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Salimian Rizi B, Achreja A, Nagrath D. Nitric Oxide: The Forgotten Child of Tumor Metabolism. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:659-672. [PMID: 28867169 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with pleiotropic physiological roles in normal cells and pathophysiological roles in cancer. NO synthetase expression and NO synthesis are linked to altered metabolism, neoplasticity, invasiveness, chemoresistance, immune evasion, and ultimately to poor prognosis of cancer patients. Exogenous NO in the microenvironment facilitates paracrine signaling, mediates immune responses, and triggers angiogenesis. NO regulates posttranslational protein modifications, S-nitrosation, and genome-wide epigenetic modifications that can have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. We review mechanisms that link NO to cancer hallmarks, with a perspective of co-targeting NO metabolism with first-line therapies for improved outcome. We highlight the need for quantitative flux analysis to study NO in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Agilent Technologies, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Huang FY, Chan AOO, Rashid A, Wong DKH, Seto WK, Cho CH, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Interleukin-1β increases the risk of gastric cancer through induction of aberrant DNA methylation in a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2919-2924. [PMID: 27073577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a significant role in chronic gastric inflammation and manifestations of gastric diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the specific role of IL-1β in induction of DNA methylation using IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout (IL-1R1-/-) mice. In the present study, wild-type (WT) and IL-1R1-/- mice were injected with IL-1β (5 µg/kg/day). Serum levels of IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent or NO assays. E-cadherin (E-cad) methylation status and messenger (m)RNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, E-cad and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed. Results from the present study indicated significantly higher IL-1β mRNA expression (P<0.001) in WT mice compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. IL-1β and IL-6 release was significantly increased in treated WT mice compared with IL-1R1-/- mice at 1 h, 4 h and 8 h (all P<0.005). IL-1β release was only detected in WT mice following a second dose measured at day 3, week 1 and week 2 when compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. Promoter methylation of E-cad and a decrease in gene expression was observed in treated WT mice. mRNA expression of iNOS in WT mice was significantly increased at week 1 compared with IL-1R1-/- mice (P=0.0411). Furthermore, a significantly increased level of NO production was observed in treated WT mice (P<0.005 at 8 h and week 1; P<0.001 at 4 h and day 3) when compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. The present results indicated that IL-1β was able to directly induce DNA methylation, which may link inflammation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Annie On-On Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Hin Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Winans B, Nagari A, Chae M, Post CM, Ko CI, Puga A, Kraus WL, Lawrence BP. Linking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with altered DNA methylation patterns and developmentally induced aberrant antiviral CD8+ T cell responses. J Immunol 2015; 194:4446-57. [PMID: 25810390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Successfully fighting infection requires a properly tuned immune system. Recent epidemiological studies link exposure to pollutants that bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) during development with poorer immune responses later in life. Yet, how developmental triggering of AHR durably alters immune cell function remains unknown. Using a mouse model, we show that developmental activation of AHR leads to long-lasting reduction in the response of CD8(+) T cells during influenza virus infection, cells critical for resolving primary infection. Combining genome-wide approaches, we demonstrate that developmental activation alters DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in isolated CD8(+) T cells prior to and during infection. Altered transcriptional profiles in CD8(+) T cells from developmentally exposed mice reflect changes in pathways involved in proliferation and immunoregulation, with an overall pattern that bears hallmarks of T cell exhaustion. Developmental exposure also changed DNA methylation across the genome, but differences were most pronounced following infection, where we observed inverse correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression. This points to altered regulation of DNA methylation as one mechanism by which AHR causes durable changes in T cell function. Discovering that distinct gene sets and pathways were differentially changed in developmentally exposed mice prior to and after infection further reveals that the process of CD8(+) T cell activation is rendered fundamentally different by early life AHR signaling. These findings reveal a novel role for AHR in the developing immune system: regulating DNA methylation and gene expression as T cells respond to infection later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Winans
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Minho Chae
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Christina M Post
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642;
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Zhang Q, Chen L, Helfand BT, Jang TL, Sharma V, Kozlowski J, Kuzel TM, Zhu LJ, Yang XJ, Javonovic B, Guo Y, Lonning S, Harper J, Teicher BA, Brendler C, Yu N, Catalona WJ, Lee C. TGF-β regulates DNA methyltransferase expression in prostate cancer, correlates with aggressive capabilities, and predicts disease recurrence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25168. [PMID: 21980391 PMCID: PMC3184137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) is one of the major factors mediating the methylation of cancer related genes such as TGF-β receptors (TβRs). This in turn may result in a loss of sensitivity to physiologic levels of TGF-β in aggressive prostate cancer (CaP). The specific mechanisms of DNMT's role in CaP remain undetermined. In this study, we describe the mechanism of TGF-β-mediated DNMT in CaP and its association with clinical outcomes following radical prostatectomy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used human CaP cell lines with varying degrees of invasive capability to describe how TGF-β mediates the expression of DNMT in CaP, and its effects on methylation status of TGF-β receptors and the invasive capability of CaP in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we determined the association between DNMT expression and clinical outcome after radical prostatectomy. We found that more aggressive CaP cells had significantly higher TGF-β levels, increased expression of DNMT, but reduced TβRs when compared to benign prostate cells and less aggressive prostate cancer cells. Blockade of TGF-β signaling or ERK activation (p-ERK) was associated with a dramatic decrease in the expression of DNMT, which results in a coincident increase in the expression of TβRs. Blockade of either TGF-β signaling or DNMT dramatically decreased the invasive capabilities of CaP. Inhibition of TGF-β in an TRAMP-C2 CaP model in C57BL/6 mice using 1D11 was associated with downregulation of DNMTs and p-ERK and impairment in tumor growth. Finally, independent of Gleason grade, increased DNMT1 expression was associated with biochemical recurrence following surgical treatment for prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that CaP derived TGF-β may induce the expression of DNMTs in CaP which is associated with methylation of its receptors and the aggressive potential of CaP. In addition, DNMTs is an independent predictor for disease recurrence after prostatectomy, and may have clinical implications for CaP prognostication and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Richardson B. Decreased DNA methyltransferase levels contribute to abnormal gene expression in "senescent" CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells. Clin Immunol 2009; 132:257-65. [PMID: 19394279 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.03.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A senescent CD4(+)CD28(-) T cell subset develops with aging and in chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and is implicated in plaque rupture and myocardial infarctions. This subset is pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic for endothelial cells, and aberrantly expresses genes like CD70, perforin and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes. Why CD4(+)CD28(-) cells overexpress these genes is unclear. We found that the CD70, perforin and KIR2DL4 promoters are demethylated in CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells, and that DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and Dnmt3a levels are decreased in this subset. siRNA "knockdown" of Dnmt1, but not Dnmt3a, in CD4(+)CD28(+) T cells caused similar demethylation and overexpression of KIR2DL4, perforin and CD70, while simultaneous knockdown of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a caused greater demethylation and overexpression of these genes than Dnmt1 alone. We conclude that decreased Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a cause demethylation and overexpression of these and perhaps other genes in CD4(+)CD28(-) cells, potentially contributing to pathologic functions by this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, USA
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Luo X, Zhang Q, Liu V, Xia Z, Pothoven KL, Lee C. Cutting edge: TGF-beta-induced expression of Foxp3 in T cells is mediated through inactivation of ERK. J Immunol 2008; 180:2757-61. [PMID: 18292494 PMCID: PMC4289405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral induction of T regulatory cells can be accomplished by TGF-beta through an epigenetic regulation leading to the expression of Foxp3. However, the exact mechanism of such a TGF-beta-mediated action remains unclear. In the current study, we found that TGF-beta treatment of CD4+CD25- T cells during T cell activation led to a transient inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK followed by the induction of Foxp3 expression in these cells. Direct treatment with a specific ERK inhibitor, UO126, during CD4+CD25- T cell activation also induced Foxp3 expression and conferred a suppressive function to the induced Foxp3+ T cells. Furthermore, treatment of T cells with either TGF-beta or UO126 significantly down-regulated the expression of DNMTs, a reaction normally elicited by demethylation agents, such as 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. These results indicate that the epigenetic regulation of TGF-beta-induced expression of Foxp3 may be mediated through the inactivation of ERK.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/biosynthesis
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/physiology
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Victoria Liu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Zhenbiao Xia
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kathryn L. Pothoven
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Chung Lee
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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