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Zhang C, Chen S, Zhou G, Jin Y, Zhang R, Yang H, Xi Y, Ren J, Duan G. Involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the progression of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197861. [PMID: 29791486 PMCID: PMC5965884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is generally considered as a mild exanthematous disease to infants and young children worldwide. HFMD cases are usually mild and self-limiting but for few cases leads to complicated severe clinical outcomes, and even death. Previous studies have indicated that serum Ang II levels in patients with H7N9 infection were related to the severity of infection. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of severe HFMD remain unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the progression of severe HFMD. METHODS In the present study, 162 children including HFMD patients and healthy controls were recruited. The data was analyzed by time-series fashion. Concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) and noradrenaline (NA) in serum of patients were measured with ELISA. We established a mouse model for enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection and determined concentrations of Ang II, NA in tissue lysates at 3, 5 and 7 days post infection (dpi). RESULTS The concentrations of Ang II and NA in serum of the HFMD patients with mild or severe symptoms were significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Additionally, the concentrations of Ang II and NA in serum of severe cases were significantly higher than those mild cases and the increased concentrations of Ang II and NA showed the same time trend during the progression of HFMD in the severe cases. Furthermore, the concentrations of Ang II and NA in target organs of EV71-infected mice including brains, skeletal muscle, and lungs were increased with the progression of EV71 infection in mice. Histopathological alterations were observed in the brains, skeletal muscle and lungs of EV71-infected mice. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that activation of the RAS is implicated in the pathogenesis of severe HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingchao Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Han CH, Guan ZB, Zhang PX, Fang HL, Li L, Zhang HM, Zhou FJ, Mao YF, Liu WW. Oxidative stress induced necroptosis activation is involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic acute lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2178-2183. [PMID: 29269294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of some lung diseases, but its role in hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate contribution of necroptosis to the pathogenesis of HALI induced by hyperbaric hyperoxia exposure in a rat model. Rats were divided into control group, HALI group, Nec-1 (necroptosis inhibitor) group and edaravone group. Rats were exposed to pure oxygen at 250 kPa for 6 h to induce HALI. At 30 min before hyperoxia exposure, rats were intraperitoneally injected with Nec-1 or edaravone, and sacrificed at 24 h after hyperoxia exposure. Lung injury was evaluated by histology, lung water to dry ratio (W/D) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) biochemistry; the serum and plasma oxidative stress, expression of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL, and interaction between RIP1 and RIP3 were determined. Results showed hyperoxia exposure significantly caused damage to lung and increased necroptotic cells and the expression of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL. Edaravone pre-treatment not only inhibited the oxidative stress in HALI, but also reduced necroptotic cells, decreased the expression of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL and improved lung pathology. Nec-1 pretreatment inhibited necroptosis and improved lung pathology, but had little influence on oxidative stress. This study suggests hyperoxia exposure induces oxidative stress may activate necroptosis, involving in the pathology of HALI, and strategies targeting necroptosis may become promising treatments for HALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, China
| | - Z B Guan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The 411th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - P X Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, China
| | - H L Fang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, China
| | - H M Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, China
| | - F J Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, China
| | - Y F Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, XinHua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - W W Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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