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Coscia LA, Kliniewski D, Constantinescu S, Moritz MJ. Pregnancy after transplant in the older adolescent: Anticipatory guidance for the pediatric provider. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14752. [PMID: 38682682 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare providers who care for adolescent and young adult transplant recipients should be aware of contraception counseling and potential for pregnancy in this at-risk cohort. METHODS This paper will review contraceptive options in general for transplant recipients. There will also be a review of common immunosuppressive medications and their risk profile regarding pregnancy after transplantation. Data from the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International were analyzed looking at recipients conceiving under the age of 21 and were compared to overall pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Overall pregnancy outcomes in recipients under the age of 21 are like the adult cohort. CONCLUSION It is imperative to provide contraception counseling to the adolescent and young adult and inform their caregiver that pregnancy can happen if the recipient is sexually active. Pregnant adolescent and young adult transplant recipients should be followed by a multidisciplinary team to assure a positive outcome for the recipient, transplant, and neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Coscia
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, a division of Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dorothy Kliniewski
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, a division of Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Serban Constantinescu
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, a division of Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Moritz
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, a division of Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Godana A, Tesi S, Nigussie S, Dechasa M. Perinatal outcomes and their determinants among women with eclampsia and severe preeclampsia in selected tertiary hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2023; 34:152-158. [PMID: 37992489 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal complications and deaths are still increasing worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess perinatal outcomes and their determinants among women with eclampsia and severe preeclampsia admitted to selected tertiary hospitals Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS The prospective observational study was conducted among 245 foetal born to women with eclampsia and severe preeclampsia admitted to selected Hospitals. Data were collected from patients' charts and maternal interviews using questionnaires and telephone follow-ups from April 01 to September 30, 2022. Then, Cox regression were used to determine the predictors of perinatal clinical outcomes by SPSS (version 21.0®). Hazard ratios with a two-sided P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULT Of 245 deliveries, perinatal mortality was 26.1 % and about 57.4 % of newborns developed neonatal complications. Fifth-minute Apgar score (AHR: 10.3; 95 % C.I: 3.8-28.1; P: 0.0001) was statistically a determinant to perinatal mortality whereas maternal parity (AHR: 1.7; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.86; P: 0.05), maternal diagnosis (AHR: 2.1; 95 % C.I:1.17-3.66; P: 0.012), maternal complications (AHR: 1.96; 95 % C.I: 1.13-3.41; P: 0.018) and fifth-minute Apgar score (AHR: 2.0; 95 % C.I: 1.29-3.19; P: 0.002) were found to be determinants for neonatal complications. CONCLUSION Despite the inclusion of magnesium sulphate into the national drug list of Ethiopia to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, the perinatal condition remained a severe concern and worse among patients with eclampsia. Interventions to reduce the incidence of eclampsia, better antenatal care, early recognition, prompt treatment of severe preeclampsia, and enhanced neonatal care have to be initiated for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduro Godana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Tesi
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Shambel Nigussie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mesay Dechasa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
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Coscia L, Cohen D, Dube GK, Hofmann RM, Moritz MJ, Gattis S, Basu A. Outcomes With Belatacept Exposure During Pregnancy in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Case Series. Transplantation 2023; 107:2047-2054. [PMID: 37287109 PMCID: PMC10442140 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttransplant fertility returns quickly, and female recipients of child-bearing age may conceive while on immunosuppression. However, pregnancy after transplantation confers risks to the recipient, transplant, and fetus, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, transplant dysfunction, preterm labor, and low birthweight infants. Additionally, mycophenolic acid (MPA) products are teratogenic. Literature evidence regarding belatacept, a selective T-cell costimulation blocker, during pregnancy and while breastfeeding is extremely limited. When female transplant recipients on a belatacept-based regimen are desirous of pregnancy or at the time of conception, transplant providers manage the immunosuppression regimen in 1 of 2 ways: (1) switch both belatacept and MPA to a calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen with or without azathioprine, which is the more common practice but requires several modifications, having potential negative outcomes; or (2) only switch MPA to azathioprine while continuing belatacept. METHODS This case series includes 16 pregnancies in 12 recipients with exposure to belatacept throughout pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Patient information was obtained from several sources, including Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, providers at Emory University, and Columbia University, as well as literature review. RESULTS Pregnancy outcomes included 13 live births and 3 miscarriages. No birth defects or fetal deaths were reported in any of the live births. Seven infants were breastfed while their mothers continued belatacept. Outcomes appear comparable to those documented with the administration of calcineurin inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS This case series provides data supporting the continued administration of belatacept during pregnancy. Additional research will assist in developing better guidelines to counsel female transplant recipients on belatacept desiring to pursue pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Coscia
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - R. Michael Hofmann
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Health Kidney Transplant Center, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Michael J. Moritz
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, Philadelphia, PA
- Surgery, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Sara Gattis
- Department of Pharmacy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Division of Transplant, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Sawinski D, Hendren E, Cunningham A, Niederhaus SV, Gill JS. The Importance of Maintaining Reproductive Choices for Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:198-200. [PMID: 36735373 PMCID: PMC10103090 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Sawinski
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Hendren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda Cunningham
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Silke V. Niederhaus
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John S. Gill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Oki R, Unagami K, Kakogawa J, Beppu H, Banno T, Yagisawa T, Kanzawa T, Hirai T, Omoto K, Kitajima K, Shirakawa H, Hoshino J, Takagi T, Ishida H. Pregnancy Complications and Impact on Kidney Allograft After Kidney Transplantation in IgA Nephropathy. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11220. [PMID: 37213487 PMCID: PMC10193387 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients has been challenging because of the high risk of maternal, fetal, and renal complications. Although patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN)-chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a high risk for hypertension in pregnancy (HIP), the maternal risk in KT recipients with IgAN as the etiology remains unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pregnant KT recipients who delivered at our hospital. The incidence of maternal and fetal complications and the impact on kidney allografts between the group with IgAN as the primary kidney disease and the group with other primary diseases were compared. The analysis included 73 pregnancies in 64 KT recipients. The IgAN group had a higher incidence of HIP than the non-IgAN group (69% vs. 40%, p = 0.02). IgAN as primary kidney disease and interval from transplantation to conception were associated with HIP (OR 3.33 [1.11-9.92], p = 0.03, OR 0.83 [0.72-0.96], p < 0.01, respectively). The 20-year graft survival or prevention of CKD stage 5 in group with IgAN was lower than that in the group with other primary disease (p < 0.01). KT recipients should be informed of the risk of HIP and possibility of long-term worsening of postpartum renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Oki
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kohei Unagami
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kohei Unagami,
| | - Jun Kakogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Hiroko Beppu
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Ohkubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Banno
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yagisawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Taichi Kanzawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Toshihito Hirai
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kazuya Omoto
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kitajima
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirakawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Urology, Ohkubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Hoshino
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Department of Organ Transplant Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
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Sawinski D, Johannesson L, Kristek J, Fronek J, O'Neill KE, Gregg A, Testa G, Porrett PM. A multi-institutional study of renal outcomes and renal-related pregnancy outcomes in uterus transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:3101-3110. [PMID: 35822437 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an effective treatment option for uterine factor infertility. However, the need for immunosuppression and congenital renal anomalies that coexist with uterine agenesis in about 30% of women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome create a risk for renal dysfunction. We therefore examined renal function trajectory and related pregnancy complications in an international cohort of 18 UTx recipients from September 2016-February 2020 who had at least one live birth. All UTx recipients had a diminution in their renal function that was apparent starting at 30 days posttransplant and in half the reduction in eGFR was at least 20%; the decrease in eGFR persisted into the early post-partum period. Half met criteria for Stage 1 acute kidney injury (AKI) as defined by the AKI Network criteria during their pregnancy. Overall, 28% of UTx recipients developed pre-eclampsia. eGFR was lower at embryo transfer and throughout pregnancy among those who developed pre-eclampsia, reaching statistical significance at week 16 of pregnancy. This effect was independent of tacrolimus levels. Mean eGFR remained significantly lower in the first 1-3 months after delivery. In the subgroup who reached 12 months of postpartum follow up and had a graft hysterectomy (n = 4), there was no longer a statistical difference in eGFR (pretransplant 106.7 ml/m ± 17.7 vs. 12 mos postpartum 92.6 ml/m ± 21.7, p = .13) but the number was small. Further study is required to delineate long term renal risks for UTx recipients, improve patient selection, and make decisions regarding a second pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Sawinski
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liza Johannesson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jakub Kristek
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Fronek
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kathleen E O'Neill
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony Gregg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Giuliano Testa
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Paige M Porrett
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Meinderts JR, Prins JR, Berger SP, De Jong MFC. Follow-Up of Offspring Born to Parents With a Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10565. [PMID: 35992748 PMCID: PMC9389717 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy after solid organ transplantation (SOT) has potential risks for the offspring. Most existing research focused on short-term pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate available data concerning longer term outcomes (>1 year) of these children. A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, of PubMed and Embase was performed from the earliest date of inception through to 6th April 2022. Publications on all types of (combined) SOT were eligible for inclusion. In total, 53 articles were included. The majority assessed offspring after kidney (78% of offspring) or liver transplantation (17% of offspring). 33 studies included offspring aged >4 years and five offspring aged >18 years. One study was included on fathers with SOT. The majority of the 1,664 included children after maternal SOT had normal intellectual, psychomotor, and behavioral development. Although prematurity and low birth weight were commonly present, regular growth after 1 year of age was described. No studies reported opportunistic or chronic infections or abnormal response to vaccinations. In general, pregnancy after SOT appears to have reassuring longer term outcomes for the offspring. However, existing information is predominantly limited to studies with young children. Longer prospective studies with follow-up into adulthood of these children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jildau R. Meinderts
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jelmer R. Prins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Margriet F. C. De Jong
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Margriet F. C. De Jong,
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Graft function and pregnancy outcomes after kidney transplantation. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:27. [PMID: 35022021 PMCID: PMC8753888 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After kidney transplantation, pregnancy and graft function may have a reciprocal interaction. We evaluated the influence of graft function on the course of pregnancy and vice versa. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of 92 pregnancies beyond the first trimester in 67 women after renal transplantation from 1972 to 2019. Pre-pregnancy eGFR was correlated with outcome parameters; graft function was evaluated by Kaplan Meier analysis. The course of graft function in 28 women who became pregnant after kidney transplantation with an eGFR of < 50 mL/min/1.73m2 was compared to a control group of 79 non-pregnant women after kidney transplantation during a comparable time period and with a matched basal graft function. Results Live births were 90.5% (fetal death n = 9). Maternal complications of pregnancy were preeclampsia 24% (graft loss 1, fetal death 3), graft rejection 5.4% (graft loss 1), hemolytic uremic syndrome 2% (graft loss 1, fetal death 1), maternal hemorrhage 2% (fetal death 1), urinary obstruction 10%, and cesarian section. (76%). Fetal complications were low gestational age (34.44 ± 5.02 weeks) and low birth weight (2322.26 ± 781.98 g). Mean pre-pregnancy eGFR was 59.39 ± 17.62 mL/min/1.73m2 (15% of cases < 40 mL/min/1.73m2). Pre-pregnancy eGFR correlated with gestation week at delivery (R = 0.393, p = 0.01) and with percent eGFR decline during pregnancy (R = 0.243, p = 0.04). Pregnancy-related eGFR decline was inversely correlated with the time from end of pregnancy to chronic graft failure or maternal death (R = -0.47, p = 0.001). Kaplan Meier curves comparing women with pre-pregnancy eGFR of ≥ 50 to < 50 mL/min showed a significantly longer post-pregnancy graft survival in the higher eGFR group (p = 0.04). Women after kidney transplantation who became pregnant with a low eGFR of > 25 to < 50 mL/min/1.73m2 had a marked decline of renal function compared to a matched non-pregnant control group (eGFR decline in percent of basal eGFR 19.34 ± 22.10%, n = 28, versus 2.61 ± 10.95%, n = 79, p < 0.0001). Conclusions After renal transplantation, pre-pregnancy graft function has a key role for pregnancy outcomes and graft function. In women with a low pre-pregnancy eGFR, pregnancy per se has a deleterious influence on graft function. Trial registration Since this was a retrospective observational case series and written consent of the patients was obtained for publication, according to our ethics’ board the analysis was exempt from IRB approval. Clinical Trial Registration was not done. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School, Chairman Prof. Dr. H. D. Troeger, Hannover, December 12, 2015 (IRB No. 2995–2015).
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