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Tong CS, Su M, Sun H, Chua XL, Xiong D, Guo S, Raj R, Ong NWP, Lee AG, Miao Y, Wu M. Collective dynamics of actin and microtubule and its crosstalk mediated by FHDC1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1261117. [PMID: 38567385 PMCID: PMC10985548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordination between actin and microtubule network is crucial, yet this remains a challenging problem to dissect and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we used travelling waves in the cell cortex to characterize the collective dynamics of cytoskeletal networks. Our findings show that Cdc42 and F-BAR-dependent actin waves in mast cells are mainly driven by formin-mediated actin polymerization, with the microtubule-binding formin FH2 domain-containing protein 1 (FHDC1) as an early regulator. Knocking down FHDC1 inhibits actin wave formation, and this inhibition require FHDC1's interaction with both microtubule and actin. The phase of microtubule depolymerization coincides with the nucleation of actin waves and microtubule stabilization inhibit actin waves, leading us to propose that microtubule shrinking and the concurrent release of FHDC1 locally regulate actin nucleation. Lastly, we show that FHDC1 is crucial for multiple cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Our data provided molecular insights into the nucleation mechanisms of actin waves and uncover an antagonistic interplay between microtubule and actin polymerization in their collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee San Tong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - He Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang Le Chua
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ravin Raj
- Special Programme in Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Wen Pei Ong
- Special Programme in Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ann Gie Lee
- Special Programme in Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Barberi L, Kruse K. Localized States in Active Fluids. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:238401. [PMID: 38134762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.238401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological active matter is typically tightly coupled to chemical reaction networks affecting its assembly-disassembly dynamics and stress generation. We show that localized states can emerge spontaneously if assembly of active matter is regulated by chemical species that are advected with flows resulting from gradients in the active stress. The mechanochemical localized patterns form via a subcritical bifurcation and for parameter values for which patterns do not exist in absence of the advective coupling. Our work identifies a generic mechanism underlying localized cellular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Barberi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- NCCR for Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Würthner L, Goychuk A, Frey E. Geometry-induced patterns through mechanochemical coupling. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:014404. [PMID: 37583206 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.014404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular protein patterns regulate a variety of vital cellular processes such as cell division and motility, which often involve dynamic cell-shape changes. These changes in cell shape may in turn affect the dynamics of pattern-forming proteins, hence leading to an intricate feedback loop between cell shape and chemical dynamics. While several computational studies have examined the rich resulting dynamics, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. To elucidate some of these mechanisms, we explore a conceptual model for cell polarity on a dynamic one-dimensional manifold. Using concepts from differential geometry, we derive the equations governing mass-conserving reaction-diffusion systems on time-evolving manifolds. Analyzing these equations mathematically, we show that dynamic shape changes of the membrane can induce pattern-forming instabilities in parts of the membrane, which we refer to as regional instabilities. Deformations of the local membrane geometry can also (regionally) suppress pattern formation and spatially shift already existing patterns. We explain our findings by applying and generalizing the local equilibria theory of mass-conserving reaction-diffusion systems. This allows us to determine a simple onset criterion for geometry-induced pattern-forming instabilities, which is linked to the phase-space structure of the reaction-diffusion system. The feedback loop between membrane shape deformations and reaction-diffusion dynamics then leads to a surprisingly rich phenomenology of patterns, including oscillations, traveling waves, and standing waves, even if these patterns do not occur in systems with a fixed membrane shape. Our paper reveals that the local conformation of the membrane geometry acts as an important dynamical control parameter for pattern formation in mass-conserving reaction-diffusion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laeschkir Würthner
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Andriy Goychuk
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Hofgartenstraße 8, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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Ma N, Xu E, Luo Q, Song G. Rac1: A Regulator of Cell Migration and A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072976. [PMID: 37049739 PMCID: PMC10096471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound repair, immune response and cancer invasion/metastasis. There are many factors affecting cell migration, and the regulatory mechanisms are complex. Rac1 is a GTP-binding protein with small molecular weight belonging to the Rac subfamily of the Rho GTPase family. As a key molecule in regulating cell migration, Rac1 participates in signal transduction from the external cell to the actin cytoskeleton and promotes the establishment of cell polarity which plays an important role in cancer cell invasion/metastasis. In this review, we firstly introduce the molecular structure and activity regulation of Rac1, and then summarize the role of Rac1 in cancer invasion/metastasis and other physiological processes. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of Rac1 in cell migration and highlight it as a potential target in cancer therapy. Finally, the current state as well as the future challenges in this area are considered. Understanding the role and the regulatory mechanism of Rac1 in cell migration can provide fundamental insights into Rac1-related cancer progression and further help us to develop novel intervention strategies for cancer therapy in clinic.
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Wortel IMN, Textor J. Interpreting T-cell search "strategies" in the light of evolution under constraints. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010918. [PMID: 36848395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two decades of in vivo imaging have revealed how diverse T-cell motion patterns can be. Such recordings have sparked the notion of search "strategies": T cells may have evolved ways to search for antigen efficiently depending on the task at hand. Mathematical models have indeed confirmed that several observed T-cell migration patterns resemble a theoretical optimum; for example, frequent turning, stop-and-go motion, or alternating short and long motile runs have all been interpreted as deliberately tuned behaviours, optimising the cell's chance of finding antigen. But the same behaviours could also arise simply because T cells cannot follow a straight, regular path through the tight spaces they navigate. Even if T cells do follow a theoretically optimal pattern, the question remains: which parts of that pattern have truly been evolved for search, and which merely reflect constraints from the cell's migration machinery and surroundings? We here employ an approach from the field of evolutionary biology to examine how cells might evolve search strategies under realistic constraints. Using a cellular Potts model (CPM), where motion arises from intracellular dynamics interacting with cell shape and a constraining environment, we simulate evolutionary optimization of a simple task: explore as much area as possible. We find that our simulated cells indeed evolve their motility patterns. But the evolved behaviors are not shaped solely by what is functionally optimal; importantly, they also reflect mechanistic constraints. Cells in our model evolve several motility characteristics previously attributed to search optimisation-even though these features are not beneficial for the task given here. Our results stress that search patterns may evolve for other reasons than being "optimal". In part, they may be the inevitable side effects of interactions between cell shape, intracellular dynamics, and the diverse environments T cells face in vivo.
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Callan-Jones A. Self-organization in amoeboid motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000071. [PMID: 36313569 PMCID: PMC9614430 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoeboid motility has come to refer to a spectrum of cell migration modes enabling a cell to move in the absence of strong, specific adhesion. To do so, cells have evolved a range of motile surface movements whose physical principles are now coming into view. In response to external cues, many cells—and some single-celled-organisms—have the capacity to turn off their default migration mode. and switch to an amoeboid mode. This implies a restructuring of the migration machinery at the cell scale and suggests a close link between cell polarization and migration mediated by self-organizing mechanisms. Here, I review recent theoretical models with the aim of providing an integrative, physical picture of amoeboid migration.
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Yochelis A, Flemming S, Beta C. Versatile Patterns in the Actin Cortex of Motile Cells: Self-Organized Pulses Can Coexist with Macropinocytic Ring-Shaped Waves. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:088101. [PMID: 36053696 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.088101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized patterns in the actin cytoskeleton are essential for eukaryotic cellular life. They are the building blocks of many functional structures that often operate simultaneously to facilitate, for example, nutrient uptake and movement of cells. However, identifying how qualitatively distinct actin patterns can coexist remains a challenge. Using bifurcation theory of a mass conserved activator-inhibitor system, we uncover a generic mechanism of how different actin waves-traveling waves and excitable pulses-organize and simultaneously emerge. Live-cell imaging experiments indeed reveal that narrow, planar, and fast-moving excitable pulses may coexist with ring-shaped macropinocytic actin waves in the cortex of motile amoeboid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Yochelis
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sven Flemming
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Carsten Beta
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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Hohmann T, Hohmann U, Dahlmann M, Kobelt D, Stein U, Dehghani F. MACC1-Induced Collective Migration Is Promoted by Proliferation Rather Than Single Cell Biomechanics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122857. [PMID: 35740524 PMCID: PMC9221534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is a marker for metastasis, tumor cell migration, and increased proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumors with high MACC1 expression show a worse prognosis and higher invasion into neighboring structures. Yet, many facets of the pro-migratory effects are not fully understood. Atomic force microscopy and single cell live imaging were used to quantify biomechanical and migratory properties in low- and high-MACC1-expressing CRC cells. Furthermore, collective migration and expansion of small, cohesive cell colonies were analyzed using live cell imaging and particle image velocimetry. Lastly, the impact of proliferation on collective migration was determined by inhibition of proliferation using mitomycin. MACC1 did not affect elasticity, cortex tension, and single cell migration of CRC cells but promoted collective migration and colony expansion in vitro. Measurements of the local velocities in the dense cell layers revealed proliferation events as regions of high local speeds. Inhibition of proliferation via mitomycin abrogated the MACC1-associated effects on the collective migration speeds. A simple simulation revealed that the expansion of cell clusters without proliferation appeared to be determined mostly by single cell properties. MACC1 overexpression does not influence single cell biomechanics and migration but only collective migration in a proliferation-dependent manner. Thus, targeting proliferation in high-MACC1-expressing tumors may offer additional effects on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (F.D.); Tel.: +49-9406-3432 (U.S.); +49-345-5571-944 (F.D.); Fax: +49-345-5571-700 (F.D.)
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (F.D.); Tel.: +49-9406-3432 (U.S.); +49-345-5571-944 (F.D.); Fax: +49-345-5571-700 (F.D.)
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9
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Wong M, Gilmour D. Going your own way: Self-guidance mechanisms in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:116-123. [PMID: 34403875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
How cells and tissues migrate from one location to another is a question of significant biological and medical relevance. Migration is generally thought to be controlled by external hardwired guidance cues, which cells follow by polarizing their internal locomotory machinery in the imposed direction. However, a number of recently discovered 'self-guidance' mechanisms have revealed that migrating cells have more control over the path they follow than previously thought. Here, directional information is generated by the migrating cells themselves via a dynamic interplay of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulators. In this review, we discuss how self-guidance can emerge from mechanisms acting at different levels of scale and how these enable cells to rapidly adapt to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Wong
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Darren Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wortel IMN, Niculescu I, Kolijn PM, Gov NS, de Boer RJ, Textor J. Local actin dynamics couple speed and persistence in a cellular Potts model of cell migration. Biophys J 2021; 120:2609-2622. [PMID: 34022237 PMCID: PMC8390880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is astoundingly diverse. Molecular signatures, cell-cell interactions, and environmental structures each play their part in shaping cell motion, yielding numerous morphologies and migration modes. Nevertheless, in recent years, a simple unifying law was found to describe cell migration across many different cell types and contexts: faster cells turn less frequently. This universal coupling between speed and persistence (UCSP) was explained by retrograde actin flow from front to back, but it remains unclear how this mechanism generalizes to cells with complex shapes and cells migrating in structured environments, which may not have a well-defined front-to-back orientation. Here, we present an in-depth characterization of an existing cellular Potts model, in which cells polarize dynamically from a combination of local actin dynamics (stimulating protrusions) and global membrane tension along the perimeter (inhibiting protrusions). We first show that the UCSP emerges spontaneously in this model through a cross talk of intracellular mechanisms, cell shape, and environmental constraints, resembling the dynamic nature of cell migration in vivo. Importantly, we find that local protrusion dynamics suffice to reproduce the UCSP-even in cases in which no clear global, front-to-back polarity exists. We then harness the spatial nature of the cellular Potts model to show how cell shape dynamics limit both the speed and persistence a cell can reach and how a rigid environment such as the skin can restrict cell motility even further. Our results broaden the range of potential mechanisms underlying the speed-persistence coupling that has emerged as a fundamental property of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge M N Wortel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Data Science, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ioana Niculescu
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Martijn Kolijn
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nir S Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rob J de Boer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Data Science, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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