1
|
Camenisch L, Polychronis G, Panayi N, Makou O, Papageorgiou SN, Zinelis S, Eliades T. Effect of printing orientation on mechanical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners. J Orofac Orthop 2024:10.1007/s00056-023-00511-0. [PMID: 38277054 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the fundamental mechanical properties of resin-made three-dimensional (3D) printed orthodontic aligners according to the printing orientation. METHODS Twenty resin 3D-printed dumbbell-shaped specimens and 20 orthodontic aligners were fabricated and postcured in nitrogen. Half of the specimens and aligners were built in horizontal (H), the other half in vertical (V) directions. The dumbbell-shaped specimens were loaded in a tensile testing machine, while parts of the aligners were embedded in acrylic resin, ground, polished, and then underwent instrumented indentation testing (IIT). Mechanical properties that were assessed included the yield strength (YS), breaking strength (BS), plastic strain (ε), Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EIT), elastic index (ηIT), and indentation relaxation (RIT). Data were analyzed statistically with independent t‑tests or Mann-Whitney tests at α = 5%. RESULTS No significant differences were found between specimens or aligners printed either in a horizontal or a vertical direction (P > 0.05 in all instances). Overall, the 3D-printed aligners showed acceptable mechanical propertied in terms of YS (mean 19.2 MPa; standard deviation [SD] 1.7 MPa), BS (mean 19.6 MPa; SD 1.2 MPa), ε (mean 77%; SD 11%), HM (median 89.0 N/mm2; interquartile range [IQR] 84.5-90.0 NN/m2), EIT (median 2670.5 MPa; IQR 2645.0-2726.0 MPa), ηIT (median 27.5%; IQR 25.9-28.1%), and RIT (mean 65.1%; SD 3.5%). CONCLUSION Printing direction seemed to have no effect on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed resin aligners, which are promising for orthodontic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Camenisch
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Polychronis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nearchos Panayi
- Department of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Olga Makou
- Department of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Shi Y, Yuan J, Li Y, Chen W. Factors influencing the efficacy of invisalign in molar distalization and tooth movement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1215169. [PMID: 37954021 PMCID: PMC10634526 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1215169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The work aims to establish and analyze the factors influencing the efficacy of Invisalign in molar distalization and tooth movement. Objectives of the study: 1) identify factors contributing to molar distalization and tooth movement; 2) analyze the effectiveness of Invisalign technology in molar distalization and tooth movement. Methods: The study was conducted in 2020-2022 in Baoding (PRC) based on Baoding's first central hospital. Forty patients (mean age 28.5 ± 1.5 years, 18-35 years; 20 women and 20 men) participated in the study. Results: All patients had mild to moderate degrees of tooth crowding, with an angle class II malocclusion, as well as maxillary third molars. Before and after the therapy, the condition of the alveolar bone, soft tissues, and facial height were measured. Fixation of the anterior teeth was performed. Calculations of the distal molar movement were performed. For orthodontic procedures, the second M of the upper jaw were moved, and then the first molars were moved. Discussion: Distalization of the upper molars was found to be an effective movement, with an efficiency of about 83% when vertical rectangular attachments were used. The first molar was moved distally by 2.85 mm without significant tilt or movement in the vertical plane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrivastava A, Mohanty P, Dash BP, Jena S, Sahoo N. Proficiency of Clear Aligner Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45072. [PMID: 37842499 PMCID: PMC10568240 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of orthodontic treatment using clear aligner therapy (CAT). This efficiency was measured using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) index, or the similarity between the final ClinCheck and the final scanned models. A search was done electronically between 1998 and 2021 using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Three reviewers individually rated the articles. The ROBINS tool and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to evaluate the quality of observational research and randomized controlled trials, respectively. The degree of certainty for each selected outcome was evaluated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Six studies with a total of 166 participants were considered after the full texts of 61 potential reports were reviewed. This research included in the review covered the period from 1998 to 2021 in retrospect. According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, transparent aligners had a successful outcome. In mild to moderate cases, aligner treatment appears to have a significant advantage in terms of efficiency (treatment time); nonetheless, insufficient evidence of efficacy was observed based on multiple cross-sectional investigations. When compared to traditional brackets, clear aligners provided a more stable course of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Shrivastava
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pritam Mohanty
- Department of Orthodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Bhagabati P Dash
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Sanghamitra Jena
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Nivedita Sahoo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arndt-Fink A, Jost-Brinkmann PG. Investigation of the cleaning performance of commercial orthodontic cleaning tablets regarding biofilm removal on PMMA test specimens : An ex vivo study. J Orofac Orthop 2023:10.1007/s00056-023-00474-2. [PMID: 37266911 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the cleaning performance of three commercially available orthodontic cleaners on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) test specimens covered with biofilm. METHODS Twenty subjects wore an individually manufactured vacuum-formed maxillary splint with four integrated PMMA test specimens for 7 days. The four test specimens were located on the buccal surfaces of the maxillary molars. After a 7-day wearing period, the PMMA test specimens colonized by biofilm were divided into two halves. One half was placed in 150 ml of tap water or in 150 ml of cleaning solution of the cleaners Retainer Brite® (Dentsply International Raintree Essix, Sarasota, FL, USA), Kukis® Xpress (Reckitt Benckiser, Heidelberg, Germany) or Dontodent (Propack, Heidelberg, Germany) while the other half remained uncleaned. The modified o‑phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method was used to determine the amount of protein on both halves of the test specimens. The difference was tested for significance as a measure of the cleaning effect using a paired sample t‑test. RESULTS The cleaning performance of the three orthodontic cleaners was higher than the cleaning performance of tap water (mean 25.9 ± 6.5%). While Retainer Brite® (mean 54.5 ± 7.1%) removed significantly more biofilm than Dontodent (mean 41.5 ± 9.2%, p < 0.001) and Kukis® Xpress (mean 39.9 ± 11.5%, p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the cleaning performance between Kukis® Xpress and Dontodent (p = 1). CONCLUSION Seven-day-old biofilm is only removed partially by the investigated orthodontic cleaners, so that they are not suitable as the only measure for removing established biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arndt-Fink
- CharitéCenter 3 for Oral Health Sciences (CC 3), Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - P-G Jost-Brinkmann
- CharitéCenter 3 for Oral Health Sciences (CC 3), Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kamran MA, Alnazeh AA, Almagbol M, Almoammar S, Alhaizaey AHA, Alshahrani I. Role of six cytokines and bone metabolism biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment in comparison with aligners: a clinical study. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:490741. [PMID: 36807401 PMCID: PMC10117209 DOI: 10.2319/091722-649.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess bone biomarkers and cytokines in patients with conventional labial appliances (CLAs) and aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were recruited to undergo orthodontic treatment with CLAs and aligners according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal examination was accomplished at baseline and 4 weeks using the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BoP). Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected at baseline (T0) before the start of treatment and at the 1-month follow-up (T1) to assess bone metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. GCF from participants with CLAs and aligners was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparison between labial conventional orthodontic treatment and aligners were assessed using an unpaired t-test. The difference between T0 and T1 was measured using a paired t-test. RESULTS BoP, PI, and GI demonstrated no significant difference between participants treated with aligners and subjects with CLAs at baseline and at 4 weeks (P > .05). Bone markers and other biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin [IL]-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) showed significant differences (P < .05). Also, a significant difference between CLAs and aligners was noted among all biomarkers (P < .05) except IL-β. CONCLUSIONS Aligners and CLAs increase the level of inflammatory and bone metabolic biomarkers after 1 month.
Collapse
|
6
|
Iliadi A, Enzler V, Polychronis G, Peltomaki T, Zinelis S, Eliades T. Εffect of cleansers on the composition and mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners in vitro. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 36517652 PMCID: PMC9751251 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of three aligner cleaners on the composition and mechanical properties of two types of orthodontic aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cleaners tested were two alkaline peroxide solutions (Retainer Brite-RB; Retainer Cleaner-RC) and one peroxide-free (Steraligner-ST) and the aligners Clear Aligner (C, polyester) and Invisalign (I, polyester-urethane). The aligners were immersed in the cleaner solutions as instructed every day (15 min for RB, RC; 5 min for ST) for a two-week period. The acidity of the solutions was tested with a pH meter. The changes in the chemical composition of the aligners were studied by attenuated total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR), while Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) was used for assessment of changes in Martens Hardness (HM), modulus (EIT), elastic index (nIT) and relaxation (RIT). RESULTS RB and RC were weakly acidic (pH = 6.3), whereas ST was mildly acidic (pH = 4.8). The ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrated evidence of acidic hydrolysis of C in ST and I in RB. The IIT-derived properties of I were not affected by the cleaners. However, for C a significant change was found in HM (all cleaners), nIT (all cleaners) and RIT (RB, ST). Although the chemical changes support a hydrolytic material deterioration, the results of mechanical properties may interfere with the material residual stresses during fabrication. CONCLUSIONS Caution should be exerted in the selection of aligner cleaners. The mild acidic cleanser was more aggressive to the polyester, whereas an alkaline peroxide to the polyester-urethane aligner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iliadi
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vera Enzler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Polychronis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Timo Peltomaki
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Eliades
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Noorollahian S, Tabibi A. The effect of hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite on fracture resistance of orthodontic self-cure acrylic base. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:74. [PMID: 36407776 PMCID: PMC9667494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient cooperation is necessary for treatment success in removable orthodontics. Every factor has an adverse effect on appliances appearance can impede appliance wearing. This study investigated the effect of immersion in household cleaner and bleach liquids on fracture resistance of self-cure orthodontic acrylic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro study two orthodontic acrylic resins (Megadental® and Acropars®) were used. Eighty identical acrylic samples (50 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm) from each acrylic resin were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 20). For each type of acrylic resin; Group 1: 15 min immersion in household cleaner liquid (hydrochloric acid [HCl], 10%), 1 min rinsing with running water, 15 min immersion in household bleach liquid (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], 5.25%) and 1 min rinsing with running water were done. For Group 2, two times and for Group 3, three times immersion just like Group 1, were done. Group 4, as control, had no immersion. Fracture resistance of samples was measured with universal testing machine (Instron) in 3-point bending set-up. Data were analyzed with two-way repeated measurement ANOVA. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Fracture resistance of Acropars groups was greater than counterpart Megadental ones (P < 0.001). Immersion factor, alone (P = 0.375) and in combination with material (P = 0.603), did not make a significant difference among fracture resistance of each acrylic resin groups. CONCLUSION 15 min immersion in household cleaner liquid (HCl acid) followed by 15 min immersion in household bleach liquid (NaOCl 5.25%) and even 3 times repetition of this process had not significant adverse effect on fracture resistance of acrylic resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Noorollahian
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Tabibi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Charavet C, Gourdain Z, Graveline L, Lupi L. Cleaning and Disinfection Protocols for Clear Orthodontic Aligners: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020340. [PMID: 35206954 PMCID: PMC8871989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clear orthodontic aligners support the development of oral biofilms, which could lead to interferences with the oral microbiota already existing and the deterioration of oral health, with the development of dental caries, periodontal disease and even systemic infections. Therefore, preventive oral health care requires a cleaning and disinfection procedure for aligners. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted across four databases following the PRISMA guidelines up to May 2021, combining an electronic and a manual search. Prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), crossover studies (COSs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs), published in the English language without time restrictions, evaluating the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols for clear orthodontic aligners by comparing them with a placebo or a negative control, were included. The article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent blinded review authors. In case of disagreement, a third author was solicited throughout the selection process. (3) Results: Among the 221 articles screened in the search process, 4 studies were included in the review, all designed as crossover studies (single arm without randomization with the same sequence of different cleaning and disinfection protocols for each participant). Different cleaning and disinfection methods were studied such as mechanical methods (brushing with toothpaste or vibration), chemical methods/pharmaceutical products (chlorhexidine antibacterial substance, anionic or cationic detergents or effervescent tablets) or combinations of both. (4) Conclusion: Although the determination of the most remarkable method of cleaning and disinfection was impossible because no direct comparison was conducted between all these methods, a multi-step protocol, including the combination of a mechanical and a chemical method, seems to be the most effective approach. Further research is needed to define the most preventive oral health care protocol. Registration: PROSPERO CRD 42021278498.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Charavet
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département d’Orthodontie, 06800 Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Laboratoire MICORALIS UPR 7354, Université Côte d’Azur, 06800 Nice, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Zoé Gourdain
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 06800 Nice, France
| | - Léa Graveline
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 06800 Nice, France
| | - Laurence Lupi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, 06000 Nice, France; (Z.G.); (L.G.)
- Laboratoire MICORALIS UPR 7354, Université Côte d’Azur, 06800 Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département de Santé Publique, 06800 Nice, France;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang SY, Choi JW, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Evaluation of the time-dependent efficacy of commercial denture or orthodontic appliance cleansers: An in vitro study. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:214-225. [PMID: 34789624 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, stain and protein removal efficacy of denture or orthodontic appliance cleansers using in vitro test methods. Experimental cleansers were applied for experimental time in each evaluation method. To evaluate the microorganism removal efficacy, C. albicans and S. mutans removal rate was calculated from the specimen surface. Stain and protein removal rate was calculated using the spectrophotometer. Experimental cleansers significantly affected the microorganism removal rate for both C. albicans and S. mutans, as well as the stain and protein removal rates, at each experimental time (p<0.05). As the application time increased, the stain and protein removal rates of all experimental cleansers significantly increased (p<0.05). The present study provided in vitro evaluation methods to assess the efficacy of denture or orthodontic appliance cleansers. Also, manufacturers and researchers can predict clinical outcomes and ensure proper hygiene management of dentures or orthodontic appliances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Yang
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry.,BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry.,BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baeshen HA. Assessment of salivary pro inflammatory cytokines profile level in patients treated with labial and lingual fixed orthodontic appliances. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249999. [PMID: 33886621 PMCID: PMC8061994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretions of certain cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are triggered by orthodontic appliances, which often affect the remodelling of periodontal tissues. Critical cumulative forces are applied by various types of orthodontic appliances to the periodontium. The secretion of such molecules is probably responsible, through molecular and cellular communications, for the optimal resorption of hard tissues in the periodontal setting, which therefore enables the coordination of multiple movements of tooth. This study assessed and compared a wide range of cytokines, cellular marker analysis and defensins present in the saliva samples of human subjected to orthodontic treatment with two different treatment modalities, i.e., conventional lingual and labial fixed orthodontic appliances. A total 40 samples of saliva were obtained, of which 20 were treated with traditional lingual appliances and 20 were treated with labial fixed appliances. After 21 days of treatment, all salivary samples were collected from the subjects. In order to analyse a broad range of soluble cytokine levels in saliva by flow cytometry, a bead-based immunoassay was performed. Cell surface markers were analysed by flow cytometry. Protein levels of saliva for defensins were quantified by ELISA. Non-significant differences were observed in the cytokine levels in the saliva except for the significant effects for CCL2, IL-17A and IL-6. Cellular markers CD45 and CD326 showed high percentage in conventional lingual samples. Defensin levels were found to be lower in conventional lingual patients. Subjects with conventional lingual appliances had significantly higher salivary protein levels of IL-1β, CCL2, IL17A, and IL-6, higher CD45+ and CD326+ cells and lower defensin levels than subjects with fixed labial appliances. The current study provided a clear basis for the development of innovative methods to aid in the improvement of various procedural treatments and orthodontic equipment of next generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohammed A, Zurek J, Madueke S, Al-Kassimy H, Yaqoob M, Houacine C, Ferraz A, Kalgudi R, Zariwala MG, Hawkins N, Al-Obaidi H. Generation of High Dose Inhalable Effervescent Dispersions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Pharm Res 2020; 37:150. [PMID: 32686026 PMCID: PMC7369260 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel particle engineering approach was used in this study to generate high dose inhalable effervescent particles with synergistic effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. METHODS Spray dried co-amorphous salt of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and tartaric acid (TA) was prepared and coated with external layer of sodium bicarbonate and silica coated silver nanobeads. Design of experiments (DOE) was used to optimize physicochemical properties of particles for enhanced lung deposition. RESULTS Generated particles were co-amorphous CFX/TA showing that CFX lost its zwitterionic form and exhibiting distinct properties to CFX/HCl as assessed by FTIR and thermal analysis. Particles exhibited mass mean aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.3 μm, emitted dose of 78% and fine particle dose of 85%. Particles were further evaluated via antimicrobial assessment of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). MIC and MBEC results showed that the hybrid particles were around 3-5 times more effective when compared to CFX signifying that synergistic effect was achieved. Diffusing wave spectroscopy results showed that the silver containing particles had a disruptive effect on rheological properties as opposed to silver free particles. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results showed the potential to use particle engineering to generate particles that are highly disruptive of bacterial biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Mohammed
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Jakub Zurek
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Somto Madueke
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | | | | | - Chahinez Houacine
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Amina Ferraz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Rachith Kalgudi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Nicholas Hawkins
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, 0X1 3PJ, Oxford, UK
| | - Hisham Al-Obaidi
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akgün FA, Şenışık NE, Çetin ES. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Cleaning Methods for Orthodontic Thermoplastic Retainers in terms of Bacterial Colonization. Turk J Orthod 2020; 32:219-228. [PMID: 32110467 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2019.19061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of three different cleaning methods on Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (LB) bacteria colonization in vivo. The three different cleaning methods were applied by volunteers on clear vacuum formed retainers (VFRs). Methods In this prospective, cross-over study, a total of 21 volunteers were included. All VFRs used by the volunteers were cleaned using three different cleaning methods in a sequence. These methods were peroxide-based cleanser tablets (PBCTs) plus brushing, control (only brushing), and vinegar plus brushing, respectively. The obtained salivary, VFR material, and periodontal data were statistically compared by factorial design repeated measures analysis of variance. Results The SM and LB bacteria counts on VFRs after using both PBCTs and vinegar were statistically similar (p>0.05), but bacteria counts were statistically lower than the control method (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the SM and LB bacteria counts in saliva samples taken before and after the application of the cleaning methods (p>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences between periodontal data obtained from plaque and bleeding indices at all study times. The periodontal pocket depth gradually decreased in the successively performed cleaning applications (p<0.05). Conclusion The application of PBCTs and vinegar to VFRs at sequential time intervals resulted in similar bacteria counts. The higher LB counts and similarly higher SM counts on the VFR samples indicate that mechanical cleaning only (control method) is not adequate to obtain hygiene. Salivary flora was not correlated with bacteria counts of VFRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Aydoğan Akgün
- Department of Orthodontics, Süleyman Demirel University School of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Ebru Şenışık
- Department of Orthodontics, Süleyman Demirel University School of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Emel Sesli Çetin
- Department of Microbiology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
ATP Bioluminometers Analysis on the Surfaces of Removable Orthodontic Aligners after the Use of Different Cleaning Methods. Int J Dent 2016; 2016:5926941. [PMID: 27242901 PMCID: PMC4875988 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5926941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The aim was to quantify the bacteria concentration on the surface of orthodontic clear aligners using three different cleaning methods. Furthermore the objective was to validate the efficacy of the bioluminometer in assessing the bacteria concentration. Materials and Methods. Twenty subjects (six males and fourteen females) undergoing orthodontic therapy with clear aligners (Invisalign® Align Technology, Santa Clara, California) were enrolled in this study. The observation time was of six weeks. The patients were instructed to use different cleaning methods (water, brushing with toothpaste, and brushing with toothpaste and use of sodium carbonate and sulphate tablet). At the end of each phase a microbiological analysis was performed using the bioluminometer. Results. The highest bacteria concentration was found on aligners cleaned using only water (583 relative light units); a value of 189 relative light units was found on aligners cleaned with brushing and toothpaste. The lowest bacteria concentration was recorded on aligners cleaned with brushing and toothpaste and the use of sodium carbonate and sulfate tablet. Conclusions. The mechanical removal of the bacterial biofilm proved to be effective with brushing and toothpaste. The best results in terms of bacteria concentration were achieved adding the use of sodium carbonate and sulfate tablet.
Collapse
|