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Zeng WL, Yang SK, Song N, Chu FF. The impact of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism on diabetic kidney disease: A debatable issue. Nefrologia 2022; 42:415-431. [PMID: 36460431 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ACE I/D gene polymorphisms on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk. METHODS All eligible investigations were identified, the number of various genotype in the case and control group were reviewed. The pooled analysis was performed using Stata software. RESULTS In overall subjects, 24,321 participants with 12,961 cases and 11,360 controls were included. the pooled analysis showed a significant link between D allele, DD or II genotype and DKD risk (D versus I: OR=1.316, 95% CI: 1.213-1.427, P=0.000; DD versus ID+II: OR=1.414, 95% CI: 1.253-1.595, P=0.000; II versus DD+ID: OR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.647-0.869, P=0.000). The subgroup pooled analysis showed that ACE I/D gene polymorphism was correlated with DKD both in Asian and in Chinese population. In addition, ACE I/D gene polymorphism was correlated with type 2 DKD (D versus I: OR=1.361, 95% CI: 1.243-1.490, P=0.000; DD versus ID+II: OR=1.503, 95% CI: 1.310-1.726, P=0.000; II versus DD+ID: OR=0.738, 95% CI: 0.626 -0.870, P=0.000). However, there was no obvious correlation in Caucasian subjects and type 1 diabetic patients. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphisms were correlated with DKD in Asian and type 2 diabetic populations. ACE D allele/DD genotype might be a risk factor, while ACE II genotype might be a protective factor for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fen-Fen Chu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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Zeng WL, Yang SK, Song N, Chu FF. The impact of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism on diabetic kidney disease: A debatable issue. Nefrologia 2021; 42:S0211-6995(21)00158-2. [PMID: 34503862 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ACE I/D gene polymorphisms on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk. METHODS All eligible investigations were identified, the number of various genotype in the case and control group were reviewed. The pooled analysis was performed using Stata software. RESULTS In overall subjects, 24,321 participants with 12,961 cases and 11,360 controls were included. the pooled analysis showed a significant link between D allele, DD or II genotype and DKD risk (D versus I: OR=1.316, 95% CI: 1.213-1.427, P=0.000; DD versus ID+II: OR=1.414, 95% CI: 1.253-1.595, P=0.000; II versus DD+ID: OR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.647-0.869, P=0.000). The subgroup pooled analysis showed that ACE I/D gene polymorphism was correlated with DKD both in Asian and in Chinese population. In addition, ACE I/D gene polymorphism was correlated with type 2 DKD (D versus I: OR=1.361, 95% CI: 1.243-1.490, P=0.000; DD versus ID+II: OR=1.503, 95% CI: 1.310-1.726, P=0.000; II versus DD+ID: OR=0.738, 95% CI: 0.626 -0.870, P=0.000). However, there was no obvious correlation in Caucasian subjects and type 1 diabetic patients. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphisms were correlated with DKD in Asian and type 2 diabetic populations. ACE D allele/DD genotype might be a risk factor, while ACE II genotype might be a protective factor for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fen-Fen Chu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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Flück M, Kramer M, Fitze DP, Kasper S, Franchi MV, Valdivieso P. Cellular Aspects of Muscle Specialization Demonstrate Genotype - Phenotype Interaction Effects in Athletes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:526. [PMID: 31139091 PMCID: PMC6518954 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gene polymorphisms are associated with athletic phenotypes relying on maximal or continued power production and affect the specialization of skeletal muscle composition with endurance or strength training of untrained subjects. We tested whether prominent polymorphisms in genes for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), tenascin-C (TNC), and actinin-3 (ACTN3) are associated with the differentiation of cellular hallmarks of muscle metabolism and contraction in high level athletes. Methods Muscle biopsies were collected from m. vastus lateralis of three distinct phenotypes; endurance athletes (n = 29), power athletes (n = 17), and untrained non-athletes (n = 63). Metabolism-, and contraction-related cellular parameters (such as capillary-to-fiber ratio, capillary length density, volume densities of mitochondria and intramyocellular lipid, fiber mean cross sectional area (MCSA) and volume densities of myofibrils) and the volume densities of sarcoplasma were analyzed by quantitative electron microscopy of the biopsies. Gene polymorphisms of ACE (I/D (insertion/deletion), rs1799752), TNC (A/T, rs2104772), and ACTN3 (C/T, rs1815739) were determined using high-resolution melting polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR). Genotype distribution was assessed using Chi2 tests. Genotype and phenotype effects were analyzed by univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc test of Fisher. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The athletes demonstrated the specialization of metabolism- and contraction-related cellular parameters. Differences in cellular parameters could be identified for genotypes rs1799752 and rs2104772, and localized post hoc when taking the interaction with the phenotype into account. Between endurance and power athletes these concerned effects on capillary length density for rs1799752 and rs2104772, fiber type distribution and volume densities of myofibrils (rs1799752), and MSCA (rs2104772). Endurance athletes carrying the I-allele of rs1799752 demonstrated 50%-higher volume densities of mitochondria and sarcoplasma, when power athletes that carried only the D-allele showed the highest fiber MCSAs and a lower percentage of slow type muscle fibers. Discussion ACE and tenascin-C gene polymorphisms are associated with differences in cellular aspects of muscle metabolism and contraction in specifically-trained high level athletes. Quantitative differences in muscle fiber type distribution and composition, and capillarization in knee extensor muscle explain, in part, identified associations of the insertion/deletion genotypes of ACE (rs1799752) with endurance- and power-type Sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Kramer
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P Fitze
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bueno S, Pasqua LA, de Araújo G, Eduardo Lima-Silva A, Bertuzzi R. The Association of ACE Genotypes on Cardiorespiratory Variables Related to Physical Fitness in Healthy Men. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165310. [PMID: 27861507 PMCID: PMC5115658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic power (VO2max), aerobic capacity (RCP), and running efficiency (RE) are important markers of aerobic fitness. However, the influence of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism on these markers has not been investigated in healthy individuals. One hundred and fifty physically active young men (age 25 ± 3 years; height 1.77 ± 0.06 m; body mass 76.6 ± 0.9 kg; VO2max 47.7 ± 5.5 ml·kg-1·min-1) visited the laboratory on two separate occasions, and performed the following tests: a) a maximal incremental treadmill test to determine VO2max and RCP, and b) two constant-speed running tests (10 km·h-1 and 12 km·h-1) to determine RE. The genotype frequency was II = 21%; ID = 52%; and DD = 27%. There was a tendency for higher VO2max with the ACE II genotype (p = 0.08) compared to DD and ID genotypes. Magnitude based inferences suggested a likely beneficial effect on VO2max with the ACE II genotype. There was no association between genotypes for other variable. These findings suggest that individuals with the ACE II genotype have a tendency towards better values in aerobic power, but not with aerobic capacity or running economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomão Bueno
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo A. Pasqua
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Araújo
- Sports Science Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bishop-Bailey D. Mechanisms governing the health and performance benefits of exercise. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1153-66. [PMID: 24033098 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are considered among the greatest if not the greatest endurance land animals. Over the last 50 years, as the population has become more sedentary, rates of cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension have all increased. Aerobic fitness is considered protective for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, a variety of cancers, joint disease and depression. Here, I will review the emerging mechanisms that underlie the response to exercise, focusing on the major target organ the skeletal muscle system. Understanding the mechanisms of action of exercise will allow us to develop new therapies that mimic the protective actions of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Eynon N, Hanson ED, Lucia A, Houweling PJ, Garton F, North KN, Bishop DJ. Genes for Elite Power and Sprint Performance: ACTN3 Leads the Way. Sports Med 2013; 43:803-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Vaughan D, Huber-Abel FA, Graber F, Hoppeler H, Flück M. The angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism alters the response of muscle energy supply lines to exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:1719-29. [PMID: 23397151 PMCID: PMC3677975 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a silencing sequence (the I-allele) in the gene for the upstream regulator of blood flow, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), is associated with superior endurance performance and its trainability. We tested in a retrospective study with 36 Caucasian men of Swiss descent whether carriers of the ACE I-allele demonstrate a modified adaptive response of energy supply lines in knee extensor muscle, and aerobic fitness, to endurance training based on 6 weeks of supervised bicycle exercise or 6 months of self-regulated running (p value <Bonferroni-corrected 5 %). Body weight related maximal oxygen uptake and capillary density in vastus lateralis muscle before training were 20 and 23 % lower, respectively, in carriers of the I-allele. Bicycle (n = 16) but not running type endurance training (n = 19) increased the volume content of subsarcolemmal mitochondria (2.5-fold) and intramyocellular lipid (2.1-fold). This was specifically amplified in I-allele carriers after 6 weeks of bicycle exercise. The enhanced adjustment in myocellular organelles of aerobic metabolism with bicycle training corresponded to ACE I-allele dependent upregulation of 23 muscle transcripts during recovery from the bicycle stimulus and with training. The majority of affected transcripts were associated with glucose (i.e. ALDOC, Glut2, LDHC) and lipid metabolism (i.e. ACADL, CPTI, CPTII, LIPE, LPL, FATP, CD36/FAT); all demonstrating an enhanced magnitude of change in carriers of the ACE I-allele. Our observations suggest that local improvements in mitochondrial metabolism, through a novel expression pathway, contribute to the varying trainability in endurance performance between subjects with genetically modified expression of the regulator of vascular tone, ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vaughan
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, School of HealthCare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
| | | | | | - Hans Hoppeler
- Department of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, School of HealthCare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhou JB, Yang JK, Lu JK, An YH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:67-73. [PMID: 19655271 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes was investigated in many studies with conflicting results. To clarify this conflict, we performed a meta-analysis on recent previous reports on ACE gene polymorphism and its correlation to type 2 diabetes. A total of 15,166 subjects from 24 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Summary odds ratios (ORs) were estimated. Potential sources of heterogeneity and bias were explored. The D variant was associated with a 14% increased risk of T2D relative to the I variant (OR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04-1.24). In subgroup analysis, Caucasian and East Asians showed significant association. No association was found in the Turkish groups. No publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis by using the Egger method (tau = 1.63, P = 0.12), as well as the Begg's test (z = 1.66, P = 0.10). Cumulative meta-analysis for the allelic contrast showed a trend of association as information accumulated. These data suggested that the variant of ACE I/D had a moderate positive association with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Habouzit E, Richard H, Sanchez H, Koulmann N, Serrurier B, Monnet R, Ventura-Clapier R, Bigard X. Decreased muscle ACE activity enhances functional response to endurance training in rats, without change in muscle oxidative capacity or contractile phenotype. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:346-53. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91443.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic ANG I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition could improve the training-induced improvement in endurance exercise performance and that this could be related to enhanced skeletal muscle metabolic efficiency. Female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups comprising animals either maintained sedentary or endurance trained (Sed and Tr, respectively), and treated or not for 10 wk with an ACE inhibitor, perindopril (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) (Per and Ct, respectively) ( n = 8 each). Trained rats underwent an 8-wk treadmill training protocol that consisted of 2 h/day running at 30 m/min on a 8% decline. Before the start of and 1 wk before the end of experimental conditioning, the running time to exhaustion of rats was measured on a treadmill. The training program led to an increase in endurance time, higher in Tr-Per than in Tr-Ct group (125% in Tr-Ct vs. 183% in Tr-Per groups, P < 0.05). Oxidative capacity, measured in saponin-permeabilized fibers of slow soleus and fast plantaris muscles, increased with training, but less in Tr-Per than in Tr-Ct rats. The training-induced increase in citrate synthase activity also was less in soleus from Tr-Per than Tr-Ct rats. The training-induced increase in the percentage of the type IIa isoform of myosin heavy chain (MHC) (45%, P < 0.05) and type IIx MHC (25%, P < 0.05) associated with decreased type IIb MHC (34%, P < 0.05) was minimized by perindopril administration. These findings demonstrate that the enhancement in physical performance observed in perindopril-treated animals cannot be explained by changes in mitochondrial respiration and/or MHC distribution within muscles involved in running exercise.
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Bonnet F, Patel S, Laville M, Balkau B, Favuzzi A, Monti LD, Lalic N, Walker M. Influence of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:789-94. [PMID: 18235053 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggested that the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be associated with metabolic benefits. However, data about the potential influence of the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) genotype on insulin resistance have been contradictory with studies of limited sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and both insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance in a large cohort of healthy subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,286 participants in the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Study had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess whole-body insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Age, BMI, waist, fat-free mass (ffm), and physical activity did not differ by ACE genotype. Fasting glucose and insulin were similar among genotypes, but 2-h glucose levels were higher in DD than in ID and II subjects (DD: 5.9 +/- 1.7; ID: 5.7 +/- 1.5; II: 5.6 +/- 1.5 mmol/l) (P = 0.004). Participants with the DD genotype were more likely to have impaired glucose tolerance than those with the ID and II genotypes (13.1 vs. 8.7%; P = 0.02). Insulin sensitivity was lower in participants with the DD genotype than in those with the II genotype (136 +/- 63 vs. 147 +/- 65 micromol x min(-1)x kg ffm(-1) x mmol(-1) x l(-1); P = 0.02). The presence of the D allele was associated with a trend, albeit not significant, for reduced insulin secretion during the oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity and with impaired glucose tolerance in our healthy population. These findings confirm potential interactions between the RAS and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bonnet
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Rennes, Rennes, France.
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