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Cockerell GL, Brayton C, Barger A, Bolon B. The ACVP/STP Coalition for Veterinary Pathology Fellows Celebrates 32 New Training Positions. Vet Pathol 2017. [PMID: 28622495 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817699862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carella F, Villari G, Maio N, De Vico G. Disease and Disorders of Freshwater Unionid Mussels: A Brief Overview of Recent Studies. Front Physiol 2016; 7:489. [PMID: 27847480 PMCID: PMC5088359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has dramatically grown in recent decades, with an increased need in understanding of comparative pathology. The Unionids freshwater mussels are a group of worldwide distributed bivalves residing small ditches and ponds, lakes, canals and rivers, often used as animal test in eco-toxicological studies. Once one of the most abundant bivalve molluscs in ancient rivers around the world, now many of them are declining in many countries and consequently are nearly extinct in many areas. The causes of this decline are not fully understood but alteration and degradation of the freshwater habitat seemed to play a central role. To date, link causality to the observed losses during episode of mussel die-offs has been more difficult to establish, and disease and pathogen presence have been scarcely considered. In this article we provide a brief overview of unionids freshwater mussel conservation status, also describing reported diseases and pathogens and illustrating a few relatively well-documented studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
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Carella F, Feist S, Bignell J, De Vico G. Comparative pathology in bivalves: Aetiological agents and disease processes. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 131:107-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Spitsbergen JM, Blazer VS, Bowser PR, Cheng KC, Cooper KR, Cooper TK, Frasca S, Groman DB, Harper CM, Law JMM, Marty GD, Smolowitz RM, St Leger J, Wolf DC, Wolf JC. Finfish and aquatic invertebrate pathology resources for now and the future. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:249-57. [PMID: 18948226 PMCID: PMC2680143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of finfish and aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has grown dramatically in recent decades. Likewise the aquaculture of finfish and invertebrates has expanded rapidly worldwide as populations of some aquatic food species and threatened or endangered aquatic species have plummeted due to overharvesting or habitat degradation. This increasing intensive culture and use of aquatic species has heightened the importance of maintaining a sophisticated understanding of pathology of various organ systems of these diverse species. Yet, except for selected species long cultivated in aquaculture, pathology databases and the workforce of highly trained pathologists lag behind those available for most laboratory animals and domestic mammalian and avian species. Several factors must change to maximize the use, understanding, and protection of important aquatic species: 1) improvements in databases of abnormalities across species; 2) standardization of diagnostic criteria for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions; and 3) more uniform and rigorous training in aquatic morphologic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Spitsbergen
- Center for Fish Disease Research, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Lairmore MD, Oglesbee M, Weisbrode SE, Wellman M, Rosol T, Stromberg P. Developing and fostering a dynamic program for training in veterinary pathology and clinical pathology: veterinary students to post-graduate education. J Vet Med Educ 2007; 34:464-472. [PMID: 18287474 PMCID: PMC3057672 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.34.4.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports project a deficiency of veterinary pathologists, indicating a need to train highly qualified veterinary pathologists, particularly in academic veterinary medicine. The need to provide high-quality research training for veterinary pathologists has been recognized by the veterinary pathology training program of the Ohio State University (OSU) since its inception. The OSU program incorporates elements of both residency training and graduate education into a unified program. This review illustrates the components and structure of the training program and reflects on future challenges in training veterinary pathologists. Key elements of the OSU program include an experienced faculty, dedicated staff, and high-quality students who have a sense of common mission. The program is supported through cultural and infrastructure support. Financial compensation, limited research funding, and attractive work environments, including work-life balance, will undoubtedly continue to be forces in the marketplace for veterinary pathologists. To remain competitive and to expand the ability to train veterinary pathologists with research skills, programs must support strong faculty members, provide appropriate infrastructure support, and seek active partnerships with private industry to expand program opportunities. Shortages of trained faculty may be partially resolved by regional cooperation to share faculty expertise or through the use of communications technology to bridge distances between programs. To foster continued interest in academic careers, training programs will need to continue to evolve and respond to trainees' needs while maintaining strong allegiances to high-quality pathology training. Work-life balance, collegial environments that foster a culture of respect for veterinary pathology, and continued efforts to reach out to veterinary students to provide opportunities to learn about the diverse careers offered in veterinary pathology will pay long-term dividends for the future of the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Lairmore
- DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP (anatomic pathology), Dipl. ACVM (virology and immunology), is Professor and Chair, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and Associate Director for Basic Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1093 USA
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP (anatomic pathology), is Professor and Graduate Studies Chair, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1093 USA
| | - Steve E. Weisbrode
- VMD, PhD, Dipl. ACVP (anatomic pathology), is a professor in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1093 USA. Dr. Weisbrode is a former president of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
| | - Maxey Wellman
- DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP (clinical pathology), is an associate professor in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1093 USA. Dr. Wellman is a former president of the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathologists
| | - Thomas Rosol
- DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP (anatomic pathology), is Professor and Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1093 USA
| | - Paul Stromberg
- DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP (anatomic pathology), is a professorin the Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1093 USA. Dr. Stromberg is the current president of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
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Abstract
The field of laboratory animal medicine is experiencing a serious shortage of appropriately trained veterinarians for both clinically related and research-oriented positions within academia, industry, and government. Recent outreach efforts sponsored by professional organizations have stimulated increased interest in the field. It is an opportune time to critically review and evaluate postgraduate training opportunities in the United States and Canada, including formal training programs, informal training, publicly accessible training resources and educational opportunities, and newly emerging training resources such as Internet-based learning aids. Challenges related to each of these training opportunities exist and include increasing enrollment in formal programs, securing adequate funding support, ensuring appropriate content between formal programs that may have diverse objectives, and accommodating the training needs of veterinarians who enter the field by the experience route. Current training opportunities and resources that exist for veterinarians who enter and are established within the field of laboratory animal science are examined. Strategies for improving formal laboratory animal medicine training programs and for developing alternative programs more suited to practicing clinical veterinarians are discussed. In addition, the resources for high-quality continuing education of experienced laboratory animal veterinarians are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Colby
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, 018 Animal Research Facility, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0614, USA.
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Abstract
This article presents a historical perspective on veterinary anatomic pathology in the United Kingdom from the late nineteenth century to the present. Prior to World War II, the specialty was a rather general one that also included bacteriology and parasitology and was only slightly affected by strong Germanic developments in cell and tissue pathology. The few notable figures of this era include John McFadyean, Sidney Gaiger, and J.R.M Innes. The specialty developed strongly in the second half of the twentieth century, led by a small number of individuals, and was greatly aided by the development of specialist colleges and residency training. Key individuals of this era include W.F. Blakemore, Ernest Cotchin, R.J.M. Franklin, W.F.H. Jarrett, A.R. Jennings, and A.C. Palmer. A remarkable feature of this period has been the increased employment of veterinary pathologists in biomedical industry and in private diagnostic laboratories. While standards of pathology practice have benefited from the college initiatives, there are major financial constraints on the availability of funded training posts in the United Kingdom, and there remain considerable shortages in the supply of pathologists trained to contemporary standards. The acknowledged professional and scientific importance of veterinary pathology needs to be translated into effective financial support for the training that underpins competence in this specialty. Further developments seem likely to be dominated by advances in the technology of tissue handling, applications of molecular biology to pathology, and greater use of telepathology in teaching, in quality assurance, and in continuing professional development.
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Fitzgerald SD, Reed WM, Kaneene JB. North American veterinary pathology residency training programs: an overview of where they are today and where they were five years ago, with an analysis of trends. J Vet Med Educ 2007; 34:458-463. [PMID: 18287473 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.34.4.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An e-mail/telephone survey of all active North American residency training programs in veterinary pathology was conducted in September 2005. The purpose of this survey was to determine current numbers of trainees, their program length and type, and salaries; to compare current numbers to five years earlier; and, finally, to gauge interest in expanding current programs. All 41 training institutions contacted responded to the survey. Briefly, the survey found that there are currently 235 veterinary pathology residents, for a mean of 5.7 residents per training program. The number of residents currently in training programs and the number of applicants for these programs has increased compared to five years earlier. There is widespread interest in further expanding capacity in these programs, and the coalition of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the Society of Toxicologic Pathology is a well-known source of possible funding for additional residents. This survey report further documents the numbers of combined residency/PhD programs, average starting salaries for new residents, outside sponsorship effects on pathology training programs, and some of the common concerns regarding veterinary pathology training programs voiced by the respondents. While residency training capacity has expanded in the last five years, and there is widespread desire to further expand these training programs, a shortage of veterinary pathologists for future market needs will need to be addressed by increased funding from as yet unspecified sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910-8104, USA.
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