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Lin X, Chen T, Hu J, Mao X, Liu M, Zeng R, Zhong Q, Chen W. Construction of a novel fluorescent probe for sensitive determination of glyphosate in food and imaging living cells. Anal Methods 2024. [PMID: 38742948 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide in agriculture and horticulture to control a variety of weeds and undesirable plants. However, the excessive use of glyphosate has raised a number of environmental and human health concerns. It is urgent to develop tools to detect glyphosate. Herein, a novel dual-signal probe CCU-Cu2+ was designed and synthesized on the basis of CCU. CCU exhibited excellent selectivity and great sensitivity for Cu2+ which were based on both fluorescence "turn-off" reaction and comparative color visualisation methods. Due to the strong chelating ability of glyphosate on Cu2+, the CCU-Cu2+ complex was applied to glyphosate detection in practical samples. The experimental results in vitro showed that the CCU-Cu2+ complex was highly selective and rapid, with a low detection limit (1.6 μM), and could be recognised by the naked eye in the detection of glyphosate. Based on the excellent properties of the CCU-Cu2+ complex, we also constructed a smartphone-assisted detection sensing system for glyphosate detection, which has the advantages of precision, sensitivity, and high interference immunity. Moreover, the CCU-Cu2+ complex was also successfully employed for exogenous glyphosate imaging in living cells. These characteristics demonstrated that CCU-Cu2+ holds significant potential for detection and imaging of glyphosate in bio-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Taiyi Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayun Hu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqiong Mao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Mengqing Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Rongying Zeng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Qingmei Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Upper Reaches of Xiangjiang River, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China.
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Zhu S, Qin S, Wei C, Cen L, Xiong L, Luo X, Wang Y. Acetylcholine triggered enzymatic cascade reaction based on Fe 7S 8 nanoflakes catalysis for organophosphorus pesticides visual detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342464. [PMID: 38553122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) play important roles in the natural environment, agricultural fields, and biological prevention. The development of OPs detection has gradually become an effective strategy to avoid the dangers of pesticides abuse and solve the severe environmental and health problems in humans. Although conventional assays for OPs analysis such as the bulky instrument required analytical methods have been well-developed, it still remains the limitation of inconvenient, inefficient and lab-dependence analysis in real samples. Hence, there is an urgent demand to develop efficient detection methods for OPs analysis in real scenarios. RESULTS Here, by virtue of the highly efficient catalytic performance in Fe7S8 nanoflakes (Fe7S8 NFs), we propose an OPs detection method that rationally integrated Fe7S8 NFs into the acetylcholine (ACh) triggered enzymatic cascade reaction (ATECR) for proceeding better detection performances. In this method, OPs serve as the enzyme inhibitors for inhibiting ATECR among ACh, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and choline oxidase (CHO), then reduce the generation of H2O2 to suppress the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) that catalyzed by Fe7S8 NFs. Benefiting from the integration of Fe7S8 NFs and ATECR, it enables a sensitive detection for OPs (e.g. dimethoate). The proposed method has presented good linear ranges of OPs detection ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg mL-1. Compared to the other methods, the comparable limits of detection (LOD) of OPs are as low as 0.05 μg mL-1. SIGNIFICANCE Furthermore, the proposed method has also achieved a favorable visual detection performance of revealing OPs analysis in real samples. The visual signals of OPs can be transformed into RGB values and gathered by using smartphones, indicating the great potential in simple, sensitive, instrument-free and on-site analysis of pesticide residues in environmental monitoring and biosecurity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Shangying Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Chonghui Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Li Cen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Luyun Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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Chen X, Mao Y, Wang A, Lu L, Shao Q, Jiang C, Lu H. Synthesis and application of purine-based fluorescence probe for continuous recognition of Cu 2+ and glyphosate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 304:123291. [PMID: 37639808 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel fluorescent sensor, N,N-dimethyl-4-((2-(8-m-ethyl-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)aniline(PHA), which was constructed via Schiff base reaction of purine derivatives and dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. This probe showed significant selective fluorescence quenching of Cu2+, and accompanying with an increase in Cu2+ concentration and a change in solution color from colorless to yellow. The outstanding features of PHA include low detection limit (0.429 μM), strong anti-interference ability and fast response time. We further investigated the chelation mechanism of PHA and Cu2+ by Job's plot experiment, density generalization theory (DFT), and the probe PHA can form a 1:2 complex with Cu2+ ions, leading to a fluorescence quenching process, thus realizing the rapid detection of Cu2+. In addition, this new fluorescent sensor [PHA-Cu2+] can be used to detect pesticide residues in solution. When the [PHA-Cu2+] system was mixed with glyphosate solution, that a fluorescence recovering was observed. This may be because glyphosate chelates more strongly with Cu2+ ions, making the copper ions dissociated from the [PHA-Cu2+] system. The detection limit of the fluorescent sensor [PHA-Cu2+] for glyphosate was 18.77 nM. Finally, the sensor system has been successfully applied in fluorescence imaging of glyphosate in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yanxia Mao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Anguan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Linchuan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
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Pires NL, de Araújo EP, Oliveira-Filho EC, Caldas ED. An ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in water - analysis of surface and groundwater from a hydrographic basin in the Midwestern region of Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2023; 875:162499. [PMID: 36871736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of glyphosate around the world in the last few decades demands constant monitoring of this compound and its metabolite in aquatic compartments. This work aimed to develop a sensitive method for the analysis of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in water by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method involves analyte concentration by lyophilization (20×) and direct injection on the LC-MS/MS, and was satisfactorily validated at a LOQ of 0.0025 μg L-1. A total of 142 samples of surface and groundwater collected during the 2021/2022 dry and rainy seasons in the Rio Preto Hydrographic Basin were analyzed. All the 52 groundwater samples were positive for glyphosate (up to 1.5868 μg L-1, dry season) and AMPA (up to 0.2751 μg L-1, dry season). A total of 27 of the 90 surface water samples were positive for glyphosate (up to 0.0236 μg L-1), and 31 samples for AMPA (up to 0.0086 μg L-1), of which over 70 % collected during the dry season. Glufosinate was detected in only five samples, four in groundwater (up to 0.0256 μg L-1). The levels found in the samples are much lower than the maximum levels established by the Brazilian legislation for glyphosate and/or AMPA and lower than the most critical toxicological endpoints for aquatic organisms. However, constant monitoring is necessary, demanding sensitive methods to allow the detection of the very low levels of these pesticides in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Luiz Pires
- Federal Institute of Goiás, Formosa, GO, Brazil; University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda Pereira de Araújo
- University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Rosales CA, Shields SWJ, Aulenback CLJ, Elezi G, Wasslen KV, Pallister PJ, Faull KF, Manthorpe JM, Smith JC. Improved Chromatography and MS-Based Detection of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid Using iTrEnDi. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:948-957. [PMID: 37132245 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY), a synthetic, nonselective systemic herbicide that is particularly effective against perennial weeds, is the most used weedkiller in the world. There are growing concerns over GLY accumulation in the environment and the attendant human health-associated risks, and despite increased attention in the media, GLY and its breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) remain elusive to many analytical strategies. Chemical derivatization coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) addresses the challenge of quantifying low levels of GLY and AMPA in complex samples. Here we demonstrate the use of in situ trimethylation enhancement using diazomethane (iTrEnDi) to derivatize GLY and AMPA into permethylated products ([GLYTr]+ and [AMPATr]+, respectively) prior to analysis via HPLC-MS. iTrEnDi produced quantitative yields and resulted in a 12-340-fold increases in HPLC-MS-based sensitivity for [GLYTr]+ and [AMPATr]+, respectively, compared with underivatized counterparts. The limits of detection of derivatized compounds were found to be 0.99 ng/L for [GLYTr]+ and 1.30 ng/L for [AMPATr]+, demonstrating significant sensitivity improvements compared to previously established derivatization techniques. iTrEnDi is compatible with the direct derivatization of Roundup formulations. Finally, as proof of principle, a simple aqueous extraction followed by iTrEnDi enabled the detection of [GLYTr]+ and [AMPATr]+ on the exterior of field-grown soybeans that were sprayed with Roundup. Overall, iTrEnDi ameliorates issues relating to low proton affinity and chromatographic retention, boosting HPLC-MS-based sensitivity and enabling the elucidation of elusive analytes such as GLY and AMPA within agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Rosales
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Samuel W J Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chelsey L J Aulenback
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Gazmend Elezi
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States of America
| | - Karl V Wasslen
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Peter J Pallister
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M Manthorpe
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Carleton Mass Spectrometry Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Mu X, Xu J, Zeng F. A Novel and Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Glyphosate Detection Based on Cu 2+ Modulated Polydihydroxyphenylalanine Nanoparticles. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:bios13050510. [PMID: 37232871 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive fluorescent probe based on Cu2+-modulated polydihydroxyphenylalanine nanoparticles (PDOAs) has been developed for the detection of glyphosate pesticides. Compared to conventional instrumental analysis techniques, fluorometric methods have obtained good results in the field of agricultural residue detection. However, most of the fluorescent chemosensors reported still have some limitations, such as long response times, the high limit of detection, and complex synthetic procedures. In this paper, a novel and sensitive fluorescent probe based on Cu2+ modulated polydihydroxyphenylalanine nanoparticles (PDOAs) has been developed for the detection of glyphosate pesticides. The fluorescence of PDOAs can be effectively quenched by Cu2+ through the dynamic quenching process, which was confirmed by the time-resolved fluorescence lifetime analysis. In the presence of glyphosate, the fluorescence of the PDOAs-Cu2+ system can be effectively recovered due to the higher affinity of glyphosate for Cu2+, and thus released the individual PDOAs. Due to the admirable properties such as high selectivity to glyphosate pesticide, "turn on" fluorescence response, and ultralow detection limit of 1.8 nM, the proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of glyphosate in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiong Mu
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fankui Zeng
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Liu Q, Li S, Wang Y, Yang L, Yue M, Liu Y, Ye F, Fu Y. Sensitive fluorescence assay for the detection of glyphosate with NACCu 2+ complex. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163548. [PMID: 37080305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is widely used as an herbicide in weed control. However, the excessive use and residue of glyphosate adversely affect the environment. Thus, a rapid and highly sensitive system must be developed for glyphosate detection. Herein, a novel turn-on fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized for glyphosate, that is N-butyl-1,8-naphthalimide-4-hydrazino-6-isopropyl-chromone (NAC). The fluorescence of NAC was quenched by the addition of Cu2+ to form NACCu2+ complex in dimethyl sulfoxide/2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (DMSO/HEPES, 9/1, v/v, pH = 7.0). Upon the addition of glyphosate, the fluorescence of NACCu2+ was recovered through chelation between Cu2+ and glyphosate. The NACCu2+ complex exhibited the desired linearity of glyphosate concentration under optimum conditions in the range of 0-40 μM with a low detection limit of 36 nM. Based on competitive coordination, NACCu2+ exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity for glyphosate. Moreover, NAC was successfully utilized to detect glyphosate in tap water, local water from Songhua River, soil, maize, and soybean with convenient operations, indicating a promising application in pesticide residue detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhuan Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shijie Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Mingli Yue
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yulong Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Fu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Garau A, Picci G, Bencini A, Caltagirone C, Conti L, Lippolis V, Paoli P, Romano GM, Rossi P, Scorciapino MA. Glyphosate sensing in aqueous solutions by fluorescent zinc(II) complexes of [9]aneN 3-based receptors. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8733-8742. [PMID: 35612268 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the binding abilities of Zn(II) complexes of [12]aneN4- (L1) and [9]aneN3-based receptors (L2, L3) towards the herbicides N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate, H3PMG) and 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid (glufosinate, H2GLU), and also aminomethylphosphonic acid (H2AMPA), the main metabolite of H3PMG, and phosphate. All ligands form stable Zn(II) complexes, whose coordination geometries allow a possible interaction of the metal center with exogenous anionic substrates. Potentiometric studies evidenced the marked coordination ability of the L2/Zn(II) system for the analytes considered, with a preferential binding affinity for H3PMG over the other substrates, in a wide range of pH values. 1H and 31P NMR experiments supported the effective coordination of such substrates by the Zn(II) complex of L2, while fluorescence titrations and a test strip experiment were performed to evaluate whether the H3PMG recognition processes could be detected by fluorescence signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Garau
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Picci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Luca Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Paola Paoli
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Giammarco Maria Romano
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Mariano Andrea Scorciapino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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Guan J, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Deng H, Xu J, Wang J, Yuan MS. Employing a fluorescent and colorimetric picolyl-functionalized rhodamine for the detection of glyphosate pesticide. Talanta 2020; 224:121834. [PMID: 33379052 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among them, exceeding the standard rate of pesticide residues is the main factor influencing the quality and security of agricultural products. Monitoring pesticide residues and developing simple, yet ultrasensitive detection systems for pesticide residues are urgently needed. In this study, we successfully developed a novel rhodamine derivative as fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor R-G for the rapid, selective and ultrasensitive detection of glyphosate pesticide residue in aqueous solution. Through a Cu2+-indicator displacement strategy, glyphosate can displace an indicator (R-G) from a Cu2+-indicator complex due to its strong affinity to bind with Cu2+ to give a turn-on fluorescence and distinct color change. Moreover, a test strip was also fabricated to achieve a facile detection of glyphosate pesticide. To demonstrate the possibility of practical applications, glyphosate was detected on the surface of cabbage and in a spiked soil sample. The detection limit of 4.1 nM and the response time of 2 min indicate that the method is enough sensitive and rapid to detect the glyphosate residue at or below levels that pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jiao Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Huajuan Deng
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Mao-Sen Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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10
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Abstract
AbstractGlyphosate (GFT) is a widely used herbicide, considered toxic and a probable carcinogen. The main challenge is its detection, usually requiring expensive and laborious methodologies. Herein, we report a colorimetric detection of GFT, using a derivatization reaction with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) that leads to a yellow-colored product. This is undertaken under mild conditions (weakly basic aqueous medium and ambient conditions). A thorough kinetic study was carried out, showing that the derivatization reaction with GFT predominates over the hydrolysis of DNFB. Hence, the colorimetric product is the major product formed, which was fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. Finally, a portable, handmade and cheap colorimeter was used to detect and quantify GFT, relying on the colorimetric reaction proposed. Simulating real contaminated samples, it was possible to analyze in just 10 min, with less than 7 % of error of the nominal concentration. Overall, a highly sustainable approach is shown for an herbicide monitoring, with a simple and mild derivatization reaction that does not require purification and leads to a colorimetric product. Moreover, a simple apparatus with low time analysis is proposed that uses a problematic electronic trash: cellphone chargers. This cheapens the process and allows field analysis that can be extended to other agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Hellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Valmir B. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elisa S. Orth
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Han Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Xi Dou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Xin Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Yang Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Lin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional MoleculesMOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material ChemistryCollege of ChemistryTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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Kaczyński P. Clean-up and matrix effect in LC-MS/MS analysis of food of plant origin for high polar herbicides. Food Chem 2017; 230:524-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Koskinen WC, Marek LJ, Hall KE. Analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water, plant materials and soil. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:423-32. [PMID: 26454260 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for simple, fast, efficient and sensitive methods of analysis for glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in diverse matrices such as water, plant materials and soil to facilitate environmental research needed to address the continuing concerns related to increasing glyphosate use. A variety of water-based solutions have been used to extract the chemicals from different matrices. Many methods require extensive sample preparation, including derivatization and clean-up, prior to analysis by a variety of detection techniques. This review summarizes methods used during the past 15 years for analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in water, plant materials and soil. The simplest methods use aqueous extraction of glyphosate and AMPA from plant materials and soil, no derivatization, solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns for clean-up, guard columns for separation and confirmation of the analytes by mass spectrometry and quantitation using isotope-labeled internal standards. They have levels of detection (LODs) below the regulatory limits in North America. These methods are discussed in more detail in the review.
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Ramirez CE, Bellmund S, Gardinali PR. A simple method for routine monitoring of glyphosate and its main metabolite in surface waters using lyophilization and LC-FLD+MS/MS. Case study: canals with influence on Biscayne National Park. Sci Total Environ 2014; 496:389-401. [PMID: 25089697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the analysis of the herbicide glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) based on lyophilization. Sample preparation steps are limited to fortification with aspartic acid as internal standard and water removal by lyophilization (3-4 days for 72 samples), followed by suspension of dry residues in borate buffer (pH=9.0) and addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl) for pre-column derivatization. The obtained derivatization mixture was injected on a highly endcapped C18 column where a basic pH gradient separation of the anionic analytes from neutral derivatization byproducts was achieved, with simultaneous quantitation by fluorescence and compound confirmation by tandem mass spectrometry. Method detection limits (for 20 mL samples) were 0.058 μg/L and 0.108 μg/L for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The method had a high dynamic range (0.1-50.0 μg/L) which allowed quantitation at both background and high levels of the herbicide. As a case study, the methodology was successfully applied to detect the occurrence of these compounds in water canals managed by the South Florida Water Management District. These canals will be used as freshwater source to hydrate estuarine wetlands of Biscayne National Park under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project, in order to decrease ecosystem stress from hypersaline conditions caused by anthropogenic reduction of historical freshwater flow towards the Biscayne Bay. Method development, validation, advantages, limitations and measured environmental concentrations are discussed. This methodology has minimal requirements in terms of materials, instruments and analyst training, which could represent a desirable tool for laboratories interested in the monitoring of glyphosate in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Sarah Bellmund
- United States National Park Service, Biscayne National Park, Homestead, FL, USA.
| | - Piero R Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Marek LJ, Koskinen WC. Simplified analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water, vegetation and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:1158-64. [PMID: 24254420 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a simple, fast, efficient and sensitive method for analysis of glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in diverse matrices such as water, vegetation and soil. RESULTS Aqueous extracts from water, vegetation and soil were passed through reverse-phase and cation-exchange columns and directly injected into a tandem mass spectrometer using only a guard column for separation. Extraction efficiencies from the three matrices were >80% for both glyphosate and AMPA. The method reporting levels (MRLs) for glyphosate in water, vegetation and soil were 3.04 µg L(-1) , 0.05 mg kg(-1) and 0.37 mg kg(-1) respectively. AMPA MRLs were 5.06 µg L(-1) for water, 0.08 mg kg(-1) for vegetation and 0.61 mg kg(-1) for soil. CONCLUSIONS A validated, simple and efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for routine analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in water, vegetation and soil that uses minimal sample handling and clean-up will facilitate the additional environmental research needed to address the continuing concerns related to increasing glyphosate use.
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Guo J, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Shen F, Sun C. Efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer between oppositely charged CdTe quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for turn-on fluorescence detection of glyphosate. Talanta 2014; 125:385-92. [PMID: 24840461 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We designed a turn-on fluorescence assay for glyphosate based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between negatively charged CdTe quantum dots capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA-CdTe-QDs) and positively charged gold nanoparticles stabilized with cysteamine (CS-AuNPs). Oppositely charged TGA-CdTe-QDs and CS-AuNPs can form FRET donor-acceptor assemblies due to electrostatic interactions, which effectively quench the fluorescence intensity of TGA-CdTe-QDs. The presence of glyphosate could induce the aggregation of CS-AuNPs through electrostatic interactions, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of the quenched QDs. This FRET-based method has been successfully utilized to detect glyphosate in apples with satisfactory results. The detection limit for glyphosate was 9.8 ng/kg (3σ), with the linear range of 0.02-2.0 μg/kg. The attractive sensitivity was obtained due to the efficient FRET and the superior fluorescence properties of QDs. The proposed method is a promising approach for rapid screening of glyphosate in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Guo
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yeli Luo
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Islas G, Rodriguez JA, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Pérez-Moreno F, Carrillo EG. DETERMINATION OF GLYPHOSATE AND AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID IN SOILS BY HPLC WITH PRE-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION USING 1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE-4-SULFONATE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.789801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Islas
- a Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca , Hgo , México
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- a Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca , Hgo , México
| | - Luis H. Mendoza-Huizar
- a Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca , Hgo , México
| | - Fidel Pérez-Moreno
- b Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca , Hgo , México
| | - E. Gabriela Carrillo
- c Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería , Universidad Autónoma de Baja California , Tijuana , B.C. , México
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da Silva ER, Segato TP, Coltro WKT, Lima RS, Carrilho E, Mazo LH. Determination of glyphosate and AMPA on polyester-toner electrophoresis microchip with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2107-11. [PMID: 23595638 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a method for rapid, simple, direct, and reproducible determination of glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The platform described herein uses polyester-toner microchips incorporating capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection and electrophoresis separation of the analytes. The polyester-toner microchip presented 150 μm-wide and 12 μm-deep microchannels, with injection and separation lengths of 10 and 40 mm long, respectively. The best results were obtained with 320 kHz frequency, 4.5 Vpp excitation voltage, 80 mmol/L CHES/Tris buffer at pH 8.8, injection in -1.0 kV for 7 s, and separation in -1.5 kV. RSD values related to the peak areas for glyphosate and AMPA were 1.5 and 3.3% and 10.1 and 8.6% for intra- and interchip assays, respectively. The detection limits were 45.1 and 70.5 μmol/L, respectively, without any attempt of preconcentration of the analytes. Finally, the method was applied to river water samples in which glyphosate and AMPA (1.0 mmol/L each) were added. The recovery results were 87.4 and 83.7% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The recovery percentages and LOD values obtained here were similar to others reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R da Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Samsel A, Seneff S. Glyphosate’s Suppression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Amino Acid Biosynthesis by the Gut Microbiome: Pathways to Modern Diseases. Entropy 2013; 15:1416-63. [DOI: 10.3390/e15041416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wei X, Gao X, Zhao L, Peng X, Zhou L, Wang J, Pu Q. Fast and interference-free determination of glyphosate and glufosinate residues through electrophoresis in disposable microfluidic chips. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:148-54. [PMID: 23398994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing concern on food safety, fast screening of residues of widespread herbicides becomes necessary. Herein we report a microchip electrophoresis system with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for rapid and sensitive analysis of glyphosate (GLYP) and glufosinate (GLUF) residues. Disposable cyclic olefin copolymer microchips and a low-cost LIF detector were employed to minimize the cost of the analysis. Systematic optimization of experimental conditions was performed to achieve highly efficient analysis. Under the selected condition, GLYP and GLUF were efficiently resolved from sample matrices with a buffer containing 10 mmol/L borax and 2.0% (m/v) hydroxypropyl cellulose at pH 9.0. The number of theoretical plates of 1.0×10(6) m(-1) was attained for both analytes. Derivatization at lower concentrations (<10 μg/L) was also examined, successful detection of 0.34 μg/L GLYP and 0.18 μg/L GLUF was confirmed. The system was applied for the determination of both analytes in real samples without any preconcentration involved. Recoveries of GLYP and GLUF spiked in these samples were 84.0-101.0% and 90.0-103.0%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Mazzei P, Piccolo A. Quantitative evaluation of noncovalent interactions between glyphosate and dissolved humic substances by NMR spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:5939-46. [PMID: 22591574 DOI: 10.1021/es300265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) herbicide (GLY) with soluble fulvic acids (FAs) and humic acids (HAs) at pH 5.2 and 7 were studied by (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Increasing concentrations of soluble humic matter determined broadening and chemical shift drifts of proton and phosphorus GLY signals, thereby indicating the occurrence of weak interactions between GLY and humic superstructures. Binding was larger for FAs and pH 5.2 than for HAs and pH 7, thus suggesting formation of hydrogen bonds between GLY carboxyl and phosphonate groups and protonated oxygen functions in humic matter. Changes in relaxation and correlation times of (1)H and (31)P signals and saturation transfer difference NMR experiments confirmed the noncovalent nature of GLY-humic interactions. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectra allowed calculation of the glyphosate fraction bound to humic superstructures and association constants (K(a)) and Gibbs free energies of transfer for GLY-humic complex formation at both pH values. These values showed that noncovalent interactions occurred most effectively with FAs and at pH 5.2. Our findings indicated that glyphosate may spontaneously and significantly bind to soluble humic matter by noncovalent interactions at slightly acidic pH and, thus, potentially pollute natural water bodies by moving through soil profiles in complexes with dissolved humus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Mazzei
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Horčičiak M, Masár M, Bodor R, Danč L, Bel P. Trace analysis of glyphosate in water by capillary electrophoresis on a chip with high sample volume loadability. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:674-80. [PMID: 22271676 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of trace glyphosate (GLYP), non-selective pesticide, by CZE with online ITP pre-treatment of drinking waters on a column-coupling (CC) chip has been developed. CC chip was equipped with two injection channels of 0.9 and 9.9 μL volumes, two separation channels of 9.3 μL total volume and a pair of conductivity detectors. A very effective ITP sample clean-up performed in the first channel at low pH (3.2) was introduced for quick CZE resolution and detection of GLYP carried out at higher pH (6.1) in the second channel on the CC chip. The LOD for GLYP was estimated at 2.5 μg/L (15 nmol/L) using a 9.9 |mL volume of the injection channel. ITP-CZE analyses of model and real samples have provided very favorable intra-day (0.1-1.2% RSD) and inter-day (2.9% RSD) repeatabilities of the migration time for GLYP while 0.2-6.9% RSD values were typical for the peak area data. Recoveries of GLYP in spiked drinking water varied in the range of 99-109%. A minimum pre-treatment of drinking water (degassing and dilution) and a short analysis time (ca. 10 min) were distinctive features of ITP-CZE determinations of GLYP on the CC chip with high sample volume loaded, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Horčičiak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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