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Shayan M, Eslami F, Khosravi A, Rashidian A, Jafari RM, Maroufi SF, Golroudbari HT, Dehpour AR. The Possible Protective Effects of Ondansetron and Tropisetron on Optic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:88-94. [PMID: 36423625 DOI: 10.1055/a-1969-4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of cyclosporine - a calcineurin inhibitor-, ondansetron, and tropisetron-5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists-, on optic nerve crush (ONC) injury in rats. Moreover, underlying signaling activities of their beneficial neuroprotective effects were studied. METHODS Adult male rats were treated with the intravitreal administration of cyclosporine (1.6 mM), ondansetron (100 nM), and tropisetron (100 nM) immediately after the induction of ONC. Subsequently, on 7th day after surgery, the rats' retinas were extracted, and the expression of apoptotic regulators (Bax and Bcl-2) and calcineurin were studied by western blot analysis. RESULTS The induction of ONC injury was associated to higher expression of Bax and calcineurin, while Bcl-2 expression was considerably decreased in these animals. Intravitreal treatment with cyclosporine (1.6 mM), ondansetron (100 nM), and tropisetron (100 nM) significantly attenuated the increased expression of Bax and calcineurin. Moreover, the treatment with these agents resulted in an elevated expression of Bcl-2 in the retina. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that cyclosporine, ondansetron, and tropisetron protect against ONC injury in rats, possibly via the suppression of apoptosis and modulation of calcineurin activity directly and via 5-HT3 receptors. Moreover, immunoblotting showed that tropisetron was more effective as opposed to ondansetron. Further studies are needed to evaluate the precise mechanism behind cyclosporine, ondansetron, and tropisetron activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Khosravi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razie Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Tashak Golroudbari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alvariño R, Alfonso A, Pech-Puch D, Gegunde S, Rodríguez J, Vieytes MR, Jiménez C, Botana LM. Furanoditerpenes from Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Display Mitochondrial-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects by Targeting Cyclophilin D. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2449-2463. [PMID: 35901231 PMCID: PMC9686139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective properties of five previously described furanoditerpenes 1-5, isolated from Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera, were evaluated in an in vitro oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y cells. Dose-response treatments revealed that 1-5 improved cell survival at nanomolar concentrations through the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Their ability to prevent the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening was also assessed, finding that 4 and 5 inhibited the channel at 0.001 μM. This inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of cyclophilin D, the main regulator of the pore, which was also reduced by 1 and 2. However, the activation of ERK and GSK3β, upstream modulators of the channel, was not affected by compounds. Therefore, their ability to bind cyclophilin D was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance, observing that 2-5 presented equilibrium dissociation constants in the micromolar range. All compounds also showed affinity for cyclophilin A, being 1 selective toward this isoform, while 2 and 5 exhibited selectivity for cyclophilin D. When the effects on the intracellular expression of cyclophilins A-C were determined, it was found that only 1 decreased cyclophilin A, while cyclophilins B and C were diminished by most compounds, displaying enhanced effects under oxidative stress conditions. Results indicate that furanoditerpenes 1-5 have mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotective properties through direct interaction with cyclophilin D. Due to the important role of this protein in oxidative stress and inflammation, compounds are promising drugs for new therapeutic strategies against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Dawrin Pech-Puch
- Centro
de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain,Departamento
de Biología Marina, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y
Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Fundación
Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Santiago de Compostela
(FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro
de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro
de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain,. Phone/Fax: +34881012170
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain,. Phone/Fax: +34982822233
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Dafny N. Immunotherapy as a treatment to confront the ongoing opioid epidemic- A review. J Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 1:20-27. [PMID: 36624866 PMCID: PMC9825804 DOI: 10.46439/immunol.1.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders continue to be major medical and social problems worldwide. The use of opiate has grown substantially over the past three decades reaching the dimensions of a global epidemic. Current drug treatments have many limitations: long treatment times, dependency on treatment medications, relapses after treatment, high costs of treatment, and non-adherence by affected persons. Most of the available drug treatments for opiate addiction belong to the opioid family. Some worry that the availability of the drugs may simply cause substituting one opioid medication for another. Immunotherapy has a great potential of becoming an additional therapeutic strategy in the treatment of addiction. Immunotherapy also prevents overdose of treatment drugs. This monograph reviews preclinical studies of immunotherapy and experiments using treatments with three different immunomodifiers that were able to significantly attenuate the severity of opioid withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent animals. These immunotherapy treatments are short, and will prevent relapse of opioid dependency and toxicity.
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Nezamoleslami S, Sheibani M, Mumtaz F, Esmaeili J, Shafaroodi H, Dehpour AR. Lithium reverses the effect of opioids on eNOS/nitric oxide pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6829-6840. [PMID: 32888132 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge of pain management with opioids is development of acute and chronic analgesic tolerance. Several studies on neuronal cells have focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in tolerance such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) activation, and nitric oxide (NO) pathway. However, the effects of opioids on non-neuronal cells and tolerance development have been poorly investigated. Lithium chloride is a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and exert its effects through modulation of nitric oxide pathway. In this study we examined the effect of lithium on acute/chronic morphine and methadone administration in endothelial cells which express mu opioid receptors. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different doses of morphine, methadone, and lithium for six and 48 h. Then we evaluated cell viability, nitrite and cyclic AMP levels, as well as the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein using Immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay and phosphorylated GSK-3β enzyme by western blot analysis in cells. Both chronic morphine and methadone treatment increased NO level and eNOS expression in HUVECs. Morphine induced cAMP overproduction after 48 h exposure with cells. Lithium pretreatment (10 mM) in both morphine and methadone received groups significantly reduced nitrite and cAMP levels as well as eNOS expression as compared to the control. The decreased amount of phospho GSK-3β due to the opioid exposure was increased following lithium treatment. Tolerance like pattern may occur in non-neuronal cells with opioid receptors and this study clearly revealed the attenuation of morphine and methadone tolerance like behavior by lithium treatment in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Nezamoleslami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faiza Mumtaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 1477893855, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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