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Deuschle M, Hendlmeier F, Witt S, Rietschel M, Gilles M, Sánchez-Guijo A, Fañanas L, Hentze S, Wudy SA, Hellweg R. Cortisol, cortisone, and BDNF in amniotic fluid in the second trimester of pregnancy: Effect of early life and current maternal stress and socioeconomic status. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:971-80. [PMID: 29576035 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579418000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal environment shapes the offspring's phenotype; moreover, transgenerational stress and stress during pregnancy may play a role. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoids influence neurodevelopment during pregnancy, and there is evidence that BDNF in amniotic fluid is mainly of fetal origin, while the source of glucocorticoids is maternal. We tested the hypothesis that maternal early life stress, psychiatric diagnoses, anxiety, perceived stress, and socioeconomic status influence BDNF and glucocorticoid concentrations in amniotic fluid in the second trimester. We studied 79 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the early second trimester and analyzed BDNF, cortisol, and cortisone concentrations in amniotic fluid. The endocrine data were related to maternal early life adversities (Childhood Trauma Questionaire), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety, socioeconomic status (family income), and the presence of psychiatric diseases. We found BDNF in amniotic fluid to be positively related to maternal early adversity (Childhood Trauma Questionaire). Low family income (socioeconomic status) was related to high amniotic fluid glucocorticoid concentrations. Neither glucocorticoid concentrations nor hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD2) activity could be related to BDNF concentrations in amniotic fluid. Early maternal adverse events may be reflected in the fetal BDNF regulation, and it should be tested whether this relates to differences in neurodevelopment.
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Nakakura T, Suzuki T, Horiguchi K, Fujiwara K, Tsukada T, Asano-Hoshino A, Tanaka H, Arisawa K, Nishijima Y, Nekooki-Machida Y, Kiuchi Y, Hagiwara H. Expression and localization of forkhead box protein FOXJ1 in S100β-positive multiciliated cells of the rat pituitary. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 50:59-67. [PMID: 27660208 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
S100β-positive cells exist in the marginal cell layer (MCL) of the adenohypophysis and follicle structure in the parenchyma of anterior lobe (ALFS) in pituitary. They have multiple functions as phagocytes or cells that regulate hormone secretion. Majority of S100β-positive cells in the adenohypophysis express sex determining region Y-box 2 protein (SOX2), a stem cell marker; therefore, S100β/SOX2 double positive cells are also considered as one type of stem/progenitor cells. MCL and ALFS are consisting of morphologically two types of cells, i.e., multiciliated cells and non-ciliated cells. However, the relationship between the S100β-positive cells and multiciliated cells in the pituitary is largely unknown. In the present study, we first immunohistochemically verified the feature of multiciliated cells in MCL and ALFS. We then examined the expression patterns of FOXJ1, an essential expression factor for multiciliated cell-differentiation, and SOX2 in the S100β-positive multiciliated cells by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We identified anew the S100β/SOX2/FOXJ1 triple positive multiciliated cells, and revealed that they were dispersed throughout the MCL and ALFS. These results indicate that the MCL and ALFS are consisting of morphologically and functionally distinct two types of cells, i.e., S100β/SOX2 double positive non-ciliated cells and S100β/SOX2/FOXJ1 triple positive multiciliated cells.
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Nakakura T, Suzuki T, Nemoto T, Tanaka H, Asano-hoshino A, Arisawa K, Nishijima Y, Kiuchi Y, Hagiwara H. Intracellular localization of α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 in rat ciliated cells. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:133-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-015-0132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nowacka MM, Paul-Samojedny M, Bielecka AM, Plewka D, Czekaj P, Obuchowicz E. LPS reduces BDNF and VEGF expression in the structures of the HPA axis of chronic social stressed female rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 54:17-27. [PMID: 26396035 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Nowacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna M Bielecka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Plewka
- Department of Cytophysiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Nakakura T, Asano-Hoshino A, Suzuki T, Arisawa K, Tanaka H, Sekino Y, Kiuchi Y, Kawai K, Hagiwara H. The elongation of primary cilia via the acetylation of α-tubulin by the treatment with lithium chloride in human fibroblast KD cells. Med Mol Morphol 2015; 48:44-53. [PMID: 24760594 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-014-0076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilium, an organelle found on nearly every cell in the human body, typically serves as the mechanical sensor of the cell. Lithium ion is known to promote the elongation of primary cilia in a variety of cell types, but it is unknown whether lithium is involved in the acetylation of α-tubulin which is essential for the assembly of primary cilia. In order to reveal the relationship between the elongation of primary cilia with lithium and the acetylation of α-tubulin, we first observed the formation and structure of primary cilia in KD cells, a cell line deriving fibroblasts in human labium. Subsequently, by immunohistochemical and western blot analysis we elucidated that the length of primary cilia and acetylation of α-tubulin are regulated by lithium chloride (LiCl) in the medium in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We next performed the RT-PCR, RNAi-based experiments and biochemical study using an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3βGSK-3β). We found that LiCl mobilizes the α-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1 (αTAT1) in the signaling pathway mediating GSK-3β and adenylate cyclase III. In conclusion, our results suggested that LiCl treatments activate αTAT1 by the inhibition of GSK-3β and promote the α-tubulin acetylation, and then elongate the primary cilia.
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Tanaka S, Nakakura T, Jansen EJR, Unno K, Okada R, Suzuki M, Martens GJM, Kikuyama S. Angiogenesis in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland alters its structure and function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 185:10-8. [PMID: 23376532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pars distalis (PD) and the pars intermedia (PI) have the same embryonic origin, but their morphological and functional characteristics diverge during development. The PD is highly vascularized, whereas the highly innervated PI is essentially non-vascularized. Based on our previous finding that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is involved in vascularization of the rat PD, attempt was made to generate transgenic Xenopus expressing VEGF-A specifically in the melanotrope cells of the PI as a model system for studying the significance of vascularization or avascularization for the functional differentiation of the pituitary. The PI of the transgenic frogs, examined after metamorphosis, were distinctly vascularized but poorly innervated. The experimentally induced vascularization in the PI resulted in a marked increase in tissue volume and a decrease in the expression of both alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and prohormone convertase 2, a cleavage enzyme essential for generating α-MSH. The transgenic animals had low plasma α-MSH concentrations and displayed incomplete adaptation to a black background. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that experimentally induced angiogenesis in the PI may bring about functional as well as structural alterations in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyasu Tanaka
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Nakakura T, Mogi C, Tobo M, Tomura H, Sato K, Kobayashi M, Ohnishi H, Tanaka S, Wayama M, Sugiyama T, Kitamura T, Harada A, Okajima F. Deficiency of proton-sensing ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4171-80. [PMID: 22733973 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) has been shown as a receptor for protons. In the present study, we aimed to know whether OGR1 plays a role in insulin secretion and, if so, the manner in which it does. To this end, we created OGR1-deficient mice and examined insulin secretion activity in vivo and in vitro. OGR1 deficiency reduced insulin secretion induced by glucose administered ip, although it was not associated with glucose intolerance in vivo. Increased insulin sensitivity and reduced plasma glucagon level may explain, in part, the unusual normal glucose tolerance. In vitro islet experiments revealed that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was dependent on extracellular pH and sensitive to OGR1; insulin secretion at pH 7.4 to 7.0, but not 8.0, was significantly suppressed by OGR1 deficiency and inhibition of G(q/11) proteins. Insulin secretion induced by KCl and tolbutamide was also significantly inhibited, whereas that induced by several insulin secretagogues, including vasopressin, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, and forskolin, was not suppressed by OGR1 deficiency. The inhibition of insulin secretion was associated with the reduction of glucose-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. In conclusion, the OGR1/G(q/11) protein pathway is activated by extracellular protons existing under the physiological extracellular pH of 7.4 and further stimulated by acidification, resulting in the enhancement of insulin secretion in response to high glucose concentrations and KCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakakura
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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Jenks BG, Kuribara M, Kidane AH, Kramer BMR, Roubos EW, Scheenen WJJM. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the regulation of cell growth and gene expression in melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 177:315-21. [PMID: 22248443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is, despite its name, also found outside the central nervous system (CNS), but the functional significance of this observation is largely unknown. This review concerns the expression of BDNF in the pituitary gland. While the presence of the neurotrophin in the mammalian pituitary gland is well documented its functional significance remains obscure. Studies on the pars intermedia of the pituitary of the amphibian Xenopus laevis have shown that BDNF is produced by the neuroendocrine melanotrope cells, its expression is physiologically regulated, and the melanotrope cells themselves express receptors for the neurotrophin. The neurotrophin has been shown to act as an autocrine factor on the melanotrope to promote cell growth and regulate gene expression. In doing so BDNF supports the physiological function of the cell to produce and release α-melanophore-stimulating hormone for the purpose of adjusting the animal's skin color to that of its background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Jenks
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Jenks BG, Galas L, Kuribara M, Desrues L, Kidane AH, Vaudry H, Scheenen WJJM, Roubos EW, Tonon MC. Analysis of the melanotrope cell neuroendocrine interface in two amphibian species, Rana ridibunda and Xenopus laevis: a celebration of 35 years of collaborative research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:57-67. [PMID: 20888821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of the functioning of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neuroendocrine interface in the pituitary neurointermediate lobe, as it relates to melanotrope cell function in two amphibian species, Rana ridibunda and Xenopus laevis. It primarily but not exclusively concerns the work of two collaborating laboratories, the Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology (University of Rouen, France) and the Department of Cellular Animal Physiology (Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands). In the course of this review it will become apparent that Rana and Xenopus have, for the most part, developed the same or similar strategies to regulate the release of α-melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The review concludes by highlighting the molecular and cellular mechanisms utilized by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to activate Rana melanotrope cells and the function of autocrine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the regulation of Xenopus melanotrope cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Jenks
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Kuribara M, Hess MW, Cazorla M, Roubos EW, Scheenen WJJM, Jenks BG. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates growth of pituitary melanotrope cells in an autocrine way. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:156-61. [PMID: 20888824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in the mammalian pituitary gland, in both the anterior and intermediate lobes, where its functional significance is unknown. Melanotrope cells in the intermediate pituitary lobe of the amphibian Xenopus laevis also produce BDNF, which co-exists in secretory granules with α-melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide that causes pigment dispersion in dermal melanophores during adaptation of the toad to a dark background. Xenopus melanotropes are highly plastic, undergoing very strong growth to support the high biosynthesis and release of α-MSH in black-adapted animals. In this study we have tested our hypothesis that this enhanced growth of the melanotrope is maintained by autocrine release of BDNF. Furthermore, since the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is a major component of BDNF signaling in neuronal plasticity, we investigated its involvement in melanotrope cell growth. For these purposes melanotropes were treated for 3 days in vitro, with either an anti-BDNF serum or a recombinant tropomyosin-receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor fragment to eliminate released BDNF, or with the ERK inhibitor U0126. We also applied a novel inhibitor of the TrkB receptor, cyclotraxin-B, to test this receptor's involvement in melanotrope cell growth regulation. All treatments markedly reduced melanotrope cell growth. Therefore, we conclude that autocrine release of BDNF and subsequent TrkB-dependent ERK-mediated signaling is important for melanotrope cell growth during its physiologically induced activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kuribara
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nakakura T, Soda A, Unno K, Suzuki M, Tanaka S. Expression of IGFBP7 mRNA in corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary of adrenalectomized rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:969-78. [PMID: 20644209 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.956789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of corticotrophs increases in the anterior pituitary (AP) gland in adrenalectomized (AdX) rats. In this study, aimed at identifying the growth factor implicated in this proliferation, we analyzed proteins secreted from a cDNA library of the AP of AdX rats, using the signal sequence trap method. A PCR analysis of several cDNAs that coded for insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 5, IGFBP7, and vacuolar H+-ATPase accessory subunit Ac45 revealed an increased and decreased expression level of IGFBP7 mRNA in the AP of AdX rats and AdX rats injected with dexamethasone, respectively. IGFBP7 mRNA was predominately expressed in the corticotrophs of the APs of both sham-operated and AdX rats. The AP of AdX rats contained an increased number of IGFBP7 mRNA-expressing cells and corticotrophs compared with that of sham-operated rats, but the ratio of IGFBP7 mRNA-positive corticotrophs per total number of corticotrophs did not significantly change in either group. Histochemical analysis of labeled proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and sex-determining region Y box-2 (SOX2) revealed the presence of several PCNA-positive signals and the absence of SOX2 cells among the corticotrophs, suggesting that IGFBP7 mRNA-expressing corticotrophs are derived from in situ corticotrophs and that they increase in number as corticotrophs increase. The possible roles of IGFBP7 in the corticotrophs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakakura
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Nakakura T, Sato M, Suzuki M, Hatano O, Takemori H, Taniguchi Y, Minoshima Y, Tanaka S. The spatial and temporal expression of delta-like protein 1 in the rat pituitary gland during development. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 131:141-53. [PMID: 18751720 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of secreted proteins by the signal sequence trap method using a cDNA library of the rat pituitary anlage at embryonic days (E) 13.5 revealed the abundant expression of delta-like protein 1 (Dlk1) in the pituitary gland. Dlk1, an epidermal growth factor-like repeat protein in preadipocytes, functions in maintaining the preadipose state. Expression of Dlk1 mRNA in the pituitary at E13.5 and in the adult pituitary was confirmed by in situ hybridization. The expression pattern of Dlk1 during pituitary development was also studied by immunohistochemistry. Dlk1 protein first appeared in Rathke's pouch and the infundibulum at E11.5; as development proceeded, expression became restricted to the pars distalis and pars tuberalis (PT). Dlk1 was expressed in most ACTH cells during the embryonic stages, but its expression was limited to only a few ACTH cells in the adult pituitary. It was also expressed in a small population of TSH, GTH, and PRL cells throughout development, whereas it was present in the cytoplasm of most GH cells at all developmental stages. Similarly, Dlk1 was localized in the cytoplasm of PT cells during development. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Dlk1 regarding its regulation of pituitary hormone-secreting cells during development.
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