynamics and replication. DESIGN Retrospective, observational study including 236 paired semen and blood samples collected from 115 recently HIV-1 infected antiretroviral naive men who have sex with men. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the association of seminal HIV-1 shedding to coinfections with seven herpes viruses, blood plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4 T-cell counts, presence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-1 pol, participants' age and stage of HIV-infection using multivariate generalized estimating equation methods. Associations between herpes virus shedding, seminal HIV-1 levels, number and immune activation of seminal T-cells was also investigated (Mann-Whitney). RESULTS Seminal herpes virus shedding was observed in 75.7% of individuals. Blood HIV-1 RNA levels (P < 0.01) and seminal cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpes virus (HHV)-8 levels (P < 0.05) were independent predictors of detectable seminal HIV-1 RNA; higher seminal HIV-1 levels were associated with CMV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seminal shedding, and absence of DRM (P < 0.05). CMV and EBV seminal shedding was associated with higher number of seminal T-lymphocytes, but only presence of seminal CMV DNA was associated with increased immune activation of T-lymphocytes in semen and blood. CONCLUSION Despite high median CD4 T-cells numbers, we found a high frequency of herpes viruses seminal shedding in our cohort. Shedding of CMV, EBV and HHV-8 and absence of DRM were associated with increased frequency of HIV-1 shedding and/or higher levels of HIV-1 RNA in semen, which are likely important cofactors for HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gianella
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0679, USA.
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