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Barros ML, Barddal JEI, Santos JCQ, Negreiros RL, Rosa BM, Teixeira RC, Prada JRR, Gonçalves VSP, Ferreira Neto JS. Retrospective benefit-cost analysis of bovine brucellosis control in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2023; 218:105992. [PMID: 37598460 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
From 2001, due to the launching of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis, Brazil began a series of studies aimed at the epidemiological characterization of bovine brucellosis in its federative units. In the state of Mato Grosso, studies conducted in 2003 and 2014 showed a reduction in the prevalence of infected herds from 41.2 % to 24 % and in the prevalence of seropositive animals from 10.2 % to 5.1 %. These results stemmed from the efficient heifer vaccination program with S19 implemented by the state. From this scenario, the present study quantified and compared the benefits and costs of bovine brucellosis control in the state through a financial analysis. When considering private and public costs, the Net Present Value (NPV) was estimated at US$ 37.5 million, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was calculated at 31 %, and the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was 2.3. When considering only the private costs, the NPV was US$ 51.3 million, the IRR was 46 % and the BCR was 3.43, indicating that the cattle producer in Mato Grosso had a return of US$ 3.43 for each US$ 1.00 invested. Therefore, the bovine brucellosis control actions carried out in the state of Mato Grosso between 2003 and 2014 were highly advantageous from the economic point of view. The most rational way to continue decreasing bovine brucellosis prevalences at low cost in the state is to maintain the heifer vaccination program, using the RB51 vaccine in addition to S19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Luís Barros
- Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso (INDEA MT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Risia Lopes Negreiros
- Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso (INDEA MT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Barbara Medeiros Rosa
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carneiro Teixeira
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil; WOAH Collaborating Centre for Economics of Animal Heath in the Americas Region, USA
| | - José Soares Ferreira Neto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; WOAH Collaborating Centre for Economics of Animal Heath in the Americas Region, USA.
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Torgerson PR, Rüegg S, Devleesschauwer B, Abela-Ridder B, Havelaar AH, Shaw AP, Rushton J, Speybroeck N. zDALY: An adjusted indicator to estimate the burden of zoonotic diseases. One Health 2018; 5:40-45. [PMID: 29911164 PMCID: PMC6000816 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of human diseases in populations, or for an individual, is frequently estimated in terms of one of a number of Health Adjusted Life Years (HALYs). The Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a widely accepted HALY metric and is used by the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease studies. Many human diseases are of animal origin and often cause ill health and production losses in domestic animals. The economic losses due to disease in animals are usually estimated in monetary terms. The monetary impact on animal health is not compatible with HALY approaches used to measure the impact on human health. To estimate the societal burden of zoonotic diseases that have substantial human and animal disease burden we propose methodology which can be accommodated within the DALY framework. Monetary losses due to the animal disease component of a zoonotic disease can be converted to an equivalent metric using a local gross national income per capita deflator. This essentially gives animal production losses a time trade-off for human life years. This is the time required to earn the income needed to replace that financial loss. This can then be assigned a DALY equivalent, termed animal loss equivalents (ALE), and added to the DALY associated with human ill health to give a modified DALY. This is referred to as the "zDALY". ALEs could also be estimated using willingness-to-pay for animal health or survey tools to estimate the replacement time value for animals with high societal or emotional value (for example pets) that cannot be calculated directly using monetary worth. Thus the zDALY estimates the impact of a zoonotic disease to animal and human health. The losses due to the animal disease component of the modified DALY are straightforward to calculate. A number of worked examples such as echinococcosis, brucellosis, Q fever and cysticercosis from a diverse spectrum of countries with different levels of economic development illustrate the use of the zDALY indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Rüegg
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle aux champs, 30, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Abela-Ridder
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses (FOS), World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Arie H. Havelaar
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, Emerging Pathogens Institute and Animal Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra P.M. Shaw
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- A P Consultants, 22 Walworth Enterprise Centre, Duke Close, Andover SP10 5AP, UK
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle aux champs, 30, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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