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Rajpurohit YS, Sharma DK, Lal M, Soni I. A perspective on tumor radiation resistance following high-LET radiation treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:226. [PMID: 38696003 PMCID: PMC11065934 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is a promising alternative to conventional low-LET radiation for therapeutic gain against cancer owing to its ability to induce complex and clustered DNA lesions. However, the development of radiation resistance poses a significant barrier. The potential molecular mechanisms that could confer resistance development are translesion synthesis (TLS), replication gap suppression (RGS) mechanisms, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, release of exosomes, and epigenetic changes. This article will discuss various types of complex clustered DNA damage, their repair mechanisms, mutagenic potential, and the development of radiation resistance strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of careful consideration and patient selection when employing high-LET radiotherapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh Rajpurohit
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, DAE- Deemed University, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Sharma
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Mitu Lal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ishu Soni
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, DAE- Deemed University, Mumbai, 400094, India
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2
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Chen S, Pan C, Huang J, Liu T. ATR limits Rad18-mediated PCNA monoubiquitination to preserve replication fork and telomerase-independent telomere stability. EMBO J 2024; 43:1301-1324. [PMID: 38467834 PMCID: PMC10987609 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon replication fork stalling, the RPA-coated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) formed behind the fork activates the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase, concomitantly initiating Rad18-dependent monoubiquitination of PCNA. However, whether crosstalk exists between these two events and the underlying physiological implications of this interplay remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that during replication stress, ATR phosphorylates human Rad18 at Ser403, an adjacent residue to a previously unidentified PIP motif (PCNA-interacting peptide) within Rad18. This phosphorylation event disrupts the interaction between Rad18 and PCNA, thereby restricting the extent of Rad18-mediated PCNA monoubiquitination. Consequently, excessive accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein SLX4, now characterized as a novel reader of ubiquitinated PCNA, at stalled forks is prevented, contributing to the prevention of stalled fork collapse. We further establish that ATR preserves telomere stability in alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) cells by restricting Rad18-mediated PCNA monoubiquitination and excessive SLX4 accumulation at telomeres. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between ATR activation, Rad18-dependent PCNA monoubiquitination, and SLX4-associated stalled fork processing, emphasizing the critical role of ATR in preserving replication fork stability and facilitating telomerase-independent telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Pan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, 321000, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, and Department of General Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Muñoz S, Blanco-Romero E, González-Acosta D, Rodriguez-Acebes S, Megías D, Lopes M, Méndez J. RAD51 restricts DNA over-replication from re-activated origins. EMBO J 2024; 43:1043-1064. [PMID: 38360996 PMCID: PMC10942984 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rely on several mechanisms to ensure that the genome is duplicated precisely once in each cell division cycle, preventing DNA over-replication and genomic instability. Most of these mechanisms limit the activity of origin licensing proteins to prevent the reactivation of origins that have already been used. Here, we have investigated whether additional controls restrict the extension of re-replicated DNA in the event of origin re-activation. In a genetic screening in cells forced to re-activate origins, we found that re-replication is limited by RAD51 and enhanced by FBH1, a RAD51 antagonist. In the presence of chromatin-bound RAD51, forks stemming from re-fired origins are slowed down, leading to frequent events of fork reversal. Eventual re-initiation of DNA synthesis mediated by PRIMPOL creates ssDNA gaps that facilitate the partial elimination of re-duplicated DNA by MRE11 exonuclease. In the absence of RAD51, these controls are abrogated and re-replication forks progress much longer than in normal conditions. Our study uncovers a safeguard mechanism to protect genome stability in the event of origin reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Muñoz
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Romero
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Acosta
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Acebes
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Unit, Central Core Facilities, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Méndez
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Corazzi L, Ionasz V, Andrejev S, Wang LC, Vouzas A, Giaisi M, Di Muzio G, Ding B, Marx AJM, Henkenjohann J, Allers MM, Gilbert DM, Wei PC. Linear Interaction Between Replication and Transcription Shapes DNA Break Dynamics at Recurrent DNA Break Clusters. bioRxiv 2024:2023.08.22.554340. [PMID: 37662334 PMCID: PMC10473677 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent DNA break clusters (RDCs) are replication-transcription collision hotspots; many are unique to neural progenitor cells. Through high-resolution replication sequencing and a capture-ligation assay in mouse neural progenitor cells experiencing replication stress, we unraveled the replication features dictating RDC location and orientation. Most RDCs occur at the replication forks traversing timing transition regions (TTRs), where sparse replication origins connect unidirectional forks. Leftward-moving forks generate telomere-connected DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), while rightward-moving forks lead to centromere-connected DSBs. Strand-specific mapping for DNA-bound RNA revealed co-transcriptional dual-strand DNA:RNA hybrids present at a higher density in RDC than in other actively transcribed long genes. In addition, mapping RNA polymerase activity revealed that head-to-head interactions between replication and transcription machinery resulted in 60% DSB contribution to the head-on compared to 40% for co-directional. Our findings revealed TTR as a novel fragile class and highlighted how the linear interaction between transcription and replication impacts genome stability.
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Bin Y, Wei S, Chen R, Zhang H, Ren J, Liu P, Xin Z, Zhang T, Yang H, Wang K, Feng Z, Sun X, Chen Z, Zhang H. Dclre1c-Mutation-Induced Immunocompromised Mice Are a Novel Model for Human Xenograft Research. Biomolecules 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38397417 PMCID: PMC10887050 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice serve as a critical model for human xenotransplantation studies, yet they often suffer from low engraftment rates and susceptibility to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Moreover, certain SCID strains demonstrate 'immune leakage', underscoring the need for novel model development. Here, we introduce an SCID mouse model with a targeted disruption of the dclre1c gene, encoding Artemis, which is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA repair during T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) assembly. Artemis deficiency precipitates a profound immunodeficiency syndrome, marked by radiosensitivity and compromised T and B lymphocyte functionality. Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we generated dclre1c-deficient mice with an NOD genetic background. These mice exhibited a radiosensitive SCID phenotype, with pronounced DNA damage and defective thymic, splenic and lymph node development, culminating in reduced T and B lymphocyte populations. Notably, both cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenografts were successfully engrafted into these mice. Furthermore, the human immune system was effectively rebuilt following peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) transplantation. The dclre1c-knockout NOD mice described herein represent a promising addition to the armamentarium of models for xenotransplantation, offering a valuable platform for advancing human immunobiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Bin
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Sanhua Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China;
| | - Ruo Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Peijuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhiqian Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Haijiao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiuxuan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.B.); (R.C.); (J.R.); (P.L.); (Z.X.); (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (K.W.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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6
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Nickoloff JA, Jaiswal AS, Sharma N, Williamson EA, Tran MT, Arris D, Yang M, Hromas R. Cellular Responses to Widespread DNA Replication Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16903. [PMID: 38069223 PMCID: PMC10707325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicative DNA polymerases are blocked by nearly all types of DNA damage. The resulting DNA replication stress threatens genome stability. DNA replication stress is also caused by depletion of nucleotide pools, DNA polymerase inhibitors, and DNA sequences or structures that are difficult to replicate. Replication stress triggers complex cellular responses that include cell cycle arrest, replication fork collapse to one-ended DNA double-strand breaks, induction of DNA repair, and programmed cell death after excessive damage. Replication stress caused by specific structures (e.g., G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes) is localized but occurs during the S phase of every cell division. This review focuses on cellular responses to widespread stress such as that caused by random DNA damage, DNA polymerase inhibition/nucleotide pool depletion, and R-loops. Another form of global replication stress is seen in cancer cells and is termed oncogenic stress, reflecting dysregulated replication origin firing and/or replication fork progression. Replication stress responses are often dysregulated in cancer cells, and this too contributes to ongoing genome instability that can drive cancer progression. Nucleases play critical roles in replication stress responses, including MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase, CtIP, MRE11, EXO1, DNA2-BLM, SLX1-SLX4, XPF-ERCC1-SLX4, Artemis, XPG, FEN1, and TATDN2. Several of these nucleases cleave branched DNA structures at stressed replication forks to promote repair and restart of these forks. We recently defined roles for EEPD1 in restarting stressed replication forks after oxidative DNA damage, and for TATDN2 in mitigating replication stress caused by R-loop accumulation in BRCA1-defective cells. We also discuss how insights into biological responses to genome-wide replication stress can inform novel cancer treatment strategies that exploit synthetic lethal relationships among replication stress response factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Manh T. Tran
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Dominic Arris
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
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Wang YC, Kelso AA, Karamafrooz A, Chen YH, Chen WK, Cheng CT, Qi Y, Gu L, Malkas L, Taglialatela A, Kung HJ, Moldovan GL, Ciccia A, Stark JM, Ann DK. Arginine shortage induces replication stress and confers genotoxic resistance by inhibiting histone H4 translation and promoting PCNA ubiquitination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112296. [PMID: 36961817 PMCID: PMC10517088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The arginine dependency of cancer cells creates metabolic vulnerability. In this study, we examine the impact of arginine availability on DNA replication and genotoxicity resistance. Using DNA combing assays, we find that limiting extracellular arginine results in the arrest of cancer cells at S phase and a slowing or stalling of DNA replication. The translation of new histone H4 is arginine dependent and influences DNA replication. Increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) occupancy and helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF)-catalyzed PCNA K63-linked polyubiquitination protect arginine-starved cells from DNA damage. Arginine-deprived cancer cells display tolerance to genotoxicity in a PCNA K63-linked polyubiquitination-dependent manner. Our findings highlight the crucial role of extracellular arginine in nutrient-regulated DNA replication and provide potential avenues for the development of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Andrew A Kelso
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adak Karamafrooz
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chun-Ting Cheng
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Long Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linda Malkas
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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8
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Zhang D, Shimokawa T, Guo Q, Dan S, Miki Y, Sunada S. Discovery of novel DNA-damaging agents through phenotypic screening for DNA double-strand break. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1108-1117. [PMID: 36385507 PMCID: PMC9986057 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) seriously damage DNA and promote genomic instability that can lead to cell death. They are the source of conditions such as carcinogenesis and aging, but also have important applications in cancer therapy. Therefore, rapid detection and quantification of DSBs in cells are necessary for identifying carcinogenic and anticancer factors. In this study, we detected DSBs using a flow cytometry-based high-throughput method to analyze γH2AX intensity. We screened a chemical library containing 9600 compounds and detected multiple DNA-damaging compounds, although we could not identify mechanisms of action through this procedure. Thus, we also profiled a representative compound with the highest DSB potential, DNA-damaging agent-1 (DDA-1), using a bioinformatics-based method we termed "molecular profiling." Prediction and verification analysis revealed DDA-1 as a potential inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα, different from known inhibitors such as etoposide and doxorubicin. Additional investigation of DDA-1 analogs and xenograft models suggested that DDA-1 is a potential anticancer drug. In conclusion, our findings established that combining high-throughput DSB detection and molecular profiling to undertake phenotypic analysis is a viable method for efficient identification of novel DNA-damaging compounds for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Sunada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Rauth S, Ganguly K, Atri P, Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Varadharaj V, Nallasamy P, Vengoji R, Ogunleye AO, Lakshmanan I, Chirravuri R, Bessho M, Cox JL, Foster JM, Talmon GA, Bessho T, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Elevated PAF1-RAD52 axis confers chemoresistance to human cancers. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112043. [PMID: 36709426 PMCID: PMC10374878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin- and gemcitabine-based chemotherapeutics represent a mainstay of cancer therapy for most solid tumors; however, resistance limits their curative potential. Here, we identify RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) as a common driver of cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in human cancers (ovarian, lung, and pancreas). Mechanistically, cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant cells show enhanced DNA repair, which is inhibited by PAF1 silencing. We demonstrate an increased interaction of PAF1 with RAD52 in resistant cells. Targeting the PAF1 and RAD52 axis combined with cisplatin or gemcitabine strongly diminishes the survival potential of resistant cells. Overall, this study shows clinical evidence that the expression of PAF1 contributes to chemotherapy resistance and worse clinical outcome for lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Venkatesh Varadharaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ayoola O Ogunleye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mika Bessho
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason M Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Wang YC, Kelso AA, Karamafrooz A, Chen YH, Chen WK, Cheng CT, Qi Y, Gu L, Malkas L, Kung HJ, Moldovan GL, Ciccia A, Stark JM, Ann DK. Arginine shortage induces replication stress and confers genotoxic resistance by inhibiting histone H4 translation and promoting PCNA polyubiquitination. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.31.526362. [PMID: 36778247 PMCID: PMC9915598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The unique arginine dependencies of cancer cell proliferation and survival creates metabolic vulnerability. Here, we investigate the impact of extracellular arginine availability on DNA replication and genotoxic resistance. Using DNA combing assays, we find that when extracellular arginine is limited, cancer cells are arrested at S-phase and DNA replication forks slow or stall instantly until arginine is re-supplied. The translation of new histone H4 is arginine-dependent and impacts DNA replication and the expression of newly synthesized histone H4 is reduced in the avascular nutrient-poor breast cancer xenograft tumor cores. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increased PCNA occupancy and HLTF-catalyzed PCNA K63-linked polyubiquitination protects arginine-starved cells from hydroxyurea-induced, DNA2-catalyzed nascent strand degradation. Finally, arginine-deprived cancer cells are tolerant to genotoxic insults in a PCNA K63-linked polyubiquitination-dependent manner. Together, these findings reveal that extracellular arginine is the "linchpin" for nutrient-regulated DNA replication. Such information could be leveraged to expand current modalities or design new drug targets against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Andrew A. Kelso
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adak Karamafrooz
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei-Kai Chen
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chun-Ting Cheng
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Long Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linda Malkas
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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11
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Kang Y, An S, Min D, Lee JY. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques reveal molecular mechanisms underlying deoxyribonucleic acid damage repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973314. [PMID: 36185427 PMCID: PMC9520083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-molecule techniques have uncovered numerous biological secrets that cannot be disclosed by traditional methods. Among a variety of single-molecule methods, single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques enable real-time visualization of biomolecular interactions and have allowed the accumulation of convincing evidence. These techniques have been broadly utilized for studying DNA metabolic events such as replication, transcription, and DNA repair, which are fundamental biological reactions. In particular, DNA repair has received much attention because it maintains genomic integrity and is associated with diverse human diseases. In this review, we introduce representative single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques and survey how each technique has been employed for investigating the detailed mechanisms underlying DNA repair pathways. In addition, we briefly show how live-cell imaging at the single-molecule level contributes to understanding DNA repair processes inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Soyeong An
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Duyoung Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ja Yil Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute of Basic Sciences, Ulsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ja Yil Lee,
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12
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Abstract
DNA replication stress is a constant threat that cells must manage to proliferate and maintain genome integrity. DNA replication stress responses, a subset of the broader DNA damage response (DDR), operate when the DNA replication machinery (replisome) is blocked or replication forks collapse during S phase. There are many sources of replication stress, such as DNA lesions caused by endogenous and exogenous agents including commonly used cancer therapeutics, and difficult-to-replicate DNA sequences comprising fragile sites, G-quadraplex DNA, hairpins at trinucleotide repeats, and telomeres. Replication stress is also a consequence of conflicts between opposing transcription and replication, and oncogenic stress which dysregulates replication origin firing and fork progression. Cells initially respond to replication stress by protecting blocked replisomes, but if the offending problem (e.g., DNA damage) is not bypassed or resolved in a timely manner, forks may be cleaved by nucleases, inducing a DNA double-strand break (DSB) and providing a means to accurately restart stalled forks via homologous recombination. However, DSBs pose their own risks to genome stability if left unrepaired or misrepaired. Here we focus on replication stress response systems, comprising DDR signaling, fork protection, and fork processing by nucleases that promote fork repair and restart. Replication stress nucleases include MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase, CtIP, MRE11, EXO1, DNA2-BLM, SLX1-SLX4, XPF-ERCC1-SLX4, Artemis, XPG, and FEN1. Replication stress factors are important in cancer etiology as suppressors of genome instability associated with oncogenic mutations, and as potential cancer therapy targets to enhance the efficacy of chemo- and radiotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sage J. Allen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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13
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St Germain C, Zhao H, Barlow JH. Transcription-Replication Collisions-A Series of Unfortunate Events. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1249. [PMID: 34439915 PMCID: PMC8391903 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription-replication interactions occur when DNA replication encounters genomic regions undergoing transcription. Both replication and transcription are essential for life and use the same DNA template making conflicts unavoidable. R-loops, DNA supercoiling, DNA secondary structure, and chromatin-binding proteins are all potential obstacles for processive replication or transcription and pose an even more potent threat to genome integrity when these processes co-occur. It is critical to maintaining high fidelity and processivity of transcription and replication while navigating through a complex chromatin environment, highlighting the importance of defining cellular pathways regulating transcription-replication interaction formation, evasion, and resolution. Here we discuss how transcription influences replication fork stability, and the safeguards that have evolved to navigate transcription-replication interactions and maintain genome integrity in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Commodore St Germain
- School of Mathematics and Science, Solano Community College, 4000 Suisun Valley Road, Fairfield, CA 94534, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Jacqueline H. Barlow
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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14
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Ishimoto R, Tsuzuki Y, Matsumura T, Kurashige S, Enokitani K, Narimatsu K, Higa M, Sugimoto N, Yoshida K, Fujita M. SLX4-XPF mediates DNA damage responses to replication stress induced by DNA-protein interactions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211628. [PMID: 33347546 PMCID: PMC7754685 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) has a critical role in the maintenance of genomic integrity during chromosome replication. However, responses to replication stress evoked by tight DNA–protein complexes have not been fully elucidated. Here, we used bacterial LacI protein binding to lacO arrays to make site-specific replication fork barriers on the human chromosome. These barriers induced the accumulation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and various DDR proteins at the lacO site. SLX4–XPF functioned as an upstream factor for the accumulation of DDR proteins, and consequently, ATR and FANCD2 were interdependently recruited. Moreover, LacI binding in S phase caused underreplication and abnormal mitotic segregation of the lacO arrays. Finally, we show that the SLX4–ATR axis represses the anaphase abnormality induced by LacI binding. Our results outline a long-term process by which human cells manage nucleoprotein obstacles ahead of the replication fork to prevent chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Ishimoto
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yota Tsuzuki
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsumura
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kurashige
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kouki Enokitani
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Higa
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sugimoto
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yoshida
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Unrepaired, or misrepaired, DNA damage can contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of conditions, or disease states; thus, DNA damage repair pathways, and the proteins within them, are required for the safeguarding of the genome. Human SNM1A is a 5'-to-3' exonuclease that plays a role in multiple DNA damage repair processes. To date, most data suggest a role of SNM1A in primarily ICL repair: SNM1A deficient cells exhibit hypersensitivity to ICL-inducing agents (e.g. mitomycin C and cisplatin); and both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate SNM1A and XPF-ERCC1 can function together in the 'unhooking' step of ICL repair. SNM1A further interacts with a number of other proteins that contribute to genome integrity outside canonical ICL repair (e.g. PCNA and CSB), and these may play a role in regulating SNM1As function, subcellular localisation, and post-translational modification state. These data also provide further insight into other DNA repair pathways to which SNM1A may contribute. This review aims to discuss all aspects of the exonuclease, SNM1A, and its contribution to DNA damage tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah T Baddock
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Joseph A Newman
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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16
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Tanaka H, Watanabe T. Mechanisms Underlying Recurrent Genomic Amplification in Human Cancers. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:462-477. [PMID: 32383436 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Focal copy-number increases (genomic amplification) pinpoint oncogenic driver genes and therapeutic targets in cancer genomes. With the advent of genomic technologies, recurrent genomic amplification has been mapped throughout the genome. Recurrent amplification could be solely due to positive selection for the tumor-promoting effects of amplified gene products. Alternatively, recurrence could result from the susceptibility of the loci to amplification. Distinguishing between these possibilities requires a full understanding of the amplification mechanisms. Two mechanisms, the formation of double minute (DM) chromosomes and breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles, have been repeatedly linked to genomic amplification, and the impact of both mechanisms has been confirmed in cancer genomics data. We review the details of these mechanisms and discuss the mechanisms underlying recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90046, USA; Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90046, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90046, USA.
| | - Takaaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90046, USA; Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Peters DK, Garcea RL. Murine polyomavirus DNA transitions through spatially distinct nuclear replication subdomains during infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008403. [PMID: 32203554 PMCID: PMC7117779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of small DNA viruses requires both host DNA replication and repair factors that are often recruited to subnuclear domains termed viral replication centers (VRCs). Aside from serving as a spatial focus for viral replication, little is known about these dynamic areas in the nucleus. We investigated the organization and function of VRCs during murine polyomavirus (MuPyV) infection using 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM). We localized MuPyV replication center components, such as the viral large T-antigen (LT) and the cellular replication protein A (RPA), to spatially distinct subdomains within VRCs. We found that viral DNA (vDNA) trafficked sequentially through these subdomains post-synthesis, suggesting their distinct functional roles in vDNA processing. Additionally, we observed disruption of VRC organization and vDNA trafficking during mutant MuPyV infections or inhibition of DNA synthesis. These results reveal a dynamic organization of VRC components that coordinates virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K. Peters
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Garcea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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18
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Janel-Bintz R, Kuhn L, Frit P, Chicher J, Wagner J, Haracska L, Hammann P, Cordonnier AM. Proteomic Analysis of DNA Synthesis on a Structured DNA Template in Human Cellular Extracts: Interplay Between NHEJ and Replication-Associated Proteins. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900184. [PMID: 31999075 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is established that short inverted repeats trigger base substitution mutagenesis in human cells. However, how the replication machinery deals with structured DNA is unknown. It has been previously reported that in human cell-free extracts, DNA primer extension using a structured single-stranded template is transiently blocked at DNA hairpins. Here, the proteomic analysis of proteins bound to the DNA template is reported and evidence that the DNA-PK complex (DNA-PKcs and the Ku heterodimer) recognizes, and is activated by, structured single-stranded DNA is provided. Hijacking the DNA-PK complex by double-stranded oligonucleotides results in a large removal of the pausing sites and an elevated DNA extension efficiency. Conversely, DNA-PKcs inhibition results in its stabilization on the template, along with other proteins acting downstream in the Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) pathway, especially the XRCC4-DNA ligase 4 complex and the cofactor PAXX. Retention of NHEJ factors to the DNA in the absence of DNA-PKcs activity correlates with additional halts of primer extension, suggesting that these proteins hinder the progression of the DNA synthesis at these sites. Overall these results raise the possibility that, upon binding to hairpins formed onto ssDNA during fork progression, the DNA-PK complex interferes with replication fork dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régine Janel-Bintz
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, CNRS, Illkirch, 67412, France
| | - Lauriane Kuhn
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg - Esplanade, FR1589, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Frit
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Johana Chicher
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg - Esplanade, FR1589, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Wagner
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, CNRS, Illkirch, 67412, France
| | - Lajos Haracska
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, HU-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg - Esplanade, FR1589, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès M Cordonnier
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, CNRS, Illkirch, 67412, France
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19
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Malacaria E, Honda M, Franchitto A, Spies M, Pichierri P. Physiological and Pathological Roles of RAD52 at DNA Replication Forks. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E402. [PMID: 32050645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding basic molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of cancer cells is of outmost importance for identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for patient stratification and better therapy selection. One of these mechanisms, the response to replication stress, fuels cancer genomic instability. It is also an Achille’s heel of cancer. Thus, identification of pathways used by the cancer cells to respond to replication-stress may assist in the identification of new biomarkers and discovery of new therapeutic targets. Alternative mechanisms that act at perturbed DNA replication forks and involve fork degradation by nucleases emerged as crucial for sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics agents inducing replication stress. Despite its important role in homologous recombination and recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks in lower eukaryotes, RAD52 protein has been considered dispensable in human cells and the full range of its cellular functions remained unclear. Very recently, however, human RAD52 emerged as an important player in multiple aspects of replication fork metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we describe recent advances on RAD52’s key functions at stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks, in particular, the unexpected role of RAD52 as a gatekeeper, which prevents unscheduled processing of DNA. Last, we will discuss how these functions can be exploited using specific inhibitors in targeted therapy or for an informed therapy selection.
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20
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Franchet C, Hoffmann JS. When RAD52 Allows Mitosis to Accept Unscheduled DNA Synthesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:E26. [PMID: 31861741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful duplication of the human genome during the S phase of cell cycle and accurate segregation of sister chromatids in mitosis are essential for the maintenance of chromosome stability from one generation of cells to the next. Cells that are copying their DNA in preparation for division can suffer from ‘replication stress’ (RS) due to various external or endogenous impediments that slow or stall replication forks. RS is a major cause of pathologies including cancer, premature ageing and other disorders associated with genomic instability. It particularly affects genomic loci where progression of replication forks is intrinsically slow or problematic, such as common fragile site (CFS), telomeres, and repetitive sequences. Although the eukaryotic cell cycle is conventionally thought of as several separate steps, each of which must be completed before the next one is initiated, it is now accepted that incompletely replicated chromosomal domains generated in S phase upon RS at these genomic loci can result in late DNA synthesis in G2/M. In 2013, during investigations into the mechanism by which the specialized DNA polymerase eta (Pol η) contributes to the replication and stability of CFS, we unveiled that indeed some DNA synthesis was still occurring in early mitosis at these loci. This surprising observation of mitotic DNA synthesis that differs fundamentally from canonical semi-conservative DNA replication in S-phase has been then confirmed, called “MiDAS”and believed to counteract potentially lethal chromosome mis-segregation and non-disjunction. While other contributions in this Special Issue of Cancers focus on the role of RAS52RAD52 during MiDAS, this review emphases on the discovery of MiDAS and its molecular effectors.
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Porebski B, Wild S, Kummer S, Scaglione S, Gaillard PHL, Gari K. WRNIP1 Protects Reversed DNA Replication Forks from SLX4-Dependent Nucleolytic Cleavage. iScience 2019; 21:31-41. [PMID: 31654852 PMCID: PMC6820244 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During DNA replication stress, stalled replication forks need to be stabilized to prevent fork collapse and genome instability. The AAA + ATPase WRNIP1 (Werner Helicase Interacting Protein 1) has been implicated in the protection of stalled replication forks from nucleolytic degradation, but the underlying molecular mechanism has remained unclear. Here we show that WRNIP1 exerts its protective function downstream of fork reversal. Unexpectedly though, WRNIP1 is not part of the well-studied BRCA2-dependent branch of fork protection but seems to protect the junction point of reversed replication forks from SLX4-mediated endonucleolytic degradation, possibly by directly binding to reversed replication forks. This function is specific to the shorter, less abundant, and less conserved variant of WRNIP1. Overall, our data suggest that in the absence of BRCA2 and WRNIP1 different DNA substrates are generated at reversed forks but that nascent strand degradation in both cases depends on the activity of exonucleases and structure-specific endonucleases. WRNIP1, as BRCA2, protects stalled replication forks downstream of fork reversal WRNIP1 and BRCA2 act in two different branches of the fork protection pathway WRNIP1 protects from SLX4-mediated nucleolytic cleavage, possibly by direct binding Fork protection function is specific to the shorter isoform of WRNIP1
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Porebski
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Wild
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Kummer
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Scaglione
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Henri L Gaillard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Kerstin Gari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Pich D, Mrozek-Gorska P, Bouvet M, Sugimoto A, Akidil E, Grundhoff A, Hamperl S, Ling PD, Hammerschmidt W. First Days in the Life of Naive Human B Lymphocytes Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus. mBio 2019; 10:e01723-19. [PMID: 31530670 PMCID: PMC6751056 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01723-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects and activates resting human B lymphocytes, reprograms them, induces their proliferation, and establishes a latent infection in them. In established EBV-infected cell lines, many viral latent genes are expressed. Their roles in supporting the continuous proliferation of EBV-infected B cells in vitro are known, but their functions in the early, prelatent phase of infection have not been investigated systematically. In studies during the first 8 days of infection using derivatives of EBV with mutations in single genes of EBVs, we found only Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) to be essential for activating naive human B lymphocytes, inducing their growth in cell volume, driving them into rapid cell divisions, and preventing cell death in a subset of infected cells. EBNA-LP, latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), and the viral microRNAs have supportive, auxiliary functions, but mutants of LMP1, EBNA3A, EBNA3C, and the noncoding Epstein-Barr virus with small RNA (EBERs) had no discernible phenotype compared with wild-type EBV. B cells infected with a double mutant of EBNA3A and 3C had an unexpected proliferative advantage and did not regulate the DNA damage response (DDR) of the infected host cell in the prelatent phase. Even EBNA1, which has very critical long-term functions in maintaining and replicating the viral genomic DNA in established cell lines, was dispensable for the early activation of infected cells. Our findings document that the virus dose is a decisive parameter and indicate that EBNA2 governs the infected cells initially and implements a strictly controlled temporal program independent of other viral latent genes. It thus appears that EBNA2 is sufficient to control all requirements for clonal cellular expansion and to reprogram human B lymphocytes from energetically quiescent to activated cells.IMPORTANCE The preferred target of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is human resting B lymphocytes. We found that their infection induces a well-coordinated, time-driven program that starts with a substantial increase in cell volume, followed by cellular DNA synthesis after 3 days and subsequent rapid rounds of cell divisions on the next day accompanied by some DNA replication stress (DRS). Two to 3 days later, the cells decelerate and turn into stably proliferating lymphoblast cell lines. With the aid of 16 different recombinant EBV strains, we investigated the individual contributions of EBV's multiple latent genes during early B-cell infection and found that many do not exert a detectable phenotype or contribute little to EBV's prelatent phase. The exception is EBNA2 that is essential in governing all aspects of B-cell reprogramming. EBV relies on EBNA2 to turn the infected B lymphocytes into proliferating lymphoblasts preparing the infected host cell for the ensuing stable, latent phase of viral infection. In the early steps of B-cell reprogramming, viral latent genes other than EBNA2 are dispensable, but some, EBNA-LP, for example, support the viral program and presumably stabilize the infected cells once viral latency is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Pich
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Mrozek-Gorska
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Mickaël Bouvet
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Atsuko Sugimoto
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ezgi Akidil
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hamperl
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul D Ling
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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Charrier S, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Poletti V, Rothe M, Cédrone G, Gjata B, Mavilio F, Fischer A, Schambach A, de Villartay JP, Cavazzana M, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Galy A. Biosafety Studies of a Clinically Applicable Lentiviral Vector for the Gene Therapy of Artemis-SCID. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 15:232-245. [PMID: 31720302 PMCID: PMC6838972 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of the nuclease DCLRE1C/Artemis causes radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency (RS-SCID) with lack of peripheral T and B cells and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiations. Gene therapy based on transplanting autologous gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells could significantly improve the health of patients with RS-SCID by correcting their immune system. A lentiviral vector expressing physiological levels of human ARTEMIS mRNA from an EF1a promoter without post-transcriptional regulation was developed as a safe clinically applicable candidate for RS-SCID gene therapy. The vector was purified in GMP-comparable conditions and was not toxic in vitro or in vivo. Long-term engraftment of vector-transduced hematopoietic cells was achieved in irradiated Artemis-deficient mice following primary and secondary transplantation (6 months each). Vector-treated mice displayed T and B lymphopoiesis and polyclonal T cells, had structured lymphoid tissues, and produced immunoglobulins. Benign signs of inflammation were noted following secondary transplants, likely a feature of the model. There was no evidence of transgene toxicity and no induction of hematopoietic malignancy. In vitro, the vector had low genotoxic potential on murine hematopoietic progenitor cells using an immortalization assay. Altogether, these preclinical data show safety and efficacy, and support further development of the vector for the gene therapy of RS-SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Charrier
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, UMR 1163, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Poletti
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Grégory Cédrone
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Bernard Gjata
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- INSERM, UMR 1163, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Immunology Pediatric Department, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, UMR1163, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, UMR 1163, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002 Evry, France
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Kim SM, Forsburg SL. Regulation of Structure-Specific Endonucleases in Replication Stress. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120634. [PMID: 30558228 PMCID: PMC6316474 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication stress results in various forms of aberrant replication intermediates that need to be resolved for faithful chromosome segregation. Structure-specific endonucleases (SSEs) recognize DNA secondary structures rather than primary sequences and play key roles during DNA repair and replication stress. Holliday junction resolvase MUS81 (methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), and UV-sensitive protein 81) and XPF (xeroderma pigmentosum group F-complementing protein) are a subset of SSEs that resolve aberrant replication structures. To ensure genome stability and prevent unnecessary DNA breakage, these SSEs are tightly regulated by the cell cycle and replication checkpoints. We discuss the regulatory network that control activities of MUS81 and XPF and briefly mention other SSEs involved in the resolution of replication intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Program in Molecular & Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Susan L Forsburg
- Program in Molecular & Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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