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Jakimovski D, Mateska S, Dimitrova E, Bosilkovski M, Mijatović D, Simin V, Bogdan I, Grujić J, Budakov-Obradović Z, Meletis E, Kostoulas P, Cabezas-Cruz A, Banović P. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Borrelia burgdorferi Seroprevalence in Balkan Tick-Infested Individuals: A Two-Centre Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:922. [PMID: 37513769 PMCID: PMC10385890 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are important tick-borne diseases in Europe. This study aimed to investigate the seroreactivity against Borrelia burgdorferi and TBE virus (TBEV) in tick-infested individuals in North Macedonia and Serbia. Serum samples were collected from tick-infested individuals and from healthy individuals in the same regions. Samples were tested for anti-Borrelia IgG reactivity and TBEV-neutralizing antibodies. Results showed higher seroreactivity against Borrelia antigens in patients and healthy donors from Novi Sad compared to those from the Skopje region. However, there was no statistically significant difference between tick-infested patients and healthy donors within each region. No TBEV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in participants from Novi Sad or in the control groups, except for one person from North Macedonia who had a moderate TBEV-neutralizing reaction. The study highlights the need for improved surveillance and diagnostic capabilities for LB and TBE in these regions. It also suggests the potential existence of TBEV foci in North Macedonia. The findings provide a complementary understanding of the LB and TBE epidemiology in the studied regions; however, further research is needed to investigate the presence and distribution of Borrelia spp. and TBEV in ticks to assess the significance of detected seroreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sofija Mateska
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Emilija Dimitrova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, City General Hospital 8th September, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mile Bosilkovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dragana Mijatović
- Department for Research and Monitoring of Rabies and Other Zoonoses, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Verica Simin
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bogdan
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Grujić
- Blood Transfusion Institute Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorana Budakov-Obradović
- Blood Transfusion Institute Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 24410 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 24410 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pavle Banović
- Clinic for Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Janjić F, Beletić A, Radaković M, Spariosu K, Diklić M, Andrić JF, Radonjić V, Ajtić J, Filipović MK. Seasonal differences in the intensity of acute phase response in dogs infected with Babesia canis. Int J Biometeorol 2022; 66:691-698. [PMID: 34997356 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The highest number of acute Babesia canis cases in dogs is recorded over the February-May (Feb-May) period, which also represents the optimal climate conditions for tick activity in Belgrade, Serbia. A possibility that the acute phase response is more intense in dogs developing the disease in the Feb-May period compared with the response in other time periods of the year was tested. A total of 63 client-owned dogs with acute B. canis infection were enrolled and the routine hematology and biochemistry parameters-serum amyloid A (SAA), IgG against B. canis, level of parasitemia, ceruloplasmin (CER), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and fibrinogen-were measured. Acute phase indexes (API) were calculated as (SAA×CER)/(Iron×PON-1) and (SAA×CER)/(Albumin×Iron). Statistics included Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression analysis. The results showed that in the Feb-May period, the following parameters were lower: creatinine, albumin, iron, and level of parasitemia. Furthermore, increased API values were more probable in the Feb-May than in the other periods. Together, higher acute phase response intensity and presumptive hemodilution in the Feb-May period indicate a more acute course of B. canis infection than in other time periods of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Janjić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Anđelo Beletić
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Višegradska 26, Belgrade, Serbia, 11000
| | - Milena Radaković
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Kristina Spariosu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Miloš Diklić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Francuski Andrić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Radonjić
- Small Animal Practice "Petrovac", Borča, Borčanskih žrtava 1914, 92, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ajtić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Miranda EA, Han SW, Rim JM, Cho YK, Choi KS, Chae JS. Serological evidence of Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the Republic of Korea by rapid diagnostic test kits. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e20. [PMID: 35187878 PMCID: PMC8977546 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergent and re-emergent canine tick-borne infections are attracting increasing attention worldwide. The rise in pet ownership and the close relationship between dogs and their owners are the most concerning factors because dogs may act as competent reservoirs for human tick-transmitted infectious agents. Objectives This study contributes to the epidemiological surveillance of canine tick-transmitted infections with zoonotic risk in the Republic of Korea (ROK) by investigating the seroprevalence of the pathogens, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis. Methods Four hundred and thirty whole blood samples from domestic dogs were collected in seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces in the ROK and tested using SensPERT Ab test kits (VetAll Laboratories®) to detect seroreactive animals. Results The seroprevalence rates identified were 9.8% (42/430) for Anaplasma spp., 2.8% (12/430) for B. burgdorferi, and 1.4% (6/430) for E. canis. The risk factors evaluated in this study that could be associated with the development of a humoral immune response, such as sex, age, and history of tick exposure, were similar. There was only one exception for dogs seroreactive to Anaplasma spp., where the risk factor “tick exposure” was statistically significant (p = 0.047). Conclusions This serological survey exhibited the widespread presence of Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi, and E. canis throughout the ROK. Hence, dogs may play a key role as the sentinel animals of multiple zoonotic infectious agents in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Alejandra Miranda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Spariosu K, Janjić F, Radaković M, Francuski Andrić J, Beletić A, Kovačević Filipović M. Low serum levels of promatrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 occur during acute Babesia canis infection in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109612. [PMID: 34735844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of the acute Babesia canis infection. Promatrix metalloproteinase (proMMP)-2 and -9 are involved in inflammation, but their levels have not been analyzed in canine babesiosis. We hypothesized that in dogs infected with B. canis, serum proMMP-2 and -9 levels change between presentation and recovery. Degree of the change differs if dogs develop systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This study included 24 dogs with an acute B. canis infection, at presentation and after two weeks. We used routine hematology and biochemistry methods, spectrophotometry for the acute-phase proteins, microscopy for parasitemia and zymography for (pro)MMPs. In vitro endothelial cells and leukocyte short-term cultures, and platelet lysates were used to detect specific MMP activity. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon test for paired samples, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation. Our results showed that endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets are the source of proMMP-2 and proMMP-9. Furthermore, both proMMPs were lower at presentation than after recovery (p < 0.001). At presentation, proMMP-9 levels correlated with parasitemia (rho = -0.616, p = 0.009), total leukocyte (rho = 0.704, p < 0.001) and neutrophil counts (rho = 0.741, p < 0.001). Extent of alterations in proMMP-2 levels between presentation and recovery was lower (p = 0.038) in dogs with SIRS than in non-SIRS dogs, while levels of proMMP-9 were comparable between these groups. Our conclusion is that during the acute B. canis infection, low serum levels of proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 at presentation reflect thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Decreased proMMP-2 level could be associated with SIRS.
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Anja IB, Milena R, Kristina S, Phyllis T, Ramaswamy C, Dušan M, Milica KF. First Confirmed Clinical Case of Anaplasma platys in a Dog in Serbia. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021; 71:107-12. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In September 2018, a four-month-old dog with fever and petechial bleeding came to the internal clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade. On hematology analysis, thrombocytopenia and mild anemia were observed. Examination of the blood smear revealed platelet inclusions. The commercial serology test was positive for Anaplasma spp. The dog was treated with doxycycline for 14 days, and after 48 hours from the beginning of the treatment, the symptoms subsided. PCR analysis and sequencing confirmed infection with A. platys.
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