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Molecular characterization of canine filarioids in a previously non-endemic area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:925-932. [PMID: 35083588 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of canine heartworm disease, a severe health problem in dogs, especially in coastal areas of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We employed molecular methods to investigate the occurrence of canine infection by filarioids in five municipalities of Baixada Fluminense (Magé, Duque de Caxias, Guapimirim, Nova Iguaçu, and São João de Meriti), a non-endemic area of Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast Brazil. A total of 110 canine blood samples collected from 2017 to 2018 and positive for microfilariae at the modified Knott's test were screened by cPCR targeting DNA fragments of the 12S rDNA gene for filarial nematodes. Seventy-seven samples (70%) tested positive at the molecular analysis. Of these, 72 were identified as D. immitis and 5 (4.5%) as Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Dirofilaria repens was not detected in the studied municipalities of Baixada Fluminense. This is the first record of D. immitis and A. reconditum in the Baixada Fluminense region, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The prevalence of D. immitis cases in the five municipalities suggests the establishment and maintenance of its enzootic cycle in the studied region, which indicate vulnerability to the occurrence of epidemic cycles and, possibly, human cases.
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Trancoso TAL, Lima NDC, Barbosa AS, Leles D, Fonseca ABM, Labarthe NV, Bastos OMP, Uchôa CMA. Detection of Dirofilaria immitis using microscopic, serological and molecular techniques among dogs in Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2020; 29:e017219. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Heartworm disease is a health problem for dogs and cats, especially in tropical and subtropical coastal regions of the world. Some studies have compared the efficacy of the diagnostic techniques used to detect this parasitosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare parasitological optical microscopy (POM), serological and molecular techniques for diagnosing canine heartworm infection. Samples were collected between July 2015 and April 2016 from 103 dogs in Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil. The wet fresh blood, thick smears, thin smears and modified Knott’s test were used to detect microfilariae. ELISA (Snap™ 4Dx ® IDEXX) was used to detect antigens and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect DNA and enable sequencing for species differentiation and confirmation. 19.4% of samples were positive according to microscopy. Through PCR, 15.5% of the total were positive. Using ELISA, the positivity rate was 29.1%. Occult heartworm infection was detected in 11.6% of the samples. ELISA sensitivity was shown to be higher than PCR or microscopy (P = 0.001). Sequencing of samples confirmed the presence of Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum . ELISA was more effective for serological diagnosis canine heartworm and should be used in clinical and epidemiological studies.
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de Argôlo EGG, Reis T, Fontes DAT, Gonçalves EC, Giese EG, Melo FTDV, dos Santos JN, Furtado AP. Canine filariasis in the Amazon: Species diversity and epidemiology of these emergent and neglected zoonoses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200419. [PMID: 29995959 PMCID: PMC6040735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum are common parasites in dogs but have also been reported parasitizing humans. The differential diagnosis and epidemiological evaluation of these zoonoses are important to the development of efficient public health policies and control strategies. The purpose of this study was to carry out an epidemiological survey by using molecular methods for the specific identification of filarid parasites of domestic dogs in the Marajó mesoregion, State of Pará (PA), Brazil. A total of 418 canine blood samples from Marajó mesoregion (Northern Brazil) were collected, submitted to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with “pan filarial” primer, subsequent sequencing and sequence analysis using BLASTn software comparison with previously deposited sequences in GenBank. After that, a phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Parsimony was performed to aid the specific diagnosis. The obtained sequences showed the occurrence of 9 (2.15%) dogs infected with D. immitis and 30 (7.18%) by A. reconditum, with a confidence interval of 95%, there were no cases of co-infection. We observed that male dogs were more likely to D. immits and A. reconditum infection. However, age was not significant to both infections. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of A. reconditum in the northern region of Brazil and confirmed the presence of D. immitis in the Marajó mesoregion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Reis
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém – Pará – Brazil
| | - Diego Ari Teixeira Fontes
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém – Pará – Brazil
| | - Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém – Pará – Brazil
| | - Elane Guerreiro Giese
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Belém – Pará – Brazil
| | | | - Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém – Pará – Brazil
| | - Adriano Penha Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém – Pará – Brazil
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Moraes MFD, da Silva MX, Magalhães-Matos PC, de Albuquerque ACA, Tebaldi JH, Mathias LA, Lux Hoppe EG. Filarial nematodes with zoonotic potential in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766, Carnivora: Procyonidae) and domestic dogs from Iguaçu National Park, Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2017; 8:1-9. [PMID: 31014622 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Iguaçu National Park, which contains the largest remnant of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil and Iguaçu Falls as one of its main visiting points, is a year-round attraction for thousands of domestic and international tourists. Ring-tailed coatis are generalist, opportunistic carnivores that benefit from human association. These animals are the most abundant carnivores in this park, where they come into close contact with tourists and the resident population around the park. Moreover, as the park is surrounded by human dwellings, free roaming domestic dogs are frequently present, favoring the exchange of pathogens with wild animals. Wild carnivores are known to be infected with several pathogens, from viruses to arthropods, some of them passed on by domestic carnivores. Among the nematodes that infect wild carnivores, those of the Onchocercidae family are of concern due to their zoonotic potential. The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of filarial nematodes in coatis and dogs in Iguaçu National Park, as well as the potential impact of infection on host health and body condition. To this end, 75 coatis and 50 adult dogs were captured in the aforementioned area. Seven species of filarioids, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema reconditum, Brugia sp., Mansonella sp. and two undetermined species, confirmed by histochemical tests, were diagnosed in the area. Knott's concentration test in coatis and dogs showed a prevalence of 81.6% and 16.0%, respectively. Seven microfilarial morphotypes were diagnosed in the coatis and two morphotypes were found in the dogs. A specific immunoassay test for Dirofilaria immitis revealed the presence of D. immitis infection in 1.33% of the coatis and 22% of the domestic dogs. The parasitic infection had negligible effects on the body condition of both dog and coati hosts, but an increase was found in eosinophil counts in coatis with filarial infection, as well as decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin in the infected domestic dogs. These findings represent new locality and host records for all the filarioids diagnosed in the area of this study, with some of the diagnosed parasites, given their zoonotic potential, representing a health risk for park visitors and the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina Xavier da Silva
- Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, BR 469, km 22,5, CEP: 85570-970 Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Magalhães-Matos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, BR - 465, km 07, CEP:23.890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Alexandre de Albuquerque
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - José Hairton Tebaldi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Antônio Mathias
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevam G Lux Hoppe
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Brener B, Millar PR, Mattos DPBGD, Uchôa F, Bastos B, Lyrio IR, Aragon PL, Sudré AP. Ectopic dirofilariosis in two dogs from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54:175-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652012000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Report of two canine dirofilariosis cases of ectopic location in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This is the first report of erratic migration for this parasitosis in dogs in the state, calling attention to the short period of time between the two cases. The fact that the area is endemic for this parasite, its zoonotic potential and the report of human cases in the state, demonstrates that authorities should be alerted to the control programs of dirofilariosis along with the pathogenic profile of the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flávia Uchôa
- Laboratório Clínico Veterinário Flávia Uchôa, Brazil
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Akhtardanesh B, Hossein Radfar M, Voosough D, Darijani N. Seroprevalence of canine heartworm disease in Kerman, southeastern Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-010-1035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee AC, Montgomery SP, Theis JH, Blagburn BL, Eberhard ML. Public health issues concerning the widespread distribution of canine heartworm disease. Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Detection of dog filariasis in Marajo Island, Brazil by classical and molecular methods. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:1509-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dantas-Torres F. Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2008; 1:25. [PMID: 18691408 PMCID: PMC2533296 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in Brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. Dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., Babesia vogeli, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, tabanids, and phlebotomine sand flies. This article focuses on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, control, prevention, and public health significance) of CVBDs in Brazil and discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, PO Box 7472, Recife, 50670420, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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