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Passmore SR, Gerbitz A, Hancock GR, Evans L, Green-Harris G, Edwards DF, Jackson T, Thomas SB. "My Blood, You Know, My Biology Being out There…": Consent and Participant Control of Biological Samples. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2024; 19:3-15. [PMID: 38192107 PMCID: PMC10957312 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231222665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The widespread and persistent underrepresentation of groups experiencing health disparities in research involving biospecimens is a barrier to scientific knowledge and advances in health equity. To ensure that all groups have the opportunity to participate in research and feel welcome and safe doing so, we must understand how research studies may be shaped to promote inclusion. In this study, we explored the decision to participate in hypothetical research scenarios among African American adults (n = 169) that varied on the basis of four attributes (form of consent, reason for research, institutional affiliation and race of the researcher). Findings indicate that participants were largely willing to contribute to biobanks but significantly preferred opportunities where they had control over the use of their biological samples through tiered or study-specific forms of consent. Broad consent procedures, although common and perhaps preferred by participants with high trust in researchers, may amount to an exclusionary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Gerbitz
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gregory R. Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, College of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Laura Evans
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gina Green-Harris
- Center for Community Engagement and Health Partnerships, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Tyson Jackson
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephen B. Thomas
- Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Passmore SR, Longhurst C, Gerbitz A, Green-Harris G, Norris N, Edwards DF. "I Want to Know Everything ... ": The Return of Research Results and the Importance of Transparency in the Acceptability of Lumbar Punctures for African American Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:663-675. [PMID: 37574732 PMCID: PMC10637283 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although African Americans experience the highest risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), they are dramatically underrepresented in preclinical biomarker research. This is especially true for studies involving lumbar puncture as it may involve more perceived risk even for those participants who are otherwise supportive of research. OBJECTIVE To understand the unique concerns of African American participants regarding biomarker studies involving lumbar puncture who demonstrate support for AD research. METHODS Study participants were African American adults contacted through an AD research registry. We employed a novel method used to create hypothetical research studies varying on a set number of factors. The method is designed to collect potential patterns in decision making regarding research participation but differs from experimental vignette design in that the survey is administered with an accompanying qualitive interview to determine the meaning participants ascribe to factors independently and in conjunction with one another. RESULTS Sixty-one participants each reviewed three randomly selected research scenarios and created their "ideal" study involving lumbar puncture. Scenario variables included: disclosure of research results, racial and ethnic identity of the researcher, recruitment method, and amount of incentive. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that transparency in the return of AD research results to be the strongest driver of participation, followed by race of the researcher and amount of incentive. Recruitment method had limited impact on hypothetical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Racine Passmore
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abigail Gerbitz
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gina Green-Harris
- Center for Community Engagement and Health Partnerships, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nia Norris
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Ritter J, Seitz V, Balzer H, Gary R, Lenze D, Moi S, Pasemann S, Seegebarth A, Wurdack M, Hennig S, Gerbitz A, Hummel M. Donor CD4 T Cell Diversity Determines Virus Reactivation in Patients After HLA-Matched Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2170-9. [PMID: 25873100 PMCID: PMC4654256 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Delayed reconstitution of the T cell compartment in recipients of allogeneic stem cell grafts is associated with an increase of reactivation of latent viruses. Thereby, the transplanted T cell repertoire appears to be one of the factors that affect T cell reconstitution. Therefore, we studied the T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) gene rearrangements of flow cytometry-sorted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from the peripheral blood of 23 allogeneic donors before G-CSF administration and on the day of apheresis. For this purpose, TCRβ rearrangements were amplified by multiplex PCR followed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Overall, CD4(+) T cells displayed a significantly higher TCRβ diversity compared to CD8(+) T cells irrespective of G-CSF administration. In line, no significant impact of G-CSF treatment on the TCR Vβ repertoire usage was found. However, correlation of the donor T cell repertoire with clinical outcomes of the recipient revealed that a higher CD4(+) TCRβ diversity after G-CSF treatment is associated with lower reactivation of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. By contrast, no protecting correlation was observed for CD8(+) T cells. In essence, our deep TCRβ analysis identifies the importance of the CD4(+) T cell compartment for the control of latent viruses after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ritter
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlin, Germany
| | - V Seitz
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlin, Germany,HS Diagnomics GmbHBerlin, Germany
| | - H Balzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of ErlangenErlangen, Germany
| | - R Gary
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of ErlangenErlangen, Germany
| | - D Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlin, Germany
| | - S Moi
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of ErlangenErlangen, Germany
| | - S Pasemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of ErlangenErlangen, Germany
| | - A Seegebarth
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlin, Germany
| | - M Wurdack
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of ErlangenErlangen, Germany
| | - S Hennig
- HS Diagnomics GmbHBerlin, Germany
| | - A Gerbitz
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology/Oncology, University of ErlangenErlangen, Germany
| | - M Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlin, Germany,*Corresponding author: Michael Hummel,
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4
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Ewing P, Wilke A, Eissner G, Holler E, Andreesen R, Gerbitz A. Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Endothelial Cells from Irradiation-Induced Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 12:113-9. [PMID: 16291514 DOI: 10.1080/10623320500189814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A common side effect of therapeutic use of ionizing irradiation is endothelial cell damage resulting in a variety of clinical complications. Thus, preservation of endothelial function after irradiation could potentially limit toxicity. Using the murine endothelioma cell line bEnd2 we show here that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by cobalt protoporphyrine IX (CoPP) inhibits irradiation-induced apoptosis. In contrast, HO-1 induction by tin protoporphyrine IX (SnPP), a HO-1 inhibitor, does not affect survival after irradiation. The protective effects of CoPP could be partially reversed by blockade of HO-1 function with SnPP after induction by CoPP. Vice versa, blockade of HO-1 function by SnPP was reversible using CoPP. Treatment with CoPP inhibited cytochrome c release induced by irradiation. These results demonstrate that HO-1 induction and activation prior to irradiation inhibits endothelial apoptosis and might be used for possible cell protection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ewing
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Cooke KR, Gerbitz A, Crawford JM, Teshima T, Hill GR, Tesolin A, Rossignol DP, Ferrara JL. LPS antagonism reduces graft-versus-host disease and preserves graft-versus-leukemia activity after experimental bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Invest 2001; 107:1581-9. [PMID: 11413166 PMCID: PMC200193 DOI: 10.1172/jci12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and leukemic relapse remain the two major obstacles to successful outcomes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recent studies have demonstrated that the loss of gastrointestinal tract integrity, and specifically the translocation of LPS into the systemic circulation, is critical to the induction of cytokine dysregulation that contributes to GVHD. Using a mouse BMT model, we studied the effects of direct LPS antagonism on GVHD severity and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity. Administration of B975, a synthetic lipid-A analogue from day 0 to day +6, reduced serum TNF-alpha levels, decreased intestinal histopathology, and resulted in significantly improved survival and a reduction in clinical GVHD, compared with control-treated animals. Importantly, B975 had no effect on donor T cell responses to host antigens in vivo or in vitro. When mice received lethal doses of P815 tumor cells at the time of BMT, administration of B975 did not impair GVL activity and resulted in significantly improved leukemia-free survival. These findings reveal a critical role for LPS in the early inflammatory events contributing to GVHD and suggest that a new class of pharmacologic agents, LPS antagonists, may help to prevent GVHD while preserving T cell responses to host antigens and GVL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Cooke
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0942, USA.
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6
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Padovan CS, Gerbitz A, Sostak P, Holler E, Ferrara JL, Bise K, Straube A. Cerebral involvement in graft-versus-host disease after murine bone marrow transplantation. Neurology 2001; 56:1106-8. [PMID: 11320189 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.56.8.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurologic manifestation of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has until now been limited to rare neuromuscular syndromes. Investigating cerebral findings using a murine BMT model, the authors found parenchymal lymphocytic inflammation, microglia activation, and mild cerebral angiitis-like changes in allogeneic transplanted animals but not in syngeneic controls. These findings suggest that cerebral involvement during GvHD may be a new neurologic complication after BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Padovan
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Cooke KR, Hill GR, Gerbitz A, Kobzik L, Martin TR, Crawford JM, Brewer JP, Ferrara JL. Hyporesponsiveness of donor cells to lipopolysaccharide stimulation reduces the severity of experimental idiopathic pneumonia syndrome: potential role for a gut-lung axis of inflammation. J Immunol 2000; 165:6612-9. [PMID: 11086106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We have shown that experimental IPS is associated with increased levels of LPS and TNF-alpha in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We hypothesized that the deleterious effects of these inflammatory mediators in the lung may be linked to gut injury that develops after BMT. To test this hypothesis, we used mouse strains that differ in their sensitivity to LPS as donors in an experimental BMT model. Lethally irradiated C3FeB6F(1) hosts received BMT from either LPS-sensitive or LPS-resistant donors. Five weeks after BMT, LPS-resistant BMT recipients had significantly less lung injury compared with recipients of LPS-sensitive BMT. This effect was associated with reductions in TNF-alpha secretion (both in vitro and in vivo), BAL fluid LPS levels, and intestinal injury. The relationship between TNF-alpha, gut toxicity, and lung injury was examined further by direct cytokine blockade in vivo; systemic neutralization of TNF-alpha resulted in a significant reduction in gut histopathology, BAL fluid LPS levels, and pulmonary dysfunction compared with control-treated animals. We conclude that donor resistance to endotoxin reduces IPS in this model by decreasing the translocation of LPS across the intestinal border and systemic and pulmonary TNF-alpha production. These data demonstrate a potential etiologic link between gut and lung damage after BMT and suggest that methods that reduce inflammatory responses to LPS, and specifically, those that protect the integrity of the gut mucosa, may be effective in reducing IPS after BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Cooke
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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8
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Kovalchuk AL, Qi CF, Torrey TA, Taddesse-Heath L, Feigenbaum L, Park SS, Gerbitz A, Klobeck G, Hoertnagel K, Polack A, Bornkamm GW, Janz S, Morse HC. Burkitt lymphoma in the mouse. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1183-90. [PMID: 11034608 PMCID: PMC2195876 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.8.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations juxtaposing the MYC protooncogene with regulatory sequences of immunoglobulin (Ig) H chain or kappa (Ig kappa) or lambda (Ig lambda) L chain genes and effecting deregulated expression of MYC are the hallmarks of human Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Here we report that lymphomas with striking similarities to BL develop in mice bearing a mutated human MYC gene controlled by a reconstructed Ig lambda locus encompassing all the elements required for establishment of locus control in vitro. Diffusely infiltrating lymphomas with a typical starry sky appearance occurred in multiple founders and an established line, indicating independence from positional effects. Monoclonal IgM(+)CD5(-)CD23(-) tumors developed from an initially polyclonal population of B cells. These results demonstrate that the phenotype of B lineage lymphomas induced by MYC dysregulation is highly dependent on cooperativity among the regulatory elements that govern expression of the protooncogene and provide a new system for studying the pathogenesis of BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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9
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Cooke KR, Hill GR, Gerbitz A, Kobzik L, Martin TR, Crawford JM, Brewer JP, Ferrara JL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization reduces lung injury after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 2000; 70:272-9. [PMID: 10933148 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200007270-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a frequent and potentially fatal complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We have previously shown that experimental IPS is associated with increased levels of lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and that administration of LPS to animals with extensive graft versus host exacerbated underlying lung injury (Blood 1996; 88: 3230). METHODS Lethally irradiated CBA mice received BMT from allogeneic (B10.BR) or syngeneic (CBA) donors. The role of TNFalpha in the exacerbation of pulmonary toxicity caused by LPS injection and in the evolution of IPS after allogeneic BMT was examined by neutralizing TNFalpha after BMT using a soluble binding protein (rhTNFR:Fc). RESULTS Five weeks after BMT, administration of rhTNFR:Fc dramatically reduced mortality and prevented the exacerbation of lung injury caused by LPS administration. This protective effect was associated with preservation of pulmonary function and with marked reductions of cells, neutrophils, and LPS in the BAL fluid of treated animals. TNFalpha neutralization from week 4 to 6 after allogeneic BMT effectively halted the progression of systemic GVHD and significantly reduced, but did not prevent lung injury that developed during the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TNFalpha is central to early LPS induced toxicity in this model and is a significant, but not the exclusive contributor to the development of IPS after allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Cooke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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10
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Reddy V, Hill GR, Pan L, Gerbitz A, Teshima T, Brinson Y, Ferrara JL. G-CSF modulates cytokine profile of dendritic cells and decreases acute graft-versus-host disease through effects on the donor rather than the recipient. Transplantation 2000; 69:691-3. [PMID: 10708136 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200002270-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is increasingly used instead of bone marrow transplantation, particularly in HLA identical sibling pairs. Despite the presence of significantly increased numbers of T cells in the PBSC graft, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is not increased. We have investigated whether granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration to PBSCT recipients, both with and without donor G-CSF pretreatment, further modulates acute GVHD in a murine model of PBSCT. Recipients of G-CSF mobilized splenocytes showed a significantly improved survival (P<0.001) and a reduction in GVHD score and serum LPS levels compared with control recipients. G-CSF treatment of donors, rather than recipients, had the most significant effect on reducing levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) 7 days after transplantation. As a potential mechanism of the reduction in TNFalpha, we demonstrate G-CSF decreased dendritic cells TNFalpha, and interleukin-12 production to lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, G-CSF modulates GVHD predominantly by its effects on donor cells, reducing the production of TNFalpha. G-CSF treatment of bone marrow transplantation recipients, without pretreatment of the donor, does not have an impact on acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Reddy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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11
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Hill GR, Teshima T, Gerbitz A, Pan L, Cooke KR, Brinson YS, Crawford JM, Ferrara JL. Differential roles of IL-1 and TNF-alpha on graft-versus-host disease and graft versus leukemia. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:459-67. [PMID: 10449438 PMCID: PMC408528 DOI: 10.1172/jci6896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an increase in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after experimental bone marrow transplant (BMT) when cyclophosphamide (Cy) is added to an otherwise well-tolerated dose (900 cGy) of total body irradiation (TBI). Donor T cell expansion on day +13 was increased after conditioning with Cy/TBI compared with Cy or TBI alone, although cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function was not altered. Histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract demonstrated synergistic damage by Cy/TBI and allogeneic donor cells, which permitted increased translocation of LPS into the systemic circulation. TNF-alpha and IL-1 production in response to LPS was increased in BMT recipients after Cy/TBI conditioning. Neutralization of IL-1 significantly reduced serum LPS levels and GVHD mortality, but it did not affect donor CTL activity. By contrast, neutralization of TNF-alpha did not prevent GVHD mortality but did impair CTL activity after BMT. When P815 leukemia cells were added to the bone marrow inoculum, allogeneic BMT recipients given the TNF-alpha inhibitor relapsed at a significantly faster rate than those given the IL-1 inhibitor. To confirm that the role of TNF-alpha in graft versus leukemia (GVL) was due to effects on donor T cells, cohorts of animals were transplanted with T cells from either wild-type mice or p55 TNF-alpha receptor-deficient mice. Recipients of TNF-alpha p55 receptor-deficient T cells demonstrated a significant impairment in donor CTL activity after BMT and an increased rate of leukemic relapse compared with recipients of wild-type T cells. These data highlight the importance of conditioning in GVHD pathophysiology, and demonstrate that TNF-alpha is critical to GVL mediated by donor T cells, whereas IL-1 is not.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Digestive System/injuries
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Graft vs Host Reaction/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Reaction/immunology
- Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Hill
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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12
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Gerbitz A, Mautner J, Geltinger C, Hörtnagel K, Christoph B, Asenbauer H, Klobeck G, Polack A, Bornkamm GW. Deregulation of the proto-oncogene c-myc through t(8;22) translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma. Oncogene 1999; 18:1745-53. [PMID: 10208435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells the proto-oncogene c-myc is juxtaposed to one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci on chromosomes 2, 14, or 22. The c-myc gene becomes transcriptionally activated as a consequence of the chromosomal translocation and shows preferential usage of promoter P1 over P2, a phenomenon referred to as promoter shift. In order to define the responsible regulatory elements within the Ig lambda locus, we studied the effect of the human Ig lambda enhancer (HuE lambda) on c-myc expression after stable transfection into BL cells. A 12 kb genomic fragment encompassing HuE lambda, but not HuE lambda alone, strongly activated c-myc expression and induced the promoter shift. To identify additional elements involved in c-myc deregulation, we mapped DNaseI hypersensitive sites within the 12 kb lambda fragment on the construct. Besides one hypersensitive site corresponding to HuE lambda, three additional sites were detected. Two of these elements displayed enhancer activity after transient transfection. The third element did not activate c-myc transcription, but was required for full c-myc activation and promoter shift. Deletion analyses of the c-myc promoter identified the immediate promoter region as sufficient for activation by the Ig lambda. locus, but also revealed that induction of the promoter shift requires additional upstream elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gerbitz
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Pediatric Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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13
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Lindner H, Holler E, Gerbitz A, Johnson JP, Bornkamm GW, Eissner G. Influence of bacterial endotoxin on radiation-induced activation of human endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo: interleukin-10 protects against transendothelial migration. Transplantation 1997; 64:1370-3. [PMID: 9371683 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199711150-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To extend previous studies on the anti-inflammatory role of interleukin (IL)-10 in vivo, mice pretreated with IL-10 were subjected to ionizing radiation (IR), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both and assessed for the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in immunohistochemical analyses. IL-10 was able to almost fully protect LPS+IR-treated animals against ICAM-1 up-regulation. Because LPS and IR also increased adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, transendothelial migration assays were performed to investigate the functional significance of these findings. IR was found to induce transendothelial migration, and this effect could be enhanced by cotreatment with LPS, in the same fashion as peripheral blood mononuclear cell adhesion. Also in this system, IL-10 proved to act as a potent LPS antagonist. Finally, in vivo immunohistochemical analyses revealed an infiltration of CD3+ T lymphocytes into organs that were the target of transplant-related complications after LPS+IR treatment. This infiltration could also be completely reversed by IL-10 pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lindner
- GSF-Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Munich, Germany
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