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Abstract
Polyaniline-iron(II) nitrate was prepared by the polymerization of aniline hydrochloride with Fe(NO3)2. The as-prepared materials were characterized for surface area and pore volume and were used to remove the reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye from an aqueous solution. Batch studies were conducted as a function of pH (2-12), adsorbent amount (10-100 mg), initial RO16 concentration (100-300 mg L-1), contact time (10-240 min), and temperature (303-323 K). RO16 was removed at high speed, and equilibrium was achieved in 80 min. Langmuir (six linear forms, i.e., L-I-VI) and other isotherm models were explored for their applicability. With the maximum adsorption capacity of 508.7267 mg g-1 and a pH of 4 at 313 K, the adsorption isotherm could be adequately characterised using the Langmuir (L-V) model. The kinetics of the adsorption process were investigated by fitting experimental data to pseudo-second order (PSO) (type-I-VI) and other kinetic models, with the findings indicating that the adsorption closely matched the PSO-I model. For isotherm models, twelve linear error functions were investigated. The absorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible according to the thermodynamics study (ΔG° = -8.8888 kJ mol-1, ΔH° = 3.1940 kJ mol-1, and ΔS° = 39.8749 J mol-1 K-1). The phototoxicity studies revealed that the untreated dye was highly toxic compared to the treated dye. It was also shown that the material could be recycled substantially, with an RO16 value of 82.8%. The findings also indicated that the PANI/Fe(NO3)2 material was sufficient for RO16 dye adsorption in both model and real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Arfin
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440020, India.
| | - Dipti A Bhaisare
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440020, India.
| | - S S Waghmare
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440020, India.
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Hassan MM, Carr CM. A critical review on recent advancements of the removal of reactive dyes from dyehouse effluent by ion-exchange adsorbents. Chemosphere 2018; 209:201-219. [PMID: 29933158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effluent discharged by the textile dyehouses has a seriously detrimental effect on the aquatic environment. Some dyestuffs produce toxic decomposition products and the metal complex dyes release toxic heavy metals to watercourses. Of the dyes used in the textile industry, effluents containing reactive dyes are the most difficult to treat because of their high water-solubility and poor absorption into the fibers. A range of treatments has been investigated for the decolorization of textile effluent and the adsorption seems to be one of the cheapest, effective and convenient treatments. In this review, the adsorbents investigated in the last decade for the treatment of textile effluent containing reactive dyes including modified clays, biomasses, chitin and its derivatives, and magnetic ion-exchanging particles have been critically reviewed and their reactive dye binding capacities have been compiled and compared. Moreover, the dye binding mechanism, dye sorption isotherm models and also the merits/demerits of various adsorbents are discussed. This review also includes the current challenges and the future directions for the development of adsorbents that meet these challenges. The adsorption capacities of adsorbents depend on various factors, such as the chemical structures of dyes, the ionic property, surface area, porosity of the adsorbents, and the operating conditions. It is evident from the literature survey that decolorization by the adsorption shows a great promise for the removal of color from dyehouse effluent. If biomasses want to compete with the established ion-exchange resins and activated carbon, their dye binding capacity will need to be substantially improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Hassan
- Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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Aktas D, Dizge N, Cengiz Yatmaz H, Caliskan Y, Ozay Y, Caputcu A. The adsorption and Fenton behavior of iron rich Terra Rosa soil for removal of aqueous anthraquinone dye solutions: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Water Sci Technol 2017; 76:3114-3125. [PMID: 29210697 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and advanced oxidation processes are being extensively used for treatment of wastewater containing dye chemicals. In this study, the adsorption and Fenton behavior of iron rich Terra Rosa soil was investigated for the treatment of aqueous anthraquinone dye (Reactive Blue 19 (RB19)) solutions. The impact of pH, initial dye concentration, soil loading rate, contact time and temperature was systematically investigated for adsorption process. A maximum removal efficiency of dye (86.6%) was obtained at pH 2, soil loading of 10 g/L, initial dye concentration of 25 mg/L, and contact time of 120 min. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Weber-Morris kinetic models were applied to describe the adsorption mechanism and sorption kinetic followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to investigate the isothermal mechanism and equilibrium data were well represented by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of soil was found as 4.11 mg/g using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of soil loading and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage was solely tested for Fenton oxidation process. The highest removal efficiency of dye (89.4%) was obtained at pH 2, H2O2 dosage of 10 mM, soil loading of 5 g/L, initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and contact time of 60 min. Thermodynamic studies showed that when the adsorption dosage of dye was 25 mg/L at 293-313 K, adsorption enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were negative and adsorption free energy (ΔG) was positive. This result indicated that the adsorption was exothermic. Morphological characteristics of the soil were evaluated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy before and after the adsorption and oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Aktas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - H Cengiz Yatmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Caliskan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ozay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Ayten Caputcu
- Department of Geology Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
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Chan SL, Tan YP, Abdullah AH, Ong ST. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of a new potential biosorbent for the removal of Basic Blue 3 and Congo Red dyes: Pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) plant stem. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shi Z, Zhou M, Zheng D, Liu H, Yao S. Preparation of Ce-doped TiO2Hollow Fibers and Their Photocatalytic Degradation Properties for Dye Compound. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yao S, Lai H, Shi Z. Biosorption of methyl blue onto tartaric acid modified wheat bran from aqueous solution. Iranian J Environ Health Sci Eng 2012; 9:16. [PMID: 23369295 PMCID: PMC3561116 DOI: 10.1186/1735-2746-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tartaric acid modified wheat bran was utilized as adsorbent to remove methyl blue, a basic dye from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage, on dye adsorption. The results showed that the modification of wheat bran by tartaric acid significantly improved its adsorption capacity, and made this material a suitable adsorbent to remove methyl blue. The adsorption capacity of modified wheat bran was about 1.6 times higher than that of unmodified one. The amount of methyl blue adsorbed was found to vary with initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial methyl blue concentration. Kinetics study showed that the overall adsorption rate of methyl blue was illustrated by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for the data was tested. Both models adequately described the experimental data of the biosorption of methyl blue. The maximum adsorption capacity for methyl blue calculated from Langmuir model was 25.18 mg/g. The study has shown the effectiveness of modified wheat bran in the removal of methyl blue, and that it can be considered as an attractive alternative to the more expensive technologies used in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yao
- School of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China.
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Rakhshaee R, Panahandeh M. Stabilization of a magnetic nano-adsorbent by extracted pectin to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution: a comparative studying between two kinds of cross-linked pectin. J Hazard Mater 2011; 189:158-166. [PMID: 21398031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The removal of methylene blue (MB) as a cationic dye from aqueous solution by the stabilized Fe(3)O(4) nano-particles with the extracted pectin from apple waste (FN-PA) increased due to using the cross-linked forms of the bound pectin on the nano-particles surface by glutaraldehyde (FN-PAG) and adipic acid (FN-PAA) as the cross-linking agents. This increase happened in spite of binding some of the adsorbent functional groups of pectin with nano-particles. It can be due to the local concentrate of other free functional groups after connecting with nano-scale particles. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption equilibrium constant and the maximum adsorption capacities increased with increasing temperature for all of the nano-bioparticles. The kinetic followed the second-order models with the highest rate constants viz. 16.23, 19.76 and 23.04 (× 10(-3)g/mg min) by FN-PAA. The adsorption force arrangement of MB by these nano-biosorbents regarding their activation energy was obtained as: FN-PAA>FN-PAG>FN-PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohan Rakhshaee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, PO Box 41335-3516, Rasht, Iran.
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Chadlia A, Mohamed K, Najah L, Farouk MM. Preparation and characterization of new succinic anhydride grafted Posidonia for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. J Hazard Mater 2009; 172:1579-1590. [PMID: 19733964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the preparation of new chelating materials derived from Posidonia for adsorption of heavy metal ions and dye in aqueous solution. The first part of this report deals with the chemical modification of Posidonia with succinic anhydride. Thus, we have obtained materials with various succinyl groups contents (from 29.8 to 39.2%). The obtained materials were characterized by infrared and CP/MAS (13)C-RMN spectroscopy. The rate of succinyl content of the modified Posidonia was determined by saponification. The second part is devoted to the evaluation of the adsorption capacity of metal ions such as Pb(2+) and dye such as direct red 75 (DR75) for raw and modified Posidonia materials. Two possible ways for the adsorption of these pollutants are studied: adsorption of each pollutant alone onto these supports, and cumulative adsorption of both metal ions and dye on the same supports. In the last case, the pollutant is adsorbed successively from two different solutions. The effects of pollutants concentration, support dose, pH, contact time and temperature on adsorption of each pollutant were evaluated. The results showed that the raw and modified Posidonia show a high capacity for Pb(2+) adsorption. The capacity of modified Posidonia saturated with Pb(2+) to adsorb DR75 was found 147.12 mg g(-1). While the adsorption capacity of the nonsaturated modified Posidonia was equal to 81.63 mg g(-1). The pseudo-second-order model was the best to represent adsorption kinetics of DR75. The pseudo-first-order model would be better for fitting the adsorption kinetic process of Pb(2+) onto raw and modified Posidonia. The adsorption isotherms of Pb(2+) could be described by the Jossens equation model. Any of the tested models can describe the adsorption of DR75 onto the studied materials. These results confirm that the adsorption of DR75 from aqueous solution was multilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguir Chadlia
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Tunisia.
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Arslan M, Yiğitoğlu M. Use of methacrylic acid grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rodríguez-Cruz MS, Andrades MS, Parada AM, Sánchez-Martín MJ. Effect of different wood pretreatments on the sorption-desorption of linuron and metalaxyl by woods. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:7339-7346. [PMID: 18642844 DOI: 10.1021/jf800980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The sorption-desorption of two different pesticides, linuron and metalaxyl, by woods was studied. Sorbent/solution ratio and sorption kinetics were also determined. Untreated wood and water, NaOH, HCl, and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA) treated pine (softwood) and oak (hardwood) were used as sorbents. Linuron and metalaxyl were sorbed by untreated woods up to 80 and 40%, respectively, in a short time when the sorbent/solution ratio of 1:10 was used. Sorption of pesticides was significantly higher by pine, having higher lignin content, than by oak. Freundlich sorption constants (K(f)) were 96.2 and 74.4 (linuron) and 8.28 and 4.95 (metalaxyl) for untreated pine and oak woods and increased 1.04-2.35-fold (linuron) and 1.33-2.17-fold (metalaxyl) when woods were treated. The sorption was higher by HCl- and ODTMA-treated woods. Additionally, Freundlich desorption constants also indicated greater sorption irreversibility of both pesticides for treated woods than for untreated woods. The results revealed wood residues as a promising, low-cost, and environmentally friendly material to immobilize pesticides in soils, preventing water contamination. Wood treatments aimed at removing soluble wood extracts or at modifying wood chemical structure could increase their sorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca, CSIC, P.O. Box 257, 37071 Salamanca, Spain.
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Ong ST, Lee CK, Zainal Z. Removal of basic and reactive dyes using ethylenediamine modified rice hull. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:2792-9. [PMID: 17400446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters from textile industries may contain a variety of dyes that have to be removed before their discharge into waterways. Rice hull, an agricultural by-product, was modified using ethylenediamine to introduce active sites on its surface to enable it to function as a sorbent for both basic and reactive dyes. The sorption characteristics of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) by ethylenediamine modified rice hull (MRH) were studied under various experimental conditions. Sorption was pH and concentration dependent. Simultaneous removal of BB3 and RO16 occurred at pH greater than 4. The kinetics of dye sorption fitted a pseudo-second order rate expression. Increase in agitation rate had no effect on the sorption of BB3 but increased uptake of RO16 on MRH. Decreasing particle size increased the uptake of dyes in binary dye solutions. Equilibrium data could be fitted into both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Maximum sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model are 14.68 and 60.24 mg/g for BB3 and RO16, respectively in binary dye solutions. This corresponds to an enhancement of 4.5 and 2.4 fold, respectively, compared to single dye solutions. MRH therefore has the potential of being used as an efficient sorbent for the removal of both dyes in textile wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ong
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
We have discovered a novel series of 7-benzyl-4-methyl-5-[(2-substituted phenyl)ethyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amines, which possess antimitotic and antitumor activities against antimitotic-sensitive as well as resistant tumor cells. These agents bind to a site on tubulin that is distinct from the colchicine, vinca alkaloid, and paclitaxel binding sites and some, in addition to their antitumor activity, remarkably also reverse tumor resistance to antimitotic agents mediated via the P-glycoprotein efflux pump. The compounds were synthesized from N-(7-benzyl-5-ethynyl-4-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide 11 or the corresponding 5-iodo analog 14 via Sonogashira couplings with appropriate iodobenzenes or phenylacetylene followed by reduction and deprotection to afford the target analogs. Sodium and liquid NH3 afforded the debenzylated analogs. The most potent analog 1 was one to three digit nanomolar against the growth of both sensitive and resistant tumor cells in culture. Compounds of this series are promising novel antimitotic agents that have the potential for treating both sensitive and resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of the current work was to assess the removal of direct and reactive dyes using biotic and abiotic agents. Removal of dyes and their derivatives from aqueous solutions was investigated using sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, rice straw, charcoal and fungal biomass as dye removing agents. Seven fungal strains known to have high capacity in removing textile dyes were used. Results of this study indicated that Penicillium commune, P. freii, and P. allii removed 96, 64 and 65%, respectively, of direct violet dye after two hours of incubation. In addition, the use of rice straw was shown to be more efficient in dye removal, than was bagasse or sawdust. Rice straw was effective in removing 72% of direct violet dye within 24 hours. However, with reactive dyes, removal activity was reduced to 27%. Similar trends were recorded with the other tested biotic agents, fast removal of reactive dye was not found after 48 hours of contact time. Results of this study indicate that low-cost, renewable, bioadsorption agents are relatively effective in removing textile dyes from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M Abd El-Rahim
- Agricultural Macrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Elizalde-González MP, Geyer W, Guevara-Villa MR, Mattusch J, Peláez-Cid AA, Wennrich R. Characterization of an adsorbent prepared from maize waste and adsorption of three classes of textile dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kusuktham B, Srikulkit K. One-pot synthesis of polymeric bead bearing surface charge. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P. Effect of pretreatments of three waste residues, wheat straw, corncobs and barley husks on dye adsorption. Bioresour Technol 2002; 85:119-124. [PMID: 12227534 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The removal of dyes (Cibacron Yellow C-2R, Cibacron Red C-2G, Cibacron Blue C-R, Remazol Black B and Remazol Red RB) from an aqueous solution has been discussed by adsorption which was examined on three different low cost pretreated agricultural residues viz., wheat straw, corncob and barley husk. The pretreatments were carried out in order to delignify, or to increase the surface area of the sorbents, and to study their effect on the rate and effective adsorption of dyes. Steam, alkali, ammonia steeping and milling were the pretreatments employed and compared with the untreated sorbents. A higher percentage of dye removal was achieved at a faster rate by the milled samples proving milling to be a better and more cost effective treatment, except for barley husk which had a higher percentage removal for the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Robinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Robinson T, Chandran B, Sathya Naidu G, Nigam P. Studies on the removal of dyes from a synthetic textile effluent using barley husk in static-batch mode and in a continuous flow, packed-bed, reactor. Bioresour Technol 2002; 85:43-49. [PMID: 12146642 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of five reactive dyes in a synthetic textile dye effluent onto barley husks has been studied in static-batch mode and in a continuous flow, packed-bed, reactor (CFPBR). Effective adsorption, thermodynamics and various initial concentrations (C0) were studied for static batch conditions. The effect of C0 and retention time (r), by varying height and weight of packing, along with the kinetics of dye adsorption in CFPBR, were studied. The Langmuir isotherm was used to predict saturation capacities. The barley husks were found to remove 8 mg g(-1) of dyes at C0 100 mg l(-1) in CFPBR with a residence of 11 min, with 90% adsorption being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Robinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK
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Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P. Removal of dyes from an artificial textile dye effluent by two agricultural waste residues, corncob and barley husk. Environ Int 2002; 28:29-33. [PMID: 12046951 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of a previously untried biosorbent, barley husk, for dye removal is compared to corncob. The effectiveness of adsorption as a means of dye removal has made it an ideal alternative to other more costly treatments. This paper deals with two low-cost, renewable biosorbents, which are agroindustrial by-products, for textile dye removal. Experiments at total dye concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg l(-1) were carried out with an artificial effluent consisting of an equal mixture of five textile dyes. The effects of initial dye concentration, biosorbent particle size, dose of biosorbent, effective adsorbance, and dye removal kinetics were examined. One gram (per 100 ml) of < or = 600 microm corncob was found to be effective in removing a high percentage of dyes at a rapid rate (92% in 48 h). One gram of I x 4 mm barley husk was found to be the most effective weight and particle size combination for the removal of dyes (92% in 48 h). The results illustrate how barley husk and corncob are effective biosorbents concerning the removal of textile dyes from effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Robinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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