1
|
Maines LW, Keller SN, Smith RA, Green CL, Smith CD. The Sphingolipid-Modulating Drug Opaganib Protects against Radiation-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis: Potential Uses as a Medical Countermeasure and in Cancer Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2322. [PMID: 38396999 PMCID: PMC10888706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic pathology resulting from excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components that leads to the loss of tissue function. Pulmonary fibrosis can follow a variety of diverse insults including ischemia, respiratory infection, or exposure to ionizing radiation. Consequently, treatments that attenuate the development of debilitating fibrosis are in desperate need across a range of conditions. Sphingolipid metabolism is a critical regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and pathologic inflammation, processes that are all involved in fibrosis. Opaganib (formerly ABC294640) is the first-in-class investigational drug targeting sphingolipid metabolism for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Opaganib inhibits key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism, including sphingosine kinase-2 and dihydroceramide desaturase, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting autophagy. Herein, we demonstrate in mouse models of lung damage following exposure to ionizing radiation that opaganib significantly improved long-term survival associated with reduced lung fibrosis, suppression of granulocyte infiltration, and reduced expression of IL-6 and TNFα at 180 days after radiation. These data further demonstrate that sphingolipid metabolism is a critical regulator of fibrogenesis, and specifically show that opaganib suppresses radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Because opaganib has demonstrated an excellent safety profile during clinical testing in other diseases (cancer and COVID-19), the present studies support additional clinical trials with this drug in patients at risk for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles D. Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA 17036, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maines LW, Keller SN, Smith CD. Opaganib (ABC294640) Induces Immunogenic Tumor Cell Death and Enhances Checkpoint Antibody Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16901. [PMID: 38069222 PMCID: PMC10706694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer drugs that target the checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 provide marked improvement in some patients with deadly diseases such as lung cancer and melanoma. However, most patients are either unresponsive or relapse following an initial response, underscoring the need for further improvement in immunotherapy. Certain drugs induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells in which the dying cells promote immunologic responses in the host that may enhance the in vivo activity of checkpoint antibodies. Sphingolipid metabolism is a key pathway in cancer biology, in which ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulate tumor cell death, proliferation and drug resistance, as well as host inflammation and immunity. In particular, sphingosine kinases are key sites for manipulation of the ceramide/S1P balance that regulates tumor cell proliferation and sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. We and others have demonstrated that inhibition of sphingosine kinase-2 by the small-molecule investigational drug opaganib (formerly ABC294640) kills tumor cells and increases their sensitivities to other drugs and radiation. Because sphingolipids have been shown to regulate ICD, opaganib may induce ICD and improve the efficacy of checkpoint antibodies for cancer therapy. This was demonstrated by showing that in vitro treatment with opaganib increases the surface expression of the ICD marker calreticulin on a variety of tumor cell types. In vivo confirmation was achieved using the gold standard immunization assay in which B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) or Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells were treated with opaganib in vitro and then injected subcutaneously into syngeneic mice, followed by implantation of untreated tumor cells 7 days later. In all cases, immunization with opaganib-treated cells strongly suppressed the growth of subsequently injected tumor cells. Interestingly, opaganib treatment induced crossover immunity in that opaganib-treated B16 cells suppressed the growth of both untreated B16 and LLC cells and opaganib-treated LLC cells inhibited the growth of both untreated LLC and B16 cells. Next, the effects of opaganib in combination with a checkpoint antibody on tumor growth in vivo were assessed. Opaganib and anti-PD-1 antibody each slowed the growth of B16 tumors and improved mouse survival, while the combination of opaganib plus anti-PD-1 strongly suppressed tumor growth and improved survival (p < 0.0001). Individually, opaganib and anti-CTLA-4 antibody had modest effects on the growth of LLC tumors and mouse survival, whereas the combination of opaganib with anti-CTLA-4 substantially inhibited tumor growth and increased survival (p < 0.001). Finally, the survival of mice bearing B16 tumors was only marginally improved by opaganib or anti-PD-L1 antibody alone but was nearly doubled by the drugs in combination (p < 0.005). Overall, these studies demonstrate the ability of opaganib to induce ICD in tumor cells, which improves the antitumor activity of checkpoint antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles D. Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA 17036, USA; (L.W.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yue Y, Baltes M, Abuhajar N, Sun T, Karanth A, Smith CD, Bihl T, Liu J. Spiking neural networks fine-tuning for brain image segmentation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1267639. [PMID: 38027484 PMCID: PMC10646327 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1267639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The field of machine learning has undergone a significant transformation with the progress of deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the growing accessibility of annotated data. ANNs usually require substantial power and memory usage to achieve optimal performance. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a low-power alternative to ANNs due to their sparsity nature. Despite their energy efficiency, SNNs are generally more difficult to be trained than ANNs. Methods In this study, we propose a novel three-stage SNN training scheme designed specifically for segmenting human hippocampi from magnetic resonance images. Our training pipeline starts with optimizing an ANN to its maximum capacity, then employs a quick ANN-SNN conversion to initialize the corresponding spiking network. This is followed by spike-based backpropagation to fine-tune the converted SNN. In order to understand the reason behind performance decline in the converted SNNs, we conduct a set of experiments to investigate the output scaling issue. Furthermore, we explore the impact of binary and ternary representations in SNN networks and conduct an empirical evaluation of their performance through image classification and segmentation tasks. Results and discussion By employing our hybrid training scheme, we observe significant advantages over both ANN-SNN conversion and direct SNN training solutions in terms of segmentation accuracy and training efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in achieving our design goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yue
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Marc Baltes
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Nidal Abuhajar
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica (CWI), Machine Learning Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Avinash Karanth
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jundong Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Batten TJ, Evans JP, Burden EG, Mak WK, White W, Smith CD. Suprascapular nerve blockage for painful shoulder pathology - a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment techniques. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:589-598. [PMID: 35976156 PMCID: PMC10471442 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suprascapular nerve blockade (SSNB) through injection (SSNBi) and/or pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) provide options for the management of painful shoulder pathology. Multiple techniques for delivery of SSNB are described but no consensus on optimal symptom control is available. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess patient-focussed outcomes in SSNB and explore the impact of variation in the technical application of this treatment modality. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL were searched for case series, cohort studies and randomised control trials published from database inception until 28 January 2021. Articles reporting use of SSNBi or PRF for treatment of shoulder pain with a minimum 3 months follow-up were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were extracted and the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD), weighted by study size, was reported. Quality of methodology was assessed using Wylde's nonsummative four-point system. FINDINGS Of 758 references, 18 studies were included, totalling 704 SSNB. Average pain improvement at 3 months was 52.3%, with meta-analysis demonstrating a SMD of 2.37. Whereas SSNBi combined with PRF shows the greatest SMD of 2.75, this did not differ significantly from SSNBi or PRF when used as monotherapy. Location of treatment and the guidance technique used did not influence outcome. CONCLUSION SSNBi and PRF provide safe and effective treatment for shoulder pain, as judged by PROMs. This may be of particular value in aging or comorbid patients and with surgical restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regardless of technique, patients experience a marked improvement in pain that is maintained beyond 3 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TJ Batten
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - EG Burden
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | - WK Mak
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | - W White
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| | - CD Smith
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith CD, Giordano BC. Opioid cutting agents for use as internal standards in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Talanta 2023; 265:124822. [PMID: 37364383 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Opioids have become a serious public health concern over the last decade. These compounds are commonly found mixed, or cut, with safer compounds to make the opioids appear unadulterated while also enhancing the psychoactive effect on the user. Commercial benchtop and handheld IMS devices are capable of detection but published reduced ion mobility (K0) values, used to identify the target analytes with IMS instrumentation, have shown variability. This lack of agreement, even for compounds used for calibration, is often due to the effects of drift tube temperature, drift gas water vapor levels and the use in-house built instrumentation rather than commercial equipment. Multiple reports exist on assessment of IMS reference standards but a single, consensus universal standard does not exist. Assessment of opioid cutting agents as internal standards is a worthwhile pursuit if precise and accurate K0 values are obtained. The effects of drift gas water vapor content and drift tube temperature were used to evaluate the cutting agents. The K0 values of papaverine, a representative opioid with a similar K0 value to heroin and fentanyl, were calculated with respect to quinine and were in agreement with literature data. The use of quinine as an internal standard also improved precision relative to the instrument standard and shows promise in the application presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Smith
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, D.C, 20375, United States
| | - Braden C Giordano
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, D.C, 20375, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maines LW, Green CL, Keller SN, Fitzpatrick LR, Smith CD. The Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor Opaganib Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2022; 15:323-334. [PMID: 36420520 PMCID: PMC9677921 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s386396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common multifactorial adverse effect of surgery, circulatory obstruction, sepsis or drug/toxin exposure that often results in morbidity and mortality. Sphingolipid metabolism is a critical regulator of cell survival and pathologic inflammation processes involved in AKI. Opaganib (also known as ABC294640) is a first-in-class experimental drug targeting sphingolipid metabolism that reduces the production and activity of inflammatory cytokines and, therefore, may be effective to prevent and treat AKI. Methods Murine models of AKI were used to assess the in vivo efficacy of opaganib including ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury induced by either transient bilateral occlusion of renal blood flow (a moderate model) or nephrectomy followed immediately by occlusion of the contralateral kidney (a severe model) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Biochemical and histologic assays were used to quantify the effects of oral opaganib treatment on renal damage in these models. Results Opaganib suppressed the elevations of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), as well as granulocyte infiltration into the kidneys, of mice that experienced moderate IR from transient bilateral ligation. Opaganib also markedly decreased these parameters and completely prevented mortality in the severe renal IR model. Additionally, opaganib blunted the elevations of BUN, creatinine and inflammatory cytokines following exposure to LPS. Conclusion The data support the hypotheses that sphingolipid metabolism is a key mediator of renal inflammatory damage following IR injury and sepsis, and that this can be suppressed by opaganib. Because opaganib has already undergone clinical testing in other diseases (cancer and Covid-19), the present studies support conducting clinical trials with this drug with surgical or septic patients at risk for AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Charles D Smith, Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA, 17036, USA, Email
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maines LW, Schrecengost RS, Zhuang Y, Keller SN, Smith RA, Green CL, Smith CD. Opaganib Protects against Radiation Toxicity: Implications for Homeland Security and Antitumor Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13191. [PMID: 36361977 PMCID: PMC9655569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is a lingering threat from accidental or terroristic nuclear events, but is also widely used in cancer therapy. In both cases, host inflammatory responses to IR damage normal tissue causing morbidity and possibly mortality to the victim/patient. Opaganib, a first-in-class inhibitor of sphingolipid metabolism, has broad anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Opaganib elevates ceramide and reduces sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in cells, conditions that increase the antitumor efficacy of radiation while concomitantly suppressing inflammatory damage to normal tissue. Therefore, opaganib may suppress toxicity from unintended IR exposure and improve patient response to chemoradiation. To test these hypotheses, we first examined the effects of opaganib on the toxicity and antitumor activity of radiation in mice exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) or IR with partial bone marrow shielding. Oral treatment with opaganib 2 h before TBI shifted the LD75 from 9.5 Gy to 11.5 Gy, and provided substantial protection against gastrointestinal damage associated with suppression of radiation-induced elevations of S1P and TNFα in the small intestines. In the partially shielded model, opaganib provided dose-dependent survival advantages when administered 4 h before or 24 h after radiation exposure, and was particularly effective when given both prior to and following radiation. Relevant to cancer radiotherapy, opaganib decreased the sensitivity of IEC6 (non-transformed mouse intestinal epithelial) cells to radiation, while sensitizing PAN02 cells to in vitro radiation. Next, the in vivo effects of opaganib in combination with radiation were examined in a syngeneic tumor model consisting of C57BL/6 mice bearing xenografts of PAN02 pancreatic cancer cells and a cross-species xenograft model consisting of nude mice bearing xenografts of human FaDu cells. Mice were treated with opaganib and/or IR (plus cisplatin in the case of FaDu tumors). In both tumor models, the optimal suppression of tumor growth was attained by the combination of opaganib with IR (± cisplatin). Overall, opaganib substantially protects normal tissue from radiation damage that may occur through unintended exposure or cancer radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles D. Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA 17036, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bønløkke SE, Rand MS, Haddock B, Arup S, Smith CD, Jensen JEB, Schwarz P, Hovind P, Oturai PS, Jensen LT, Møller S, Eiken P, Rubin KH, Hitz MF, Abrahamsen B, Jørgensen NR. Baseline bone turnover marker levels can predict change in bone mineral density during antiresorptive treatment in osteoporotic patients: the Copenhagen bone turnover marker study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2155-2164. [PMID: 35729342 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anti-resorptive osteoporosis treatment might be more effective in patients with high bone turnover. In this registry study including clinical data, high pre-treatment bone turnover measured with biochemical markers was correlated with higher bone mineral density increases. Bone turnover markers may be useful tools to identify patients benefitting most from anti-resorptive treatment. INTRODUCTION In randomized, controlled trials of bisphosphonates, high pre-treatment levels of bone turnover markers (BTM) were associated with a larger increase in bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of this study was to examine this correlation in a real-world setting. METHODS In this registry-based cohort study of osteoporosis patients (n = 158) receiving antiresorptive therapy, the association between pre-treatment levels of plasma C-telopeptide of type I Collagen (CTX) and/or N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and change in bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck upon treatment was examined. Patients were grouped according to their pre-treatment BTM levels, defined as values above and below the geometric mean for premenopausal women. RESULTS Pre-treatment CTX correlated with annual increase in total hip BMD, where patients with CTX above the geometric mean experienced a larger annual increase in BMD (p = 0.008) than patients with CTX below the geometric mean. The numerical pre-treatment level of CTX showed a similar correlation at all three skeletal sites (total hip (p = 0.03), femoral neck (p = 0.04), and lumbar spine (p = 0.0003)). A similar association was found for PINP where pre-treatment levels of PINP above the geometric mean correlated with a larger annual increase in BMD for total hip (p = 0.02) and lumbar spine (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Measurement of pre-treatment BTM levels predicts osteoporosis patients' response to antiresorptive treatment. Patients with high pre-treatment levels of CTX and/or PINP benefit more from antiresorptive treatment with larger increases in BMD than patients with lower pre-treatment levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Bønløkke
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M S Rand
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Arup
- Medical Department, National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - C D Smith
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J E B Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - P Schwarz
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Hovind
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P S Oturai
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L T Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Møller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - P Eiken
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K H Rubin
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- OPEN - Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M F Hitz
- Medical Department, National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Abrahamsen
- Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith CD, Maines LW, Keller SN, Katz Ben-Yair V, Fathi R, Plasse TF, Levitt ML. Recent Progress in the Development of Opaganib for the Treatment of Covid-19. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2199-2211. [PMID: 35855741 PMCID: PMC9288228 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to exert extensive humanitarian and economic stress across the world. Although antivirals active against mild disease have been identified recently, new drugs to treat moderate and severe Covid-19 patients are needed. Sphingolipids regulate key pathologic processes, including viral proliferation and pathologic host inflammation. Opaganib (aka ABC294640) is a first-in-class clinical drug targeting sphingolipid metabolism for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent work demonstrates that opaganib also has antiviral activity against several viruses including SARS-CoV-2. A recently completed multinational Phase 2/3 clinical trial of opaganib in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 demonstrated that opaganib can be safely administered to these patients, and more importantly, resulted in a 62% decrease in mortality in a large subpopulation of patients with moderately severe Covid-19. Furthermore, acceleration of the clearance of the virus was observed in opaganib-treated patients. Understanding the biochemical mechanism for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of opaganib is essential for optimizing Covid-19 treatment protocols. Opaganib inhibits three key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism: sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2); dihydroceramide desaturase (DES1); and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). Herein, we describe a tripartite model by which opaganib suppresses infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting SK2, DES1 and GCS. The potential impact of modulation of sphingolipid signaling on multi-organ dysfunction in Covid-19 patients is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Charles D Smith, Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA, 17036, USA, Tel +1 843 814 9257, Email
| | - Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
12
|
Jiang Y, Li J, Schmitt FA, Jicha GA, Munro NB, Zhao X, Smith CD, Kryscio RJ, Abner EL. Memory-Related Frontal Brainwaves Predict Transition to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Healthy Older Individuals Five Years Before Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:531-541. [PMID: 33337367 PMCID: PMC7902960 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Early prognosis of high-risk older adults for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), using noninvasive and sensitive neuromarkers, is key for early prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. We have developed individualized measures in electrophysiological brain signals during working memory that distinguish patients with aMCI from age-matched cognitively intact older individuals. Objective: Here we test longitudinally the prognosis of the baseline neuromarkers for aMCI risk. We hypothesized that the older individuals diagnosed with incident aMCI already have aMCI-like brain signatures years before diagnosis. Methods: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and memory performance were recorded during a working memory task at baseline. The individualized baseline neuromarkers, annual cognitive status, and longitudinal changes in memory recall scores up to 10 years were analyzed. Results: Seven of the 19 cognitively normal older adults were diagnosed with incident aMCI for a median 5.2 years later. The seven converters’ frontal brainwaves were statistically identical to those patients with diagnosed aMCI (n = 14) at baseline. Importantly, the converters’ baseline memory-related brainwaves (reduced mean frontal responses to memory targets) were significantly different from those who remained normal. Furthermore, differentiation pattern of left frontal memory-related responses (targets versus nontargets) was associated with an increased risk hazard of aMCI (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.03, 2.08). Conclusion: The memory-related neuromarkers detect MCI-like brain signatures about five years before diagnosis. The individualized frontal neuromarkers index increased MCI risk at baseline. These noninvasive neuromarkers during our Bluegrass memory task have great potential to be used repeatedly for individualized prognosis of MCI risk and progression before clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, College of Art and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang SC, Smith CD, Lombardo DM, Kimonis V. Characteristics of VCP mutation-associated cardiomyopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:701-705. [PMID: 34244020 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
VCP associated inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of bone, and Frontotemporal Dementia (IBMPFD, VCP disease, or multisystem proteinopathy type 1 (MSP1)) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by missense mutations in the VCP gene, which plays a crucial role in ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation of cytosolic proteins. Those diagnosed with the disorder often suffer from cardiovascular complications in the advanced stages. We conducted an observational cross-section study to investigate echocardiographic features of asymptomatic carriers and those affected by the disease to determine the differences and potential early features of the VCP-associated cardiomyopathy. The study cohort constituted of 32 patients with VCP mutations including 23 affected individuals diagnosed with myopathy +/- Paget disease of bone, and 9 asymptomatic carriers. Among the affected individuals, 95.7% had myopathy, 43.5% had Paget's disease of bone, and none had frontotemporal dementia, and the carriers were asymptomatic. Not surprisingly the carriers were younger (mean age 38.4 ± 3.8 years), than the affected cohort (mean age 50.6 ± 9.1 years; p < 0.001). There was a 43.5% prevalence of diastolic dysfunction on echocardiogram among patients who were symptomatic from VCP disease, whereas none of the two asymptomatic carriers manifested diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.017). Among the 5 affected individuals who had consequential echocardiograms 2-3 years apart, three affected individuals developed diastolic dysfunction, and two already had diastolic dysfunction on the initial study. The two carriers did not develop diastolic function changes. This present study represents the largest series of echocardiograms performed in patients and asymptomatic carriers with VCP myopathy, and will pave the way for future, large-scale studies that may include other imaging modalities such as cardiac MRI and strain evaluation in patients at all stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephani C Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Dawn M Lombardo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smith CD, Biewer TM, Gebhart T, Echols J, Thomas CE. A digital holography ex situ measurement characterization of plasma-exposed surface erosion from an electrothermal arc source. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033517. [PMID: 33819983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Digital holography has been proposed to fulfill a need for an imaging diagnostic capable of in situ monitoring of surface erosion caused by plasma-material interaction in nuclear fusion devices. A digital holography diagnostic for 3D surface erosion measurement has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with the goal of deployment on a plasma device. A proof-of-concept in situ demonstration is planned which would involve measurement of plasma erosion on targets exposed to an electrothermal arc source. This work presents the results of an ex situ characterization of the capability and limitations of holographic imaging of targets exposed to the arc source. Targets were designed to provide a fiducial for comparison of deformed and unaffected areas. The results indicated that the average net erosion was ∼150 nm/plasma exposure, which is expected to be within the diagnostic's measurement capacity. Surface roughness averages determined by holographic image analysis showed good agreement with measurements taken with a profilometer. The limit of the holography diagnostic's x-y spatial resolution was characterized by comparison with scanning electron microscope imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Smith
- Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T M Biewer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T Gebhart
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Echols
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C E Thomas
- Third Dimension Technologies, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith CD, Biewer TM, Gebhart TE, Lindquist EG, Thomas CE. Measurements of dynamic surface changes by digital holography for in situ plasma erosion applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033504. [PMID: 33820073 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are currently few viable diagnostic techniques for in situ measurement of plasma facing component erosion. Digital holography is intended to fill this gap. Progress on the development of single and dual CO2 laser digital holography diagnostics for in situ plasma facing component erosion is discussed. The dual laser mode's synthetic wavelength allows the measurable range to be expanded by a factor of ∼400 compared to single laser digital holography. This allows the diagnostic to measure surface height changes of up to 4.5 μm in single laser mode and up to 2 mm in dual laser mode. Results include ex situ measurements of plasma eroded targets and also dynamic measurements of nm and μm scale motion of a target mounted on a precision translation stage. Dynamic measurements have successfully been made with the system operating in both single and dual laser modes, from ∼50 nm to ∼4 μm in single laser mode and up to ∼400 μm in dual laser mode (limited only by the stage speed and camera acquisition duration). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using digital holography to characterize plasma facing component erosion dynamically, i.e., during plasma exposure. Results of proof-of-principle in situ digital holographic measurements of targets exposed to an electrothermal arc plasma source are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Smith
- Mechanical, Aerospace & Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T M Biewer
- Fusion Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T E Gebhart
- Fusion Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - E G Lindquist
- Nuclear Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C E Thomas
- Third Dimension Technologies, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bahrani AA, Kong W, Shang Y, Huang C, Smith CD, Powell DK, Jiang Y, Rayapati AO, Jicha GA, Yu G. Diffuse optical assessment of cerebral-autoregulation in older adults stratified by cerebrovascular risk. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e202000073. [PMID: 32533642 PMCID: PMC8824485 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) at early stages is essential for preventing sequential complications. CVD is often associated with abnormal cerebral microvasculature, which may impact cerebral-autoregulation (CA). A novel hybrid near-infrared diffuse optical instrument and a finger plethysmograph were used to simultaneously detect low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) of cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxy-hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2 ]), deoxy-hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in older adults before, during and after 70° head-up-tilting (HUT). The participants with valid data were divided based on Framingham risk score (FRS, 1-30 points) into low-risk (FRS ≤15, n = 13) and high-risk (FRS >15, n = 11) groups for developing CVD. The LFO gains were determined by transfer function analyses with MAP as the input, and CBF, [HbO2 ] and [Hb] as the outputs (CA ∝ 1/Gain). At resting-baseline, LFO gains in the high-risk group were relatively lower compared to the low-risk group. The lower baseline gains in the high-risk group may attribute to compensatory mechanisms to maintain stronger steady-state CAs. However, HUT resulted in smaller gain reductions in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group, suggesting weaker dynamic CAs. LFO gains are potentially valuable biomarkers for early detection of CVD based on associations with CAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Bahrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Weikai Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yu Shang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Biomedical Imaging and Big Data, North University of China, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center (MRISC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - David K. Powell
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center (MRISC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yang Jiang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center (MRISC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Abner O. Rayapati
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center (MRISC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Correspondence: Guoqiang Yu, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hengst JA, Dick TE, Smith CD, Yun JK. Analysis of selective target engagement by small-molecule sphingosine kinase inhibitors using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA). Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:841-852. [PMID: 32835586 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1798696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently renewed interest in scientific rigor and reproducibility is of critical importance for both scientists developing new targeted small-molecule inhibitors and those employing these molecule in cellular studies, alike. While off-target effects are commonly considered as limitations for any given small-molecule inhibitor, the ability of a given compound to distinguish between enzyme isoforms is often neglected when employing compounds in cellular studies. To call attention to this issue, we have compared the results of an assay for "direct target engagement", the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA), to the published isoform selectivity of 12 commercially available sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SphK 1 and SphK2) inhibitors. Our results suggest that, at the concentrations commonly employed in cellular assay systems, none of the tested SKIs can be considered isoform selective. Thus, caution and complimentary assay strategies must be employed to fully discern isoform selectivity for the SphKs. Moreover, caution must be employed by the scientific community as a whole when designing experiments that aim to discern the effects of one enzyme isoform versus another to ensure that the concentration ranges used are able to distinguish isoform selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Taryn E Dick
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jong K Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith CD, Van Eldik LJ, Jicha GA, Schmitt FA, Nelson PT, Abner EL, Kryscio RJ, Murphy RR, Andersen AH. Brain structure changes over time in normal and mildly impaired aged persons. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:120-135. [PMID: 32607416 PMCID: PMC7321765 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural brain changes in aging are known to occur even in the absence of dementia, but the magnitudes and regions involved vary between studies. To further characterize these changes, we analyzed paired MRI images acquired with identical protocols and scanner over a median 5.8-year interval. The normal study group comprised 78 elders (25M 53F, baseline age range 70–78 years) who underwent an annual standardized expert assessment of cognition and health and who maintained normal cognition for the duration of the study. We found a longitudinal grey matter (GM) loss rate of 2.56 ± 0.07 ml/year (0.20 ± 0.04%/year) and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) expansion rate of 2.97 ± 0.07 ml/year (0.22 ± 0.04%/year). Hippocampal volume loss rate was higher than the GM and CSF global rates, 0.0114 ± 0.0004 ml/year (0.49 ± 0.04%/year). Regions of greatest GM loss were posterior inferior frontal lobe, medial parietal lobe and dorsal cerebellum. Rates of GM loss and CSF expansion were on the low end of the range of other published values, perhaps due to the relatively good health of the elder volunteers in this study. An additional smaller group of 6 subjects diagnosed with MCI at baseline were followed as well, and comparisons were made with the normal group in terms of both global and regional GM loss and CSF expansion rates. An increased rate of GM loss was found in the hippocampus bilaterally for the MCI group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ronan R Murphy
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anders H Andersen
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Smith CD, Foersterling FH, Dietz ML. Solvent structural effects on the solubility of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in room-temperature ionic liquids. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1728322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - F. Holger Foersterling
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark L. Dietz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Janabi OM, Brown CA, Bahrani AA, Abner EL, Barber JM, Gold BT, Goldstein LB, Murphy RR, Nelson PT, Johnson NF, Shaw LM, Smith CD, Trojanowski JQ, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA. Distinct White Matter Changes Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β1-42 and Hypertension. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1095-1104. [PMID: 30400099 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and hypertension (HTN) are risk factors for development of white matter (WM) alterations and might be independently associated with these alterations in older adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of HTN and AD pathology on WM alterations. METHODS Clinical measures of cerebrovascular disease risk were collected from 62 participants in University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center studies who also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling and MRI brain scans. CSF Aβ1-42 levels were measured as a marker of AD, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were obtained to assess WM macro- and microstructural properties. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationships among WM alterations, cerebrovascular disease risk, and AD pathology. Voxelwise analyses were performed to examine spatial patterns of WM alteration associated with each pathology. RESULTS HTN and CSF Aβ1-42 levels were each associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Also, CSF Aβ1-42 levels were associated with alterations in normal appearing white matter fractional anisotropy (NAWM-FA), whereas HTN was marginally associated with alterations in NAWM-FA. Linear regression analyses demonstrated significant main effects of HTN and CSF Aβ1-42 on WMH volume, but no significant HTN×CSF Aβ1-42 interaction. Furthermore, voxelwise analyses showed unique patterns of WM alteration associated with hypertension and CSF Aβ1-42. CONCLUSION Associations of HTN and lower CSF Aβ1-42 with WM alteration were statistically and spatially distinct, suggesting independent rather than synergistic effects. Considering such spatial distributions may improve diagnostic accuracy to address each underlying pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Al-Janabi
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher A Brown
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed A Bahrani
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Justin M Barber
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Larry B Goldstein
- Departments of Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ronan R Murphy
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Pathology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nathan F Johnson
- Departments of Rehabilitation Science, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Physiology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health, Health Sciences and Engineering Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bahrani AA, Al-Janabi OM, Abner EL, Bardach SH, Kryscio RJ, Wilcock DM, Smith CD, Jicha GA. Post-acquisition processing confounds in brain volumetric quantification of white matter hyperintensities. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 327:108391. [PMID: 31408649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparate research sites using identical or near-identical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques often produce results that demonstrate significant variability regarding volumetric quantification of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the aging population. The sources of such variability have not previously been fully explored. NEW METHOD 3D FLAIR sequences from a group of randomly selected aged subjects were analyzed to identify sources-of-variability in post-acquisition processing that can be problematic when comparing WMH volumetric data across disparate sites. The methods developed focused on standardizing post-acquisition protocol processing methods to develop a protocol with less than 0.5% inter-rater variance. RESULTS A series of experiments using standard MRI acquisition sequences explored post-acquisition sources-of-variability in the quantification of WMH volumetric data. Sources-of-variability included: the choice of image center, software suite and version, thresholding selection, and manual editing procedures (when used). Controlling for the identified sources-of-variability led to a protocol with less than 0.5% variability between independent raters in post-acquisition WMH volumetric quantification. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Post-acquisition processing techniques can introduce an average variance approaching 15% in WMH volume quantification despite identical scan acquisitions. Understanding and controlling for such sources-of-variability can reduce post-acquisition quantitative image processing variance to less than 0.5%. DISCUSSION Considerations of potential sources-of-variability in MRI volume quantification techniques and reduction in such variability is imperative to allow for reliable cross-site and cross-study comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Bahrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Omar M Al-Janabi
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Erin L Abner
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Shoshana H Bardach
- Department of Gerontology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Charles D Smith
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center (MRISC), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brown CA, Schmitt FA, Smith CD, Gold BT. Distinct patterns of default mode and executive control network circuitry contribute to present and future executive function in older adults. Neuroimage 2019; 195:320-332. [PMID: 30953834 PMCID: PMC6536351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function (EF) performance in older adults has been linked with functional and structural profiles within the executive control network (ECN) and default mode network (DMN), white matter hyperintensities (WMH) burden and levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Here, we simultaneously explored the unique contributions of these factors to baseline and longitudinal EF performance in older adults. Thirty-two cognitively normal (CN) older adults underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline and annually for three years. Neuroimaging and AD pathology measures were collected at baseline. Separate linear regression models were used to determine which of these variables predicted composite EF scores at baseline and/or average annual change in composite ΔEF scores over the three-year follow-up period. Results demonstrated that low DMN deactivation, high ECN activation and WMH burden were the main predictors of EF scores at baseline. In contrast, poor DMN and ECN WM microstructure and higher AD pathology predicted greater annual decline in EF scores. Subsequent mediation analysis demonstrated that DMN WM microstructure uniquely mediated the relationship between AD pathology and ΔEF. These results suggest that functional activation patterns within the DMN and ECN and WMHs contribute to baseline EF while structural connectivity within these networks impact longitudinal EF performance in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang Y, Li J, Jicha GA, Smith CD, Munro N, Zhao X, Schmitt FA, Kryscio RJ, Abner EL. P1-258: PROGNOSIS OF CONVERSION TO MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND TIME TO STABLE CHANGES VIA MEMORY-RELATED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL BRAIN SIGNATURES. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | | | - Nancy Munro
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN USA
| | | | - Frederick A. Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Raslau FD, Lin LY, Andersen AH, Powell DK, Smith CD, Escott EJ. Peeking into the Black Box of Coregistration in Clinical fMRI: Which Registration Methods Are Used and How Well Do They Perform? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2332-2339. [PMID: 30361428 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interpretation of fMRI depends on accurate functional-to-structural alignment. This study explores registration methods used by FDA-approved software for clinical fMRI and aims to answer the following question: What is the degree of misalignment when registration is not performed, and how well do current registration methods perform? MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study of presurgical fMRI for brain tumors compares nonregistered images and 5 registration cost functions: Hellinger, mutual information, normalized mutual information, correlation ratio, and local Pearson correlation. To adjudicate the accuracy of coregistration, we edge-enhanced echo-planar maps and rated them for alignment with structural anatomy. Lesion-to-activation distances were measured to evaluate the effects of different cost functions. RESULTS Transformation parameters were congruent among Hellinger, mutual information, normalized mutual information, and the correlation ratio but divergent from the local Pearson correlation. Edge-enhanced images validated the local Pearson correlation as the most accurate. Hellinger worsened misalignment in 59% of cases, primarily exaggerating the inferior translation; no cases were worsened by the local Pearson correlation. Three hundred twenty lesion-to-activation distances from 25 patients were analyzed among nonregistered images, Hellinger, and the local Pearson correlation. ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the coronal (P < .001) and sagittal (P = .04) planes. If registration is not performed, 8% of cases may have a >3-mm discrepancy and up to a 5.6-mm lesion-to-activation distance difference. If a poor registration method is used, 23% of cases may have a >3-mm discrepancy and up to a 6.9-mm difference. CONCLUSIONS The local Pearson correlation is a special-purpose cost function specifically designed for T2*-T1 coregistration and should be more widely incorporated into software tools as a better method for coregistration in clinical fMRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F D Raslau
- From the Departments of Radiology (F.D.R., L.Y.L., E.J.E., C.D.S.)
| | - L Y Lin
- From the Departments of Radiology (F.D.R., L.Y.L., E.J.E., C.D.S.)
| | | | | | - C D Smith
- From the Departments of Radiology (F.D.R., L.Y.L., E.J.E., C.D.S.)
- Neurology (C.D.S.)
- Neuroscience (A.H.A., D.K.P., C.D.S.)
| | - E J Escott
- From the Departments of Radiology (F.D.R., L.Y.L., E.J.E., C.D.S.)
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (E.J.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Biewer TM, Sawyer JC, Smith CD, Thomas CE. Dual laser holography for in situ measurement of plasma facing component erosion (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10J123. [PMID: 30399729 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A digital holography (DH) surface erosion/deposition diagnostic is being developed for 3D imaging of plasma facing component surfaces in situ and in real time. Digital holography is a technique that utilizes lasers reflected from a material surface to form an interferogram, which carries information about the topology of the surface when reconstructed. As described in this paper, dual CO2 lasers at 9.271 and 9.250 μm wavelengths illuminate the interrogated surface (at a distance of ∼1 m) in a region of ∼1 cm × 1 cm. The surface feature resolution is ∼0.1 mm in the plane of the surface, and the depth resolution ranges from ∼0.0001 to ∼2 mm perpendicular to the surface. The depth resolution lower limit is set by single-laser and detector optical limitations, while the upper limit is determined by 2π phase ambiguity of the dual-laser synthetic wavelength. Measurements have been made "on the bench" to characterize the single-laser and dual-laser DH configurations utilizing standard resolution targets and material targets that were previously exposed to high flux plasmas in either the Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) or the electro-thermal (ET) arc source. Typical DH measurements were made with 0.03 ms integration with an IR camera that can be framed at rates approaching 1.5 kHz. The DH diagnostic system is progressing toward in situ measurements of plasma erosion/deposition either on Proto-MPEX or the ET arc source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Biewer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J C Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37669, USA
| | - C D Smith
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37669, USA
| | - C E Thomas
- Third Dimension Technologies, LLC., Knoxville, Tennessee 37931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
King A, Booker SJ, Thomas WJ, Smith CD. Triceps on, alignment off? A comparison of total elbow arthroplasty component positioning with a triceps-on and a triceps-off approach. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:1-6. [PMID: 30112954 PMCID: PMC6204521 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective review investigates whether the triceps-on approach obtains alignment of total elbow arthroplasty implants equivalent to a triceps-off approach. Methods The last 30 consecutive total elbow arthroplasties performed by the senior author were reviewed to identify the approach used and pathology treated. Initially, a triceps split and reflection approach was used, then a triceps-preserving approach. Two blinded reviewers measured the component alignment in standardised radiographs. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate inter/intra-observer and error. The two groups were compared using an unpaired Student t-test. Results There were 13 elbows in the triceps-off group and 17 in the triceps-on group. Pearson's coefficient was 0.75 for interobserver error, 0.89 for intra-observer error. There was no statistical difference between the achieved alignment. All ulna components were flexed with a mean angle deviation of 4.5 degrees in the triceps-off group and 5.7 degrees in the triceps on. Two (15%) ulna components in the triceps-off group were placed in over 5 degrees of flexion, compared with seven (44%) in the triceps-on group. Conclusion These results demonstrate no statistical difference in the achieved alignment between the two groups. Surgeons should beware of the tendency to place the ulna component in a flexed position, especially in the triceps-on approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A King
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - SJ Booker
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - WJ Thomas
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - CD Smith
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith CD, Downs RP, Carrick JD, Dietz ML. Determination of Extractant Solubility in Ionic Liquids by Thermogravimetric Analysis. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2018.1495683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ryan P. Downs
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Jesse D. Carrick
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Mark L. Dietz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Awad F, Smith CD. Botox in reverse: a useful adjunct for acromial fractures. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 101:75-76. [PMID: 29968503 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Awad
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital , Exeter , UK
| | - C D Smith
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital , Exeter , UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Al-Janabi OM, Ali Bahrani A, Murphy RR, Nelson PT, Trojanowski JQ, Smith CD, Shaw LM, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA. P1‐398: PARIETAL LOBE CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BETA AMYLOID
1‐42
IN PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC AD. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bahrani AA, Al-Janabi OM, Wilcock DM, Smith CD, Jicha GA. IC‐P‐115: ELIMINATING THE SOURCES OF VARIABILITY IN A SEMI‐AUTOMATED WMH QUANTIFICATION METHOD. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
31
|
Al-Janabi OM, Panuganti P, Murphy RR, Nelson PT, Smith CD, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA. P2‐380: MODERATE‐SEVERE LEFT MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE ATROPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE COGNITIVE TESTING SCORES IN A COMMUNITY BASED ELDERLY COHORT. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
32
|
Bahrani AA, Al-Janabi OM, Wilcock DM, Smith CD, Jicha GA. IC‐P‐152: WMH LONGITUDINAL STUDY ANALYSIS USING DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Beazley JCS, Evans JP, Furness ND, Smith CD. Comparative learning curves for early complications in anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:491-496. [PMID: 29692187 PMCID: PMC6111908 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has been a significant increase in the implantation of reverse shoulder replacements over anatomical shoulder replacements in the past five years. Few comparative data exist comparing early complication rates and learning curves. This study aimed to evaluate the early complication rates and learning curves of a single surgeon series of anatomical and reverse shoulder replacements over the first five years of independent practice. Materials and methods The first 100 anatomical and 100 reverse shoulder replacements performed between July 2011 and July 2016 were reviewed to identify early complications. Cumulative sum plots were used to analyse the learning-curve effect. Results Early complications were noted in 4 anatomical and 17 reverse shoulder replacements. One of the anatomical and ten of the reverse shoulder replacements required a return to theatre within three months. The early complication rates were observed to be significantly higher in the reverse shoulder replacement group compared with the anatomical shoulder replacement group (odds ratio 4.9; 95% confidence interval 1.6-15.2, P 1/4 0.057). An inflection point on the anatomical shoulder replacement cumulative sum plot suggestive of a trend to consistent performance was reached at 16 cases. No inflection point was observed on the reverse shoulder replacement cohort. Conclusions We observed a significantly higher early complication rate within the reverse shoulder replacement cohort, with a tenfold increase in early reoperations. In comparison to the trend seen after 16 cases for anatomical shoulder replacement, no trend was seen in the reverse shoulder replacement cohort. This either reflects the higher complication rate seen in reverse shoulder replacement or that the learning curve extends beyond 100 cases, highlighting the need for extended performance monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JCS Beazley
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - JP Evans
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - ND Furness
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - CD Smith
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Panneer Selvam S, Roth BM, Nganga R, Kim J, Cooley MA, Helke K, Smith CD, Ogretmen B. Balance between senescence and apoptosis is regulated by telomere damage-induced association between p16 and caspase-3. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9784-9800. [PMID: 29748384 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activation protects cells from telomere damage by delaying senescence and inducing cell immortalization, whereas telomerase inhibition mediates rapid senescence or apoptosis. However, the cellular mechanisms that determine telomere damage-dependent senescence versus apoptosis induction are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that telomerase instability mediated by silencing of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which binds and stabilizes telomerase, induces telomere damage-dependent caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, but not senescence, in p16-deficient lung cancer cells or tumors. These outcomes were prevented by knockdown of a tumor-suppressor protein, transcription factor 21 (TCF21), or by ectopic expression of WT human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) but not mutant hTERT with altered S1P binding. Interestingly, SphK2-deficient mice exhibited accelerated aging and telomerase instability that increased telomere damage and senescence via p16 activation especially in testes tissues, but not in apoptosis. Moreover, p16 silencing in SphK2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts activated caspase-3 and apoptosis without inducing senescence. Furthermore, ectopic WT p16 expression in p16-deficient A549 lung cancer cells prevented TCF21 and caspase-3 activation and resulted in senescence in response to SphK2/S1P inhibition and telomere damage. Mechanistically, a p16 mutant with impaired caspase-3 association did not prevent telomere damage-induced apoptosis, indicating that an association between p16 and caspase-3 proteins forces senescence induction by inhibiting caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. These results suggest that p16 plays a direct role in telomere damage-dependent senescence by limiting apoptosis via binding to caspase-3, revealing a direct link between telomere damage-dependent senescence and apoptosis with regards to aging and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Braden M Roth
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | - Rose Nganga
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | - Jisun Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Kristi Helke
- Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 30912 and
| | - Charles D Smith
- the Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,Hollings Cancer Center, and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brown CA, Jiang Y, Smith CD, Gold BT. Age and Alzheimer's pathology disrupt default mode network functioning via alterations in white matter microstructure but not hyperintensities. Cortex 2018; 104:58-74. [PMID: 29758374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) comprises defined brain regions contributing to internally-directed thought processes. Reductions in task-induced deactivation in the DMN have been associated with increasing age and poorer executive task performance, but factors underlying these functional changes remain unclear. We investigated contributions of white matter (WM) microstructure, WM hyperintensities (WMH) and Alzheimer's pathology to age-related alterations in DMN function. Thirty-five cognitively normal older adults and 29 younger adults underwent working memory task fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. In the older adults, we measured cerebrospinal fluid tau and Aβ42 (markers of AD pathology), and WMH on FLAIR imaging (marker of cerebrovascular disease). We identified a set of regions showing DMN deactivation and a set of inter-connecting WM tracts (DMN-WM) common to both age groups. There were negative associations between DMN deactivation and task performance in older adults, consistent with previous studies. Decreased DMN deactivation was associated with AD pathology and WM microstructure but not with WMH volume. Mediation analyses showed that WM microstructure mediated declines in DMN deactivation associated with both aging and AD pathology. Together these results suggest that AD pathology may exert a "second-hit" on WM microstructure, over-and-above the effects of age, both contributing to diminished DMN deactivation in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Broster LS, Li J, Wagner B, Smith CD, Jicha GA, Schmitt FA, Munro N, Haney RH, Jiang Y. Spared behavioral repetition effects in Alzheimer's disease linked to an altered neural mechanism at posterior cortex. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:761-776. [PMID: 29463181 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1430230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD) classically show disproportionate impairment in measures of working memory, but repetition learning effects are relatively preserved. As AD affects brain regions implicated in both working memory and repetition effects, the neural basis of this discrepancy is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the posterior repetition effect could account for this discrepancy due to the milder effects of AD at visual cortex. METHOD Participants with early AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls performed a working memory task with superimposed repetition effects while electroencephalography was collected to identify possible neural mechanisms of preserved repetition effects. RESULTS Participants with AD showed preserved behavioral repetition effects and a change in the posterior repetition effect. CONCLUSION Visual cortex may play a role in maintained repetition effects in persons with early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Broster
- a Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Juan Li
- a Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,c Key Laboratory of Mental Health , Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Benjamin Wagner
- a Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- d Department of Neurology , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,e Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,f Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- d Department of Neurology , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,e Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA.,d Department of Neurology , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,e Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Nancy Munro
- g Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , TN , USA
| | - Ryan H Haney
- a Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Yang Jiang
- a Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,e Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA.,f Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schrecengost RS, Green CL, Zhuang Y, Keller SN, Smith RA, Maines LW, Smith CD. In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Capabilities of the Novel GSK3 and CDK9 Inhibitor ABC1183. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:107-116. [PMID: 29434052 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3s (GSK3α and GSK3β) are constitutively active protein kinases that target over 100 substrates, incorporate into numerous protein complexes, and regulate such vital cellular functions as proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) regulates RNA production as a component of positive transcription elongation factor b and promotes expression of oncogenic and inflammatory genes. Simultaneous inhibition of these signaling nodes is a promising approach for drug discovery, although previous compounds exhibit limited selectivity and clinical efficacy. The novel diaminothiazole ABC1183 is a selective GSK3α/β and CDK9 inhibitor and is growth-inhibitory against a broad panel of cancer cell lines. ABC1183 treatment decreases cell survival through G2/M arrest and modulates oncogenic signaling through changes in GSK3, glycogen synthase, and β-catenin phosphorylation and MCL1 expression. Oral administration, which demonstrates no organ or hematologic toxicity, suppresses tumor growth and inflammation-driven gastrointestinal disease symptoms, owing in part to downregulation of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, ABC1183 is strategically poised to effectively mitigate multiple clinically relevant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhuang
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Staci N Keller
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan A Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Al-Janabi OM, Panuganti P, Abner EL, Bahrani AA, Murphy R, Bardach SH, Caban-Holt A, Nelson PT, Gold BT, Smith CD, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA. Global Cerebral Atrophy Detected by Routine Imaging: Relationship with Age, Hippocampal Atrophy, and White Matter Hyperintensities. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:301-306. [PMID: 29314393 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interpreting the clinical significance of moderate-to-severe global cerebral atrophy (GCA) is a conundrum for many clinicians, who visually interpret brain imaging studies in routine clinical practice. GCA may be attributed to normal aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the relationships of GCA with aging, AD, and CVD is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions for cognitive complaints. METHODS To elucidate the relative associations of age, moderate-to-severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and moderate-to-severe medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), with moderate-to-severe GCA, we visually rated clinical brain imaging studies of 325 participants from a community based sample. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relations of GCA with age, WMH, and MTA. RESULTS The mean age was 76.2 (±9.6) years, 40.6% were male, and the mean educational attainment was 15.1 (±3.7) years. Logistic regression results demonstrated that while a 1-year increase in age was associated with GCA (OR = 1.04; P = .04), MTA (OR = 3.7; P < .001), and WMH (OR = 8.80; P < .001) were strongly associated with GCA in our study population. Partial correlation analysis showed that the variance of GCA explained by age is less than the variance attributed to MTA and WMH (r = .13, .21, and .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-severe GCA is most likely to occur in the presence of AD or CVD and should not be solely attributed to age when evaluating clinical imaging findings in the workup of cognitive complaints. Developing optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for cognitive decline in the setting of GCA requires an understanding of its risk factors in the aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Al-Janabi
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Departments of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Pradeep Panuganti
- Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Ahmed A Bahrani
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Ronan Murphy
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Shoshana H Bardach
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Gerontology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Allison Caban-Holt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Departments of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Pathology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Brian T Gold
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Neuroscience, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Charles D Smith
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Physiology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY.,Departments of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY.,Neurology, University of Kentucky Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Engineering, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dai L, Smith CD, Foroozesh M, Miele L, Qin Z. The sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 displays anti-non-small cell lung cancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2153-2162. [PMID: 29277894 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85-90% of lung cancer cases, and is the number one killer among cancers in the United States. The majorities of lung cancer patients do not respond well to conventional chemo- and/or radio-therapeutic regimens, and have a dismal 5-year survival rate of ∼15%. The recent introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy gives new hopes to NSCLC patients, but even with these agents, not all patients respond, and responses are rarely complete. Thus, there is still an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets in NSCLC and develop novel anti-cancer agents. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is one of the key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism. SphK2 expression predicts poor survival in NSCLC patients, and is associated with Gefitinib-resistance. In this study, the anti-NSCLC activities of ABC294640, the only first-in-class orally available inhibitor of SphK2, were explored. The results obtained indicate that ABC294640 treatment causes significant NSCLC cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, lipidomics analyses revealed the complete signature of ceramide and dihydro(dh)-ceramide species in the NSCLC cell-lines with or without ABC294640 treatment. These findings indicate that sphingolipid metabolism targeted therapy may be developed as a promising strategy against NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA.,Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | | | - Maryam Foroozesh
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA.,Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Smith CD, Schrecengost RS, Zhuang Y, Maines LW, Keller SN, Smith RA, Green CL. Abstract B190: Antitumor effects of ABC131, a novel diaminothiazole inhibitor of tubulin. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-b190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several established chemotherapy drugs, including vinca alkaloids and paclitaxel, block tumor cell division by disrupting microtubule dynamics, ultimately leading to apoptosis. For decades, these drugs have remained central components for cancer therapy despite their limitations, which include hematologic and neurologic toxicities and the propensity for tumor cells to develop resistance to these agents. In characterizing a new series of diaminothiazoles, we focused on defining the mechanism of action and the antitumor activity of a novel compound (ABC131). Materials and Methods: A library of DATs was synthesized by reaction of substituted phenylisothiocyanates, tetramethylguanidine and substituted phenylacylbromides, and tested for cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines. These compounds were further assessed for their mechanism(s) of action using a variety of cellular and biochemical assays, and selected compounds were tested in vivo for toxicity and antitumor activity in syngeneic allograft models using PAN02 (pancreatic), B16 (melanoma) or TRAMP (prostate) tumor cells. Results: A library of more than 90 diaminothiazoles was produced, and these compounds demonstrated IC50s for cytotoxicity against PAN02 cells ranging from 0.04 to >100 μM. Several of these compounds depolymerized microtubules in cells. One such compound, ABC131, was selected for detailed characterization because of the potent antiproliferative activity against a panel of murine and human tumor cells (IC50s ~30-300 nM). ABC131 caused dose-dependent microtubule depolymerization in cells, in parallel with G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Kinome profiling demonstrated that ABC131 did not significantly inhibit any of more than 400 protein kinases, including cyclin-dependent kinases, which are inhibited by several compounds within this library. Importantly, transport studies demonstrated that ABC131 is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein, a well-established mechanism for resistance to many other anti-microtubule drugs. Oral administration of ABC131 at doses as low as 2 mg/kg/day inhibited tumor growth in all models tested (PAN02, B16, and TRAMP). Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution analyses of ABC131 demonstrated >10-fold IC50 levels in the plasma and tumors following oral dosing of mice. Although ABC131 was rapidly cleared from the plasma, liver, and brain, >IC50 levels of ABC131 persisted in tumors for at least 7 hours after oral dosing. No hematologic or major organ toxicity was observed in mice treated with ABC131 at 500 mg/kg/day for 7 days. A model of peripheral neuropathy in rats demonstrated markedly reduced toxicity for ABC131 compared with paclitaxel. Conclusions: ABC131 is a new potential anticancer agent with several advantages over established anti-microtubule drugs, including oral bioavailability, lack of sensitivity to P-glycoprotein, lack of hematologic toxicity, and reduced neuropathy. These properties of ABC131 are highly supportive of its development as an anticancer drug.
Citation Format: Charles D. Smith, Randy S. Schrecengost, Yan Zhuang, Lynn W. Maines, Staci N. Keller, Ryan A. Smith, Cecelia L. Green. Antitumor effects of ABC131, a novel diaminothiazole inhibitor of tubulin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B190.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhuang
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Espay AJ, Da Prat GA, Dwivedi AK, Rodriguez-Porcel F, Vaughan JE, Rosso M, Devoto JL, Duker AP, Masellis M, Smith CD, Mandybur GT, Merola A, Lang AE. Deconstructing normal pressure hydrocephalus: Ventriculomegaly as early sign of neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:503-513. [PMID: 28892572 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) remains both oversuspected on clinical grounds and underconfirmed when based on immediate and sustained response to cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Poor long-term postshunt benefits and findings of neurodegenerative pathology in most patients with adequate follow-up suggest that hydrocephalic disorders appearing in late adulthood may often result from initially unapparent parenchymal abnormalities. We critically review the NPH literature, highlighting the near universal lack of blinding and controls, absence of specific clinical, imaging, or pathological features, and ongoing dependence for diagnostic confirmation on variable cutoffs of gait response to bedside fluid-drainage testing. We also summarize our long-term institutional experience, in which postshunt benefits in patients with initial diagnosis of idiopathic NPH persist in only 32% of patients at 36 months, with known revised diagnosis in over 25% (Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and progressive supranuclear palsy). We postulate that previously reported NPH cases with "dual" pathology (ie, developing a "second" disorder) more likely represent ventriculomegalic presentations of selected neurodegenerative disorders in which benefits from shunting may be short-lived, with a consequently unfavorable risk-benefit ratio. Ann Neurol 2017;82:503-513.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Gustavo A Da Prat
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.,Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Departamento de Neurologia, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alok K Dwivedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), El Paso, TX
| | - Federico Rodriguez-Porcel
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jennifer E Vaughan
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michela Rosso
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Johnna L Devoto
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Andrew P Duker
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mario Masellis
- Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, and Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles D Smith
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - George T Mandybur
- Mayfield Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aristide Merola
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dai L, Bai A, Smith CD, Rodriguez PC, Yu F, Qin Z. ABC294640, A Novel Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor, Induces Oncogenic Virus-Infected Cell Autophagic Death and Represses Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2724-2734. [PMID: 28939554 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which preferentially arise in HIV+ patients and lack effective treatment. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is a key factor within sphingolipid metabolism, responsible for the conversion of proapoptotic ceramides to antiapoptotic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We have previously demonstrated that targeting SphK2 using a novel selective inhibitor, ABC294640, leads to the accumulation of intracellular ceramides and induces apoptosis in KSHV-infected primary endothelial cells and PEL tumor cells but not in uninfected cells. In this study, we found that ABC294640 induces autophagic death instead of apoptosis in a KSHV long-term-infected immortalized endothelial cell-line, TIVE-LTC, but not in uninfected TIVE cells, through the upregulation of LC3B protein. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that many genes related to cellular stress responses, cell cycle/proliferation, and cellular metabolic process are altered in TIVE-LTC exposed to ABC294640. One of the candidates, Egr-1, was found to directly regulate LC3B expression and was required for the ABC294640-induced autophagic death. By using a Kaposi sarcoma-like nude mice model with TIVE-LTC, we found that ABC294640 treatment significantly suppressed KSHV-induced tumor growth in vivo, which indicates that targeting sphingolipid metabolism, especially SphK2, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against KSHV-related malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2724-34. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Aiping Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hershey Center for Applied Research, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Booker SJ, Boyd M, Gallacher S, Evans JP, Auckland C, Kitson J, Thomas W, Smith CD. The colonisation of the glenohumeral joint by Propionibacterium acnes is not associated with frozen shoulder but is more likely to occur after an injection into the joint. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:1067-1072. [PMID: 28768784 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b8.bjj-2016-1168.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of Propionibacterium (P.) acnes in the subcutaneous fat and capsule of patients undergoing shoulder surgery for frozen shoulder or instability. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 46 patients undergoing either an arthroscopic capsular release or stabilisation had biopsies taken from the subcutaneous fat and capsule of the shoulder at the time of surgery. These samples were sent for culture in enrichment, and also for Nucleic Acid Amplification testing. The prevalence of P. acnes and other microbes was recorded. Fisher's exact test of binary variables was used to calculate the association with significance set at p < 0.05. Assessment of influence of independent variables including a pre-operative glenohumeral injection, fat colonisation and gender, was undertaken using binary linear regression. RESULTS A total of 25 patients (53%) had P. acnes in one or more tissue samples and 35 (74%) had other bacterial species. The same microbe was found in the subcutaneous fat and the capsule in 13 patients (28%). There was no statistically significant association between the surgical pathology and capsular colonisation with P. acnes (p = 0.18) or mixed identified bacterial species (p = 0.77). Male gender was significantly associated with an increased capsular colonisation of P. acnes (odds ratio (OR) 12.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43 to 106.77, p = 0.02). A pre-operative glenohumeral injection was significantly associated with capsular P. acnes colonisation (OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.07 to 29.61, p = 0.04. Positive fat colonisation with P. acnes was significantly associated with capsular P. acnes (OR 363, 95% CI 20.90 to 6304.19, p < 0.01). Regression models pseudo R2 found fat colonisation with P. acnes to explain 70% of the variance of the model. Patients who had a pre-operative glenohumeral injection who were found intra-operatively to have fat colonisation with P. acnes had a statistically significant association with colonisation of their capsule with P. acnes (OR 165, 95% CI 13.51 to 2015.24, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results show a statistically significant association between subcutaneous skin P. acnes culture and P. acnes capsular culture, especially when the patient has undergone a previous injection. The results refute the hypothesis that P. acnes causes frozen shoulder. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1067-72.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Booker
- Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - M Boyd
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
| | - S Gallacher
- Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J P Evans
- Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - C Auckland
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Kitson
- Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - W Thomas
- Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - C D Smith
- Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Thakkar JP, Slevin JT, Smith CD, Sudhakar P, St. Clair W, Villano JL. Bilateral Radiation Optic Neuropathy Following Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation in Glioblastoma. Neuroophthalmology 2017; 41:287-290. [DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2017.1322989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jigisha P. Thakkar
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - John T. Slevin
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Padmaja Sudhakar
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - William St. Clair
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - John L. Villano
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Murphy RR, Al Sawaf A, Rose DR, Goldstein LB, Smith CD. Clinical Reasoning: Two see or not two see—Is it really double vision? Neurology 2017; 89:e56-e60. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
46
|
Selvam SP, Cooley M, Helke K, Garrett-Mayer E, Smith CD, Ogretmen B. Abstract 5474: Sphingosine kinase 2/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling regulates p16 mediated accelerated aging in normal somatic tissues and tcf21 mediated tumor suppression in lung cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a pro-proliferative sphingolipid generated by Sphingosine Kinases is upregulated in many cancers. Telomerase (hTERT), is a ribonucleoprotein that extends the ends of chromosomes (telomeres), to promote lung cancer growth. We discovered that SK2 generated S1P binds and stabilizes telomerase in the nuclear periphery by allosterically mimicking protein phosphorylation. Mechanistically, S1P binding protected telomerase from MKRN1 mediated degradation thereby preventing telomere dysfunction and senescence. The objective of this study is to delineate the molecular mechanism of SK2-S1P mediated telomere dysfunction in aging and lung cancer. SK2 knockout mice tissues showed increased telomeric DNA damage and senescence associated-beta galactosidase activity. Moreover, SK2 knockout mice displayed aging phenotypes by reduced subcutaneous fat, atrophy in spleens and hypoplasia in mice testes. Also, SK2 knockout fibroblasts showed increased senescence and robust p16 expression and interestingly, p16 ablation rescued SK2 knockout fibroblasts from senescence. Importantly, we found SK2 and telomerase protein levels to be upregulated in lung cancer tumor tissues (n=48). Mechanistically, pharmacological inhibition of SK2 by ABC294640 (in Phase II clinical trials) leads to telomere dysfunction in A549 cells and interestingly wild type and a phosphomimicking S921D-hTERT mutant of human telomerase overexpression prevented telomere dysfunction whereas S1P defective mutant D684A-hTERT did not. In vivo, inhibition of SK2 by ABC294640 or shRNA knockdown displayed reduced tumor volume, decreased telomerase protein levels and increased TUNEL positive cells. Interestingly, qPCR based gene array revealed robust increase in TCF21 tumor suppressor in stable shSK2 tumors. Furthermore, shRNA against TCF21 following SCID mice xenograft studies showed protection against ABC294640 induced tumor suppression. Interestingly, SK2 inhibition showed ATM/ATR kinase mediated p-CHK1 increase and subsequent activation of caspase-3 in both in vivo and in vitro experiments and stable TCF21 knockdown prevents apoptotic cell death. Importantly, p16 overexpression in p16 deficient A549 lung cancer cells prevented caspase-3 activation and leading to senescence induction following inhibition of SK2-S1P by ABC294640 or shRNA against SK2. Overall, our data suggest that SK2-S1P regulates telomere dysfunction through p16 mediated aging in normal somatic tissues and TCF21 mediated tumor suppression in lung cancer and interestingly SK2-S1P and p16 acts as a molecular switch between senescence and apoptosis in normal and cancer cells respectively.
Citation Format: Shanmugam Panneer Selvam, Marion Cooley, Kristi Helke, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Charles D. Smith, Besim Ogretmen. Sphingosine kinase 2/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling regulates p16 mediated accelerated aging in normal somatic tissues and tcf21 mediated tumor suppression in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5474. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5474
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Cooley
- 1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kristi Helke
- 1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gold BT, Brown CA, Hakun JG, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Smith CD. Clinically silent Alzheimer's and vascular pathologies influence brain networks supporting executive function in healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:102-111. [PMID: 28719854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in executive function. We examined how executive functional brain systems are influenced by clinically silent Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cerebral white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Twenty-nine younger adults and 34 cognitively normal older adults completed a working memory paradigm while functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Older adults further underwent lumbar cerebrospinal fluid draw for the assessment of AD pathology and FLAIR imaging for the assessment of WMHs. Accurate working memory performance in both age groups was associated with high fronto-visual functional connectivity (fC). However, in older adults, higher expression of fronto-visual fC was linked with lower levels of clinically silent AD pathology. In addition, AD pathology and WMHs were each independently related to increased functional magnetic resonance imaging response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a pattern associated with slower task performance. Our results suggest that clinically silent AD pathology is related to lower expression of a fronto-visual fC pattern supporting executive task performance. Further, our findings suggest that AD pathology and WMHs appear to be linked with ineffective increases in frontal response in CN older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan G Hakun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Britten CD, Garrett-Mayer E, Chin SH, Shirai K, Ogretmen B, Bentz TA, Brisendine A, Anderton K, Cusack SL, Maines LW, Zhuang Y, Smith CD, Thomas MB. A Phase I Study of ABC294640, a First-in-Class Sphingosine Kinase-2 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4642-4650. [PMID: 28420720 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Sphingosine kinases (SK1 and SK2) regulate tumor growth by generating the mitogenic and proinflammatory lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). This phase I study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of ABC294640, a first-in-class orally available inhibitor of SK2.Experimental Design: Escalating doses of ABC294640 were administered orally to patients with advanced solid tumors in sequential cohorts at the following dose levels: 250 mg qd, 250 mg bid, 500 mg bid, and 750 mg bid, continuously in cycles of 28 days. Serial blood samples were obtained to measure ABC294640 concentrations and sphingolipid profiles.Results: Twenty-two patients were enrolled, and 21 received ABC294640. The most common drug-related toxicities were nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Among the 4 patients at 750 mg bid, one had dose-limiting grade 3 nausea and vomiting, and 2 were unable to complete cycle 1 due to diverse drug-related toxicities. The 500 mg bid dose level was established as the recommended phase II dose. ABC294640 administration resulted in decreases in S1P levels over the first 12 hours, with return to baseline at 24 hours. The best response was a partial response in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma at 250 mg qd, and stable disease was observed in 6 patients with various solid tumors across dose levels.Conclusions: At 500 mg bid, ABC294640 is well tolerated and achieves biologically relevant plasma concentrations. Changes in plasma sphingolipid levels may provide a useful pharmacodynamic biomarker for ABC294640. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4642-50. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Britten
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Population Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Steven H Chin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Keisuke Shirai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tricia A Bentz
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alan Brisendine
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kate Anderton
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Susan L Cusack
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania.
| | - Melanie B Thomas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sommer G, Fedarovich A, Kota V, Rodriguez R, Smith CD, Heise T. Applying a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay for the discovery of chemical probes blocking La:RNA interactions in vitro and in cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173246. [PMID: 28291789 PMCID: PMC5349447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein La is overexpressed in a number of tumor tissues and is thought to support tumorigenesis by binding to and facilitating the expression of mRNAs encoding tumor-promoting and anti-apoptotic factors. Hence, small molecules able to block the binding of La to specific RNAs could have a therapeutic impact by reducing the expression of tumor-promoting and anti-apoptotic factors. Toward this novel therapeutic strategy, we aimed to develop a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay to screen small compound libraries for molecules blocking the binding of La to an RNA element derived from cyclin D1 mRNA. Herein, we make use of a robust fluorescence polarization assay and the validation of primary hits by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We showed recently that La protects cells against cisplatin treatment by stimulating the protein synthesis of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2. Here, we show by RNA immunoprecipitation experiments that one small compound specifically impairs the association of La with Bcl2 mRNA in cells and sensitizes cells for cipslatin-induced cell death. In summary, we report the application of a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay to identify small compounds that impair the binding of La to target RNAs in vitro and in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunhild Sommer
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Alena Fedarovich
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Kota
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Reycel Rodriguez
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tilman Heise
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Prinsep MR, Appleton TG, Hanson GR, Lane I, Smith CD, Puddick J, Fairlie DP. Tolyporphin Macrocycles from the Cyanobacterium Tolypothrix nodosa Selectively Bind Copper and Silver and Reverse Multidrug Resistance. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5577-5585. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle R. Prinsep
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ian Lane
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department
of Pharmacology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Jonathan Puddick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|