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Sayed IM, El-Shamy A, Abdelwahab SF. Emerging Pathogens Causing Acute Hepatitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2952. [PMID: 38138096 PMCID: PMC10745594 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatitis is defined as an inflammation or injury in the hepatocytes that continues for a short period of time (less than 6 months) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Shamy
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Hayashi H, Watanabe K, Inui A, Kato A, Tatsumi Y, Okumura A, Fujisawa T, Kato K. Alanine Aminotransferase as the First Test Parameter for Wilson's Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019; 7:293-296. [PMID: 31915597 PMCID: PMC6943216 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The liver is the first organ affected by toxic copper in the classical and severe hepatic forms of Wilson's disease (WD). Because their associated chronic liver damage is mostly asymptomatic, an intervention using a special test including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity is needed for detecting WD. Methods: Using the modified international criteria for the diagnosis of WD, 45 patients were selected from the collective databases of our institutions, and 7 infants were reviewed from the literature. Two patients had the severe hepatic form, with normoceruloplasminemia and no mutations in ATP7B. The rapid ALT change during hemolytic anemia was adjusted for a baseline. The diagnostic potential of the ALT test was assessed from the age-dependent natural course of the liver damage of WD. Results: The natural course had three stages. ALTs were still low in some infants younger than 4 years-old. They were high in all children between the ages of 4 and 8 years-old; then, they reduced to low levels in some patients over 9 years of age. The high ALT stage represents chronic active hepatitis, and the subsequent low ALT stage is due to silent cirrhosis. The hepatic copper content is a reliable but invasive test, while urinary copper secretion is an alternative, non-invasive test for copper toxicosis of WD. The serum ceruloplasmin and ATP7B analyses are subtype tests of WD. The response to anti-copper regimens is the final test result. Conclusions: ALT could be the first parameter to test to detect WD in children between the ages of 4 and 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Correspondence to: Hisao Hayashi, Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, 1–100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan. Tel: +81-52-757-6779, E-mail:
| | | | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Yokohama Toub Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okumura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kainan Hospital, Yatomi, Japan
| | - Tomoo Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Yokohama Toub Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Yahata S, Yung S, Mandai M, Nagahara T, Kuzume D, Sakaeda H, Wakusawa S, Kato A, Tatsumi Y, Kato K, Hayashi H, Isaji R, Sasaki Y, Yano M, Hayashi K, Ishigami M, Goto H. Phenotypes and Chronic Organ Damage May Be Different among Siblings with Wilson's Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2017; 5:27-30. [PMID: 28507923 PMCID: PMC5411353 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Cloning of ATP7B provided evidence that Wilson's disease is a hepatic copper toxicosis with a variety of extrahepatic complications. Affected siblings with the same genetic background and exposure to similar environmental factors may be a good model for the study of genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods: Twenty-three affected siblings in 11 families were selected from a database. The first phenotypes were determined according to the international proposal. The final types of chronic organ damage were re-evaluated for life-long management. Results: Phenotypes were identical in 5 of the families and different in 6 of the families. The acute hepatic phenotype H1 was found in 3 younger siblings and 1 older sibling. All survived an acute episode of hemolysis with underlying chronic liver disease. One also presented complication with neurological disease. The neurological phenotype N1 with neuropsychiatric symptoms and hepatic disease was found in 2 aged siblings of 1 family, in an older sibling in 3 families and in the oldest sibling in 1 family. Phenotypes in siblings were mainly split by either H1 occurring in random order or age-dependent N1. Types of chronic organ damage were identical in 8 of the families and different in 3 of the families. The same combination of chronic liver disease was found in 6 families and chronic liver disease complicated with neurological disease in 2 families. Split organ damage in siblings was found when an older sibling was complicated by neurological disease. There was no reverse combination of a younger sibling being complicated by neurological disease in any of the families. Conclusion: Phenotype combinations of siblings were mainly modified by externally-induced hemolytic episodes, while chronic organ damage in siblings was split by age-dependent neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Yahata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seitetsu Yung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mari Mandai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tottori Prefectural Kousei Hospital, Kurayoshi, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takakazu Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tottori Prefectural Kousei Hospital, Kurayoshi, Tottori, Japan
| | - Daisaku Kuzume
- Departments of Neurology and Gastroenterology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaeda
- Departments of Neurology and Gastroenterology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shinya Wakusawa
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence to: Hisao Hayashi, Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan. Tel: +81-52-757-6779, Fax: +81-52-757-6799, E-mail:
| | - Ryohei Isaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Konan Kosei Hospital, Takaya-cho, Konan, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Konan Kosei Hospital, Takaya-cho, Konan, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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