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Passmore SR, Gerbitz A, Hancock GR, Evans L, Green-Harris G, Edwards DF, Jackson T, Thomas SB. "My Blood, You Know, My Biology Being out There…": Consent and Participant Control of Biological Samples. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2024; 19:3-15. [PMID: 38192107 PMCID: PMC10957312 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231222665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The widespread and persistent underrepresentation of groups experiencing health disparities in research involving biospecimens is a barrier to scientific knowledge and advances in health equity. To ensure that all groups have the opportunity to participate in research and feel welcome and safe doing so, we must understand how research studies may be shaped to promote inclusion. In this study, we explored the decision to participate in hypothetical research scenarios among African American adults (n = 169) that varied on the basis of four attributes (form of consent, reason for research, institutional affiliation and race of the researcher). Findings indicate that participants were largely willing to contribute to biobanks but significantly preferred opportunities where they had control over the use of their biological samples through tiered or study-specific forms of consent. Broad consent procedures, although common and perhaps preferred by participants with high trust in researchers, may amount to an exclusionary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Gerbitz
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gregory R. Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Laura Evans
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gina Green-Harris
- Center for Community Engagement and Health Partnerships, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Tyson Jackson
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephen B. Thomas
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Passmore SR, Longhurst C, Gerbitz A, Green-Harris G, Norris N, Edwards DF. "I Want to Know Everything ... ": The Return of Research Results and the Importance of Transparency in the Acceptability of Lumbar Punctures for African American Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:663-675. [PMID: 37574732 PMCID: PMC10637283 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although African Americans experience the highest risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), they are dramatically underrepresented in preclinical biomarker research. This is especially true for studies involving lumbar puncture as it may involve more perceived risk even for those participants who are otherwise supportive of research. OBJECTIVE To understand the unique concerns of African American participants regarding biomarker studies involving lumbar puncture who demonstrate support for AD research. METHODS Study participants were African American adults contacted through an AD research registry. We employed a novel method used to create hypothetical research studies varying on a set number of factors. The method is designed to collect potential patterns in decision making regarding research participation but differs from experimental vignette design in that the survey is administered with an accompanying qualitive interview to determine the meaning participants ascribe to factors independently and in conjunction with one another. RESULTS Sixty-one participants each reviewed three randomly selected research scenarios and created their "ideal" study involving lumbar puncture. Scenario variables included: disclosure of research results, racial and ethnic identity of the researcher, recruitment method, and amount of incentive. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that transparency in the return of AD research results to be the strongest driver of participation, followed by race of the researcher and amount of incentive. Recruitment method had limited impact on hypothetical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Racine Passmore
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abigail Gerbitz
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gina Green-Harris
- Center for Community Engagement and Health Partnerships, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nia Norris
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
Over the last few years, the use of dyadic research methods has expanded considerably. One area that has benefited from this type of research is the study of the family unit, particularly parent-adolescent dyads. Dyadic research allows investigators to assess relationship dynamics, processes, and congruences within a family unit, as well as the distinct experiences of each member of the dyad. However, like all emerging and expanding areas of human subjects research, parent-adolescent dyadic research faces several ethical challenges. Given the advantages of parent-adolescent dyadic research for examining family relational processes, this article addresses ethical challenges experienced by dyadic researchers that often temper interests in applying these approaches. Drawing on the scholarly literature and the authors' experiences conducting parent-adolescent dyadic research, we discuss heightened and unique ethical challenges that arise in this area of inquiry and provide recommendations on how to best navigate those issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemesha Gabbidon
- Assistant professor of psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Florida
| | - Tiffany Chenneville
- Professor of psychology and the Marie E. & E. Leslie Cole endowed chair in ethics in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Florida
| | - Wendy Rote
- Assistant professor of psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Florida
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Abstract
There are a disproportionate number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among Black and Latinx communities, a result of a history of structural racism and exploitation. An equity framework and approach are critical but have been lacking in the COVID-19 response, including vaccine dissemination. We provide an overview and application of remove, repair, remediate, restructure, and provide (R4P), an equity framework, in examining COVID-19 vaccine trial development and related interventions. R4P is an equity framework and tool that applies critical race theory, intersectional, and dimensionality in planning, assessment, and research for creating action to eliminate inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia Davis
- Equity Consultant and Maternal Child Health Advocate, Best4Baby, LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dara D. Mendez
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Passmore SR, Kisicki A, Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, Green-Harris G, Edwards DF. "There's not much we can do…" researcher-level barriers to the inclusion of underrepresented participants in translational research. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 6:e4. [PMID: 35154814 PMCID: PMC8807123 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lack of diversity in health research participation has serious consequences for science as well as ethics. While there is growing interest in solving the problem, much of the work to date focuses on attitudes of distrust among members of underrepresented communities. However, there is also a pressing need to understand existing barriers within the cultural and structural context of researchers and research staff. METHODS This study adopted a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design to allow for a focused examination of barriers to inclusive research recruitment among researchers and staff. Barriers first identified from an initial quantitative investigation (web-based survey; n = 279) were further explored through qualitative methods (key informant interviews; n = 26). Participants were investigators and research team members in both phases of the study. RESULTS The survey revealed a paradoxical disconnect between participants' reported belief in the abstract value of diversity in research participation (87.1% important/extremely important) and belief in it as an important goal in their own specific research (38.3% important/extremely important). Interviews reveal that researchers and staff perceive many barriers to the recruitment of members of underrepresented groups and hold a general view of diversity in research as an impractical, even unattainable, goal. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial that principal investigators not only understand the consequences of the continued exclusion of marginalized groups from research but also implement strategies to reverse this trend and communicate with research staff on the issue. While individual bias does play a role (ex: a priori assumptions about the willingness or ability of members of underrepresented groups to participate), these behaviors are part of a larger context of systemic racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Racine Passmore
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abby Kisicki
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Gina Green-Harris
- Center for Community Engagement and Health Partnerships, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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6
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Siddiqui W, Sharp RR. Beyond the Belmont Report. Am J Bioeth 2021; 21:1-4. [PMID: 34554060 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2021.1972649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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7
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Lewis DD, Cropp CD. The Impact of African Ancestry on Prostate Cancer Disparities in the Era of Precision Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1471. [PMID: 33302594 PMCID: PMC7762993 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African ancestry at nearly twice the rate of men of European ancestry despite the advancement of treatment strategies and prevention. In this review, we discuss the underlying causes of these disparities including genetics, environmental/behavioral, and social determinants of health while highlighting the implications and challenges that contribute to the stark underrepresentation of men of African ancestry in clinical trials and genetic research studies. Reducing prostate cancer disparities through the development of personalized medicine approaches based on genetics will require a holistic understanding of the complex interplay of non-genetic factors that disproportionately exacerbate the observed disparity between men of African and European ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyana D. Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Cheryl D. Cropp
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA;
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8
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Denny A, Streitz M, Stock K, Balls-Berry JE, Barnes LL, Byrd GS, Croff R, Gao S, Glover CM, Hendrie HC, Hu WT, Manly JJ, Moulder KL, Stark S, Thomas SB, Whitmer R, Wong R, Morris JC, Lingler JH. Perspective on the "African American participation in Alzheimer disease research: Effective strategies" workshop, 2018. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1734-1744. [PMID: 33034414 PMCID: PMC7887120 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Washington University School of Medicine Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center's "African American Participation in Alzheimer Disease Research: Effective Strategies" Workshop convened to address a major limitation of the ongoing scientific progress regarding Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): participants in most ADRD research programs overwhelmingly have been limited to non-Hispanic white persons, thus precluding knowledge as to how ADRD may be represented in non-white individuals. Factors that may contribute to successful recruitment and retention of African Americans into ADRD research were discussed and organized into actionable next steps as described within this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Denny
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marissa Streitz
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristin Stock
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joyce E Balls-Berry
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raina Croff
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Crystal M Glover
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hugh C Hendrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krista L Moulder
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan Stark
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen B Thomas
- Maryland Center for Health Equity, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Whitmer
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Roger Wong
- Public Health Sciences Brown School, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Harvey A & Dorismae Hacker Friedman Distinguished Professor of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer H Lingler
- School of Nursing and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Reyes-Menendez A, Saura JR, Thomas SB. Exploring key indicators of social identity in the #MeToo era: Using discourse analysis in UGC. International Journal of Information Management 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Lázaro-Muñoz G, Sabatello M, Huckins L, Peay H, Degenhardt F, Meiser B, Lencz T, Soda T, Docherty A, Crepaz-Keay D, Austin J, Peterson RE, Davis LK. International Society of Psychiatric Genetics Ethics Committee: Issues facing us. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:543-554. [PMID: 31124312 PMCID: PMC6861601 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric genetics research is improving our understanding of the biological underpinnings of neurodiversity and mental illness. Using psychiatric genetics in ways that maximize benefits and minimize harms to individuals and society depends largely on how the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of psychiatric genetics are managed. The International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) is the largest international organization dedicated to psychiatric genetics. Given its history, membership, and international reach, we believe the ISPG is well-equipped to contribute to the resolution of these ELSI challenges. As such, we recently created the ISPG Ethics Committee, an interdisciplinary group comprised of psychiatric genetics researchers, clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, mental health professionals, patients, patient advocates, bioethicists, and lawyers. This article highlights key ELSI challenges identified by the ISPG Ethics Committee to be of paramount importance for the ethical translation of psychiatric research into society in three contexts: research settings, clinical settings, and legal proceedings. For each of these arenas, we identify and discuss pressing psychiatric genetics ELSI dilemmas that merit attention and require action. The goal is to increase awareness about psychiatric genetics ELSI issues and encourage dialogue and action among stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Huckins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Holly Peay
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27709
| | | | - Bettina Meiser
- University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Todd Lencz
- Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA 11549
| | - Takahiro Soda
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
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11
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Passmore SR, Casper E, Olgin JE, Maguire C, Marcus GM, Pletcher MJ, Thomas SB. Setting and motivation in the decision to participate: An approach to the engagement of diverse samples in mobile research. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 16:100428. [PMID: 31463416 PMCID: PMC6706628 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet and mobile based research are powerful tools in the creation of large, cohort studies (eCohort). However, recent analysis indicates that an underrepresentation of minority and low income groups in these studies might exceed that found in traditional research [1-5]. In this report, we present findings from an experiment in research engagement using the Eureka Research Platform developed to enroll diverse populations in support of biomedical clinical research. This experiment involved the recruitment of African American and Latino participants in a smartphone based survey at a temporary, charitable, dental event sponsored, in part, by the research team, in order to explore the impact of setting and approach on recruitment outcomes. 211 participants enrolled including a significant representation of African Americans (51%) and Latinos (31%) and those with education levels at high school or less (37%). Interviews conducted after the study confirmed that our recruitment efforts within the context of a service event affected the decision to participate. While further research is necessary, this experiment holds promise for the engagement of underrepresented groups in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Racine Passmore
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erica Casper
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeffery E. Olgin
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carol Maguire
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M. Marcus
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark J. Pletcher
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B. Thomas
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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12
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Phiri M, Gooding K, Nyirenda D, Sambakunsi R, Kumwenda MK, Desmond N. "Not just dogs, but rabid dogs": tensions and conflicts amongst research volunteers in Malawi. Glob Bioeth 2018; 29:65-80. [PMID: 30202397 PMCID: PMC6127836 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2018.1509925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Building trust between researchers and communities involved in research is one goal of community engagement. This paper examines the implications of community engagement for trust within communities, including trust among community volunteers who assist with research and between these volunteers and other community members. We describe the experiences of two groups of community volunteers recruited as part of an HIV and TB intervention trial in Malawi: cluster representatives, recruited both to act as key informants for TB suspects and mortality reporting and to identify and report community concerns, and community counsellors, recruited to provide semi-supervised HIV self-testing. We examine tensions experienced due to playing multiple roles, and the implications of volunteer responsibilities for short- and long-term community relationships. Data was collected through a workshop, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with volunteers and community members. While the volunteer system initially enhanced trust among volunteers and with the community, relationships deteriorated when cluster representatives assumed an additional supervisory role part-way through the trial. Combined with challenging recruitment targets and unequal power relations between volunteers, this new role damaged trust, with implications for volunteer well-being and social relationships. These experiences suggest researchers should consider potential social implications when designing community engagement systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackwellings Phiri
- Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kate Gooding
- Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deborah Nyirenda
- Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rodrick Sambakunsi
- Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Nicola Desmond
- Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Butler J 3rd, Fryer CS, Ward E, Westaby K, Adams A, Esmond SL, Garza MA, Hogle JA, Scholl LM, Quinn SC, Thomas SB, Sorkness CA. The Health Equity Leadership Institute (HELI): Developing workforce capacity for health disparities research. J Clin Transl Sci 2017; 1:153-9. [PMID: 29082030 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efforts to address health disparities and achieve health equity are critically dependent on the development of a diverse research workforce. However, many researchers from underrepresented backgrounds face challenges in advancing their careers, securing independent funding, and finding the mentorship needed to expand their research. Methods Faculty from the University of Maryland at College Park and the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed and evaluated an intensive week-long research and career-development institute—the Health Equity Leadership Institute (HELI)—with the goal of increasing the number of underrepresented scholars who can sustain their ongoing commitment to health equity research. Results In 2010-2016, HELI brought 145 diverse scholars (78% from an underrepresented background; 81% female) together to engage with each other and learn from supportive faculty. Overall, scholar feedback was highly positive on all survey items, with average agreement ratings of 4.45-4.84 based on a 5-point Likert scale. Eighty-five percent of scholars remain in academic positions. In the first three cohorts, 73% of HELI participants have been promoted and 23% have secured independent federal funding. Conclusions HELI includes an evidence-based curriculum to develop a diverse workforce for health equity research. For those institutions interested in implementing such an institute to develop and support underrepresented early stage investigators, a resource toolbox is provided.
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14
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Goode RW, Styn MA, Mendez DD, Gary-Webb TL. African Americans in Standard Behavioral Treatment for Obesity, 2001-2015: What Have We Learned? West J Nurs Res 2017; 39:1045-1069. [PMID: 28322668 DOI: 10.1177/0193945917692115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
African Americans (AAs) bear a disproportionate burden of the obesity epidemic, yet have historically been underrepresented in weight loss research. We conducted a narrative review of large ( N > 75) randomized prospective clinical trials of standard behavioral treatment for weight loss that reported results in the past 15 years (2001-2015) to (a) determine the rates of inclusion and reported results for AAs and (b) further identify strategies that may result in improved outcomes. Of the 23 trials reviewed, 69.6% of the studies met or exceeded population estimates for AAs in the United States. However, only 10 reported outcomes and/or considered race in the analytic approach. At 6 months, AA participants consistently lost less weight than White participants. The use of culturally tailored intervention materials and monthly personal telephone calls were reported as factors that may have enhanced treatment response. Future behavioral weight loss trials should also increase reporting of outcomes by race.
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15
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Goodman MS, Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson CA, Gennarelli R, Drake BF, Bajwa P, Witherspoon M, Bowen D. EVALUATING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN RESEARCH: QUANTITATIVE MEASURE DEVELOPMENT. J Community Psychol 2017; 45:17-32. [PMID: 29302128 PMCID: PMC5749252 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of community engagement in research has been previously established, there are few evidence-based approaches for measuring the level of community engagement in research projects. A quantitative community engagement measure was developed, aligned with 11 engagement principles (EPs) previously established in the literature. The measure has 96 Likert response items; 3-5 quality items and 3-5 quantity items measure each EP. Cronbach's alpha is used to examine the internal consistency of items that measure a single EP. Every EP item group had a Cronbach's alpha > .85, which indicates strong internal consistency for all question groups across both scales (quality and quantity). This information determines the level of community engagement, which can be correlated with other research outcomes.
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16
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Wexler L, Chandler M, Gone JP, Cwik M, Kirmayer LJ, LaFromboise T, Brockie T, O'Keefe V, Walkup J, Allen J. Advancing suicide prevention research with rural American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:891-9. [PMID: 25790403 PMCID: PMC4386511 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
As part of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention's American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Task Force, a multidisciplinary group of AI/AN suicide research experts convened to outline pressing issues related to this subfield of suicidology. Suicide disproportionately affects Indigenous peoples, and remote Indigenous communities can offer vital and unique insights with relevance to other rural and marginalized groups. Outcomes from this meeting include identifying the central challenges impeding progress in this subfield and a description of promising research directions to yield practical results. These proposed directions expand the alliance's prioritized research agenda and offer pathways to advance the field of suicide research in Indigenous communities and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wexler
- Lisa Wexler is with the Department of Health Promotion and Policy, Community Health Education, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Michael Chandler is with the Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Joseph P. Gone is with the Departments of Psychology and American Culture, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Mary Cwik is with the Division of Social and Behavioral Interventions, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Laurence J. Kirmayer is with the Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Teresa LaFromboise is with the Stanford Graduate School of Education, CA. Teresa Brockie is with the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Nursing Research and Translational Science, Bethesda, MD. Victoria O'Keefe (Seminole/Cherokee), is a Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Clinical Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. John Walkup is with the Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY. James Allen is with the Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus
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Brewer LC, Hayes SN, Parker MW, Balls-Berry JE, Halyard MY, Pinn VW, Radecki Breitkopf C. African American women's perceptions and attitudes regarding participation in medical research: the Mayo Clinic/The Links, Incorporated partnership. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 23:681-7. [PMID: 25046058 PMCID: PMC4129970 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine perceptions and attitudes toward health-related research participation among professional African American women. METHODS Participants were members of an African American women's service organization, The Links, Incorporated. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires at The Links, Incorporated 2012 National Assembly. Sociodemographics, prior research experience, intention to participate (ITP), willingness to participate (WTP) in a variety of research studies and attitudes about research participation were measured. RESULTS A total of 381 surveys were analyzed. A majority of respondents were married (66%), employed (69%), and college educated (96%). Median age was 59; 38% reported prior research participation. Overall, 78% agreed with the statement, "Participation in research will mean better care," 24% agreed "Participation in research is risky" and 3% agreed "Scientists cannot be trusted." Fifty-two percent agreed with the statement, "Research conducted in the U.S. is ethical." Mean ITP in research was 4.9±1.7 on a rating scale of 1 ("definitely no") to 7 ("definitely yes"). WTP was highest for an interview study and providing a blood sample, and lowest for clinical trial and medical record review. CONCLUSION Attitudes toward research participation were generally favorable among professional African American women; many expressed WTP in a variety of research study types.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaPrincess C. Brewer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sharonne N. Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Monica W. Parker
- Division of Geriatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- The Links, Incorporated, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joyce E. Balls-Berry
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michele Y. Halyard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
- The Links, Incorporated, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vivian W. Pinn
- The Links, Incorporated, Washington, District of Columbia
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