1
|
Vohra P, Khorsandi N, Baskota SU. A comprehensive review of anal cancer-with a special focus on anal cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2024; 13:122-140. [PMID: 38097479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of anal cancer is relatively uncommon, but its incidence has been steadily increasing in high-risk populations. In the 2001 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, anal cytology was introduced as a component. Since then, it has been recognized as a potential tool for screening anal cancer, often in conjunction with high-resolution anoscopy. There are notable similarities between anal cancer and cervical cancer, including the causative role of human papillomavirus. However, there are also significant differences, particularly in terms of disease prevalence. Anal cytology may be used as a primary screening test, and in the event of abnormalities, patients are subsequently directed for high-resolution anoscopy. However, the best approach for anal cancer screening is yet to be determined and uniformly implemented. This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology and incidence of anal precursor and malignant lesions. It explores the various methods of sample procurement, preparation, interpretation (including sensitivity and specificity), and reporting terminology in anal cytology. The article also addresses the significance of concurrent high-risk human papillomavirus screening in anal cytology and its role in screening programs. Furthermore, it discusses the follow-up, prevention, and subsequent management strategies for anal cancers. By synthesizing current knowledge in these areas, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of anal cytology and its implications in the early detection, prevention, and management of anal neoplasia and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Nikka Khorsandi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Swikrity Upadhyay Baskota
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong YH, Luo YH, Liu CJ, Huang WY, Feng L, Zou XY, Zhou JY, Li XR. Changes in microbial composition and interaction patterns of female urogenital tract and rectum in response to HPV infection. J Transl Med 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38303030 PMCID: PMC10832222 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that changes in the microbial community of the female urogenital tract are associated with Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, research on this association was mostly focused on a single site, and there are currently few joint studies on HPV infection and multiple sites in the female urogenital tract. METHODS We selected 102 healthy women from Yunnan Province as the research object, collected cervical exfoliation fluid, vaginal, urethral, and rectal swabs for microbial community analysis, and measured bacterial load, and related cytokine content. The link between HPV, microbiota, and inflammation was comprehensively evaluated using bioinformatics methods. FINDINGS The impact of HPV infection on the microbial composition of different parts varies. We have identified several signature bacterial genera that respond to HPV infection in several detection sites, such as Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Cutibacterium have been detected in multiple sites, reflecting their potential significance in cross body sites HPV infection responses. There was a solid microbial interaction network between the cervix, vagina, and urethra. The interrelationships between inflammatory factors and different bacterial genera might also affect the immune system's response to HPV infection. INTERPRETATION It might be an effective strategy to prevent and treat HPV infection by simultaneously understanding the correlation between the microbial changes in multiple parts of the female urogenital tract and rectum and HPV infection, and controlling the microbial network related to HPV infection in different parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen-Jian Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Guangdong Hybribio Biotech Co., Ltd., Chaozhou, 521000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Zou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhou
- Pediatrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spindler L, Etienney I, Abramowitz L, de Parades V, Pigot F, Siproudhis L, Adam J, Balzano V, Bouchard D, Bouta N, Bucau M, Carlo A, Chanal J, Charpentier C, Clifford G, Draullette M, Fathallah N, Ferré V, Fléjou JF, Fouéré S, Higuero T, Kassouri L, Kurt S, Laurain A, Leclerc E, Lepiller Q, Lesage AC, Mège D, Ménard A, Merle P, Mortreux P, Noël C, Péré H, Prétet JL, Roland D, Staumont G, Tracanelli L, Vuitton L, Wylomanski S, Zaegel-Faucher O. Screening for precancerous anal lesions linked to human papillomaviruses: French recommendations for clinical practice. Tech Coloproctol 2024; 28:23. [PMID: 38198036 PMCID: PMC10781838 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In France, about 2000 new cases of anal cancer are diagnosed annually. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type, mostly occurring secondary to persistent HPV16 infection. Invasive cancer is preceded by precancerous lesions. In addition to patients with a personal history of precancerous lesions and anal cancer, three groups are at very high risk of anal cancer: (i) men who have sex with men and are living with HIV, (ii) women with a history of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) or vulvar HPV cancer, and (iii) women who received a solid organ transplant more than 10 years ago. The purpose of screening is to detect HSILs so that they can be treated, thereby reducing the risk of progression to cancer. All patients with symptoms should undergo a proctological examination including standard anoscopy. For asymptomatic patients at risk, an initial HPV16 test makes it possible to target patients at risk of HSILs likely to progress to cancer. Anal cytology is a sensitive test for HSIL detection. Its sensitivity is greater than 80% and exceeds that of proctological examination with standard anoscopy. It is indicated in the event of a positive HPV16 test. In the presence of cytological abnormalities and/or lesions and a suspicion of dysplasia on clinical examination, high-resolution anoscopy is indicated. Performance is superior to that of proctological examination with standard anoscopy. However, this technique is not widely available, which limits its use. If high-resolution anoscopy is not possible, screening by a standard proctological examination is an alternative. There is a need to develop high-resolution anoscopy and triage tests and to evaluate screening strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Spindler
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.
| | - I Etienney
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Diaconesses-Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France
| | - L Abramowitz
- Service de Proctologie, APHP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard and Ramsay GDS Clinique Blomet, Paris, France
| | - V de Parades
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - F Pigot
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - L Siproudhis
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - J Adam
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V Balzano
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - D Bouchard
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - N Bouta
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Proctologie, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - M Bucau
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, AP-HP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - A Carlo
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - J Chanal
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - C Charpentier
- Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, INSERM, IAME, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Draullette
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Assistance Nutritive, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - N Fathallah
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V Ferré
- Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, INSERM, IAME, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J-F Fléjou
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Cerbapath, Paris, France
| | - S Fouéré
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre des Maladies Sexuellement Transmises, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - T Higuero
- Gastro-entérologue, proctologue medico-chirurgical, Beausoleil, France
| | - L Kassouri
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - S Kurt
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A Laurain
- Service de Proctologie, APHP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard and Ramsay GDS Clinique Blomet, Paris, France
| | - E Leclerc
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, 3iHP, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Q Lepiller
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - A-C Lesage
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Diaconesses-Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France
| | - D Mège
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Université d'Aix Marseille, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - A Ménard
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, AP-HM, Hôpital Nord, Université d'Aix Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - P Merle
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Proctologie, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - P Mortreux
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier de Bethune Beuvry, Beuvry, France
| | - C Noël
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - H Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J-L Prétet
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Besançon, France
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - D Roland
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - G Staumont
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Proctologie, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - L Tracanelli
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - L Vuitton
- Service de Gastroentérologie, CHU de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - S Wylomanski
- Service de Gynécologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - O Zaegel-Faucher
- Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Clinique, AP-HM, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tchouaket MCT, Ka’e AC, Semengue ENJ, Sosso SM, Simo RK, Yagai B, Nka AD, Chenwi CA, Abba A, Fainguem N, Perno CF, Colizzi V, Fokam J. Variability of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Associated Factors among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1032. [PMID: 37623992 PMCID: PMC10458438 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) carries the highest burden of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the world, driven by, and together with, HIV infection. This systematic review aimed to identify HR-HPV genotypes and their associated factors among women in SSA. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in SSA on HR-HPV was conducted. Standard electronic databases were searched. R software version 3.6.0 was used for meta-analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS We included 28 articles with a total of 22,652 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes was 55.13%, albeit high heterogeneity between studies. The overall pooled prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes in HIV-positive individuals was 75.51%, compared to 52.97% in HIV-negatives (OR = 4.68 (0.71-30.76)). HPV 16 (18%), 35 (10.12%), 52 (9.98%), 18 (9.7%) and 45 (6.82%) genotypes were the most prevalent. Twelve studies identified the most frequently reported risk factors associated with HR-HPV, with HIV infection (66.66%), multiple sexual partners (41.66%) and young age (41.66%) being the most reported risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The combined prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes among women in general and HIV-infected women in particular remains high in SSA. The presence of several genotypes not covered by the vaccine is remarkable and suggests the need for revision of current vaccination policies to prevent HR-HPV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1110, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
| | - Rachel Kamgaing Simo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
| | - Bouba Yagai
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Collins Ambe Chenwi
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aissatou Abba
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
| | - Nadine Fainguem
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | | | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1110, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buéa P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dube Mandishora RS, Rounge TB, Fitzpatrick M, Christiansen IK, Ambur OH, Lagström S, Stray-Pedersen B, Tommasino M, Palefsky J, Chirenje ZM. Correction: Self-collected and clinician-collected anal swabs show modest agreement for HPV genotyping. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288418. [PMID: 37418482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250426.].
Collapse
|
6
|
Conde-Ferráez L, Chan-Mezeta A, Gómez-Carballo JG, Ayora-Talavera G, González-Losa MDR. Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Infecting the Anal Canal and Cervix in HIV+ Men and Women, Anal Cytology, and Risk Factors for Anal Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36839524 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasias associated with HPV is rising worldwide. In the general population, this pathology is rare, but individuals living with HIV/AIDS are at a significantly higher risk. We aimed to study HPV infection and performed cytological screening to study the epidemiological and behavioral determinants in a group of men and women living with HIV from a region in Mexico with high HIV incidence. This was a cross-sectional study including adults living with HIV/AIDS performed in Merida (Mexico). We invited patients of public HIV/STD clinics and those affiliated with social organizations of people living with HIV to participate in the study. Participants responded to an instrument to assess their risky behaviors and clinical history. Swabs from the anal canal and cervix and anal cytology specimens were obtained by medical staff from women and by self-sampling from men. For the 200 participants, 169 men and 31 women, anal HPV PCR tests resulted in 59.8% positivity (62.6% of men and 45.2% of women), and 17 genotypes were identified. The most frequent high-risk (HR) types for the anal canal were: HPV33 (35.3%), HPV58 (20.6%), HPV66 (18.6%), HPV45 (17.6%), and HPV16 (14.7%). Multiple genotypes were found in over 80% of the participants. Receptive anal intercourse in the previous 12 months, inconsistent condom use, and detectable HIV titers (≥50 cc/mL) were associated with HPV infection (p < 0.05). Cytology (smears and liquid-based) identified that 34.6% of the participants had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), and 3.5% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Neither HPV nor lesions were associated with low CD4+ counts (<200 cells/mm3, p > 0.05). Of the women, 60% were infected in the cervix and 45% in the anal canal, with an agreement of at least one genotype in 90%. The HR-HPV types associated with HSILs were HPV66, 33, 52, 51, 45, 18, and 68.
Collapse
|
7
|
Paraná VC, Souza Santos D, Barreto de Souza Silva DI, Lima GC, Gois LL, Santos LA. Anal and cervical human papillomavirus genotypes in women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus: A systematic review. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:530-543. [PMID: 35333098 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221076293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are sexually transmitted. There are several HPV genotypes and clinical manifestations. Determining which genotypes circulate worldwide and/or in specific geographic areas can help with prevention programs and vaccine distribution. This systematic review aimed to investigate the most frequent anal and cervical HPV genotypes in women co-infected with HPV/HIV. The PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases were used to search for articles published between January 2015 and August 2021, and the included articles followed the defined selection criteria. Based on the 51 articles included, HPV16 was the most prevalent (41%) genotype, followed by HPV52 (17%) and HPV58 (14%). Based on the comparative analyses of the HIV-negative women with HPV and the HPV/HIV co-infected groups, HPV16 was frequent in both groups; HPV58, HPV31, and HPV52 were more frequent in the co-infected group; and HPV18 was more common in HIV-negative women with HPV. HPV/HIV co-infected women most frequently presented the HPV genotypes 16, 58, and 52, whereas HIV-negative women with HPV had a higher frequency of HPV16, HPV18, and HPV52 genotypes. The results indicate the importance of genotype surveillance as a strategy to improve preventive measures against HPV infection and its complications. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42020220121.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Paraná
- 156427Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Davi Souza Santos
- 156427Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela C Lima
- 156427Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luana L Gois
- 156427Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Catholic University of Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciane Amorim Santos
- 156427Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Catholic University of Salvador, Salvador, Brazil.,Bahia School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|