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Catalán M, Olmedo I, Faúndez J, Jara JA. Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondria: From New Vehicles and Pharmacophore Groups to Old Drugs with Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8684. [PMID: 33217901 PMCID: PMC7698797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in tumor cell mitochondria as a pharmacological target has been rekindled in recent years. This attention is due in part to new publications documenting heterogenous characteristics of solid tumors, including anoxic and hypoxic zones that foster cellular populations with differentiating metabolic characteristics. These populations include tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells, which have a strong capacity to adapt to reduced oxygen availability, switching rapidly between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy and metabolites. Additionally, this cell subpopulation shows high chemo- and radioresistance and a high capacity for tumor repopulation. Interestingly, it has been shown that inhibiting mitochondrial function in tumor cells affects glycolysis pathways, cell bioenergy, and cell viability. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibition may be a viable strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells. In this context, medicinal chemistry research over the last decade has synthesized and characterized "vehicles" capable of transporting novel or existing pharmacophores to mitochondrial tumor cells, based on mechanisms that exploit the physicochemical properties of the vehicles and the inherent properties of the mitochondria. The pharmacophores, some of which have been isolated from plants and others, which were synthesized in the lab, are diverse in chemical nature. Some of these molecules are active, while others are prodrugs that have been evaluated alone or linked to mitochondria-targeted agents. Finally, researchers have recently described drugs with well-proven safety and efficacy that may exert a mitochondria-specific inhibitory effect in tumor cells through noncanonical mechanisms. The effectiveness of these molecules may be improved by linking them to mitochondrial carrier molecules. These promising pharmacological agents should be evaluated alone and in combination with classic chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jennifer Faúndez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - José A. Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
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Fan TW, Higashi RM, Chernayavskaya Y, Lane AN. Resolving Metabolic Heterogeneity in Experimental Models of the Tumor Microenvironment from a Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics Perspective. Metabolites 2020; 10:E249. [PMID: 32549391 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises complex interactions of multiple cell types that determines cell behavior and metabolism such as nutrient competition and immune suppression. We discuss the various types of heterogeneity that exist in solid tumors, and the complications this invokes for studies of TME. As human subjects and in vivo model systems are complex and difficult to manipulate, simpler 3D model systems that are compatible with flexible experimental control are necessary for studying metabolic regulation in TME. Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) is a valuable tool for tracing metabolic networks in complex systems, but at present does not directly address heterogeneous metabolism at the individual cell level. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of different model systems for SIRM experiments, with a focus on lung cancer cells, their interactions with macrophages and T cells, and their response to modulators in the immune microenvironment. We describe the experimental set up, illustrate results from 3D cultures and co-cultures of lung cancer cells with human macrophages, and outline strategies to address the heterogeneous TME.
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Choi HJ, Jhe YL, Kim J, Lim JY, Lee JE, Shin MK, Cheong JH. FoxM1-dependent and fatty acid oxidation-mediated ROS modulation is a cell-intrinsic drug resistance mechanism in cancer stem-like cells. Redox Biol. 2020;36:101589. [PMID: 32521504 PMCID: PMC7286985 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are inherently linked. ROS are essential signaling molecules, with detrimental effects when produced in excess during chemotherapy, leading to cell death. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells resistant to chemotherapy, highly invasive and metastagenic, driving malignant cancer behavior. In this study, we demonstrated that CSCs exhibit increased OXPHOS but paradoxically low ROS levels. Considering the detrimental effects of large amounts of ROS, CSCs have developed potential mechanisms for quenching excess ROS to maintain redox homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the distinct metabolic features and mechanisms of ROS regulation in gastric CSCs and explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs. Human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN1, were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and microarray analyses. Mitochondrial properties such as mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and ROS were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. CSCs with increased OXPHOS levels maintained low ROS levels by coupling FoxM1-dependent Prx3 expression and fatty acid oxidation-mediated NADPH regeneration. Thus, interventions targeting ROS homeostasis in CSCs may be a useful strategy for targeting this drug-resistant tumor cell subpopulation.
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Bryukhovetskiy I, Ponomarenko A, Lyakhova I, Zaitsev S, Zayats Y, Korneyko M, Eliseikina M, Mischenko P, Shevchenko V, Shanker Sharma H, Sharma A, Khotimchenko Y. Personalized regulation of glioblastoma cancer stem cells based on biomedical technologies: From theory to experiment (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:691-702. [PMID: 29749540 PMCID: PMC6034919 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors. GBM represents >50% of primary tumors of the nervous system and ~20% of intracranial neoplasms. Standard treatment involves surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, the prognosis of GBM is usually poor, with a median survival of 15 months. Resistance of GBM to treatment can be explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) among the GBM cell population. At present, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for the elimination of CSCs. The present review examined the nature of human GBM therapeutic resistance and attempted to systematize and put forward novel approaches for a personalized therapy of GBM that not only destroys tumor tissue, but also regulates cellular signaling and the morphogenetic properties of CSCs. The CSCs are considered to be an informationally accessible living system, and the CSC proteome should be used as a target for therapy directed at suppressing clonal selection mechanisms and CSC generation, destroying CSC hierarchy, and disrupting the interaction of CSCs with their microenvironment and extracellular matrix. These objectives can be achieved through the use of biomedical cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Lyakhova
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
| | - Sergey Zaitsev
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
| | - Yulia Zayats
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
| | - Maria Korneyko
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
| | - Marina Eliseikina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690059, Russia
| | | | | | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental CNS Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE‑75185, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental CNS Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE‑75185, Sweden
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De Francesco EM, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Cancer stem cells (CSCs): metabolic strategies for their identification and eradication. Biochem J. 2018;475:1611-1634. [PMID: 29743249 PMCID: PMC5941316 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is one of the most relevant features of cancer cells within different tumor types and is responsible for treatment failure. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a population of cells with stem cell-like properties that are considered to be the root cause of tumor heterogeneity, because of their ability to generate the full repertoire of cancer cell types. Moreover, CSCs have been invoked as the main drivers of metastatic dissemination and therapeutic resistance. As such, targeting CSCs may be a useful strategy to improve the effectiveness of classical anticancer therapies. Recently, metabolism has been considered as a relevant player in CSC biology, and indeed, oncogenic alterations trigger the metabolite-driven dissemination of CSCs. More interestingly, the action of metabolic pathways in CSC maintenance might not be merely a consequence of genomic alterations. Indeed, certain metabotypic phenotypes may play a causative role in maintaining the stem traits, acting as an orchestrator of stemness. Here, we review the current studies on the metabolic features of CSCs, focusing on the biochemical energy pathways involved in CSC maintenance and propagation. We provide a detailed overview of the plastic metabolic behavior of CSCs in response to microenvironment changes, genetic aberrations, and pharmacological stressors. In addition, we describe the potential of comprehensive metabolic approaches to identify and selectively eradicate CSCs, together with the possibility to 'force' CSCs within certain metabolic dependences, in order to effectively target such metabolic biochemical inflexibilities. Finally, we focus on targeting mitochondria to halt CSC dissemination and effectively eradicate cancer.
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Park KC, Kim SW, Jeon JY, Jo AR, Choi HJ, Kim J, Lee HG, Kim Y, Mills GB, Noh SH, Lee MG, Park ES, Cheong JH. Survival of Cancer Stem-Like Cells Under Metabolic Stress via CaMK2α-mediated Upregulation of Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1677-1690. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feng C, Zhang J, Li X, Ai B, Han J, Wang Q, Wei T, Xu Y, Li M, Li S, Song C, Li C. Subpathway-CorSP: Identification of metabolic subpathways via integrating expression correlations and topological features between metabolites and genes of interest within pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33262. [PMID: 27625019 PMCID: PMC5021946 DOI: 10.1038/srep33262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathway analysis is a popular strategy for comprehensively researching metabolites and genes of interest associated with specific diseases. However, the traditional pathway identification methods do not accurately consider the combined effect of these interesting molecules and neglects expression correlations or topological features embedded in the pathways. In this study, we propose a powerful method, Subpathway-CorSP, for identifying metabolic subpathway regions. This method improved on original pathway identification methods by using a subpathway identification strategy and emphasizing expression correlations between metabolites and genes of interest based on topological features within the metabolic pathways. We analyzed a prostate cancer data set and its metastatic sub-group data set with detailed comparison of Subpathway-CorSP with four traditional pathway identification methods. Subpathway-CorSP was able to identify multiple subpathway regions whose entire corresponding pathways were not detected by traditional pathway identification methods. Further evidences indicated that Subpathway-CorSP provided a robust and efficient way of reliably recalling cancer-related subpathways and locating novel subpathways by the combined effect of metabolites and genes. This was a novel subpathway strategy based on systematically considering expression correlations and topological features between metabolites and genes of interest within given pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Feng
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuecang Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bo Ai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081,China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- School of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Taiming Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shang Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081,China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
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Overbosch D, Stuiver PC, van der Kaay HJ, de Geus A. The treatment of malaria. A Dutch consensus. Arch Pharm Res. 1984;52:11-17. [PMID: 30771209 PMCID: PMC6399179 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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