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Gorla L, Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Breiner K, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Junla D, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Santona A, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Uribe Tirado LM. Individualism, collectivism and conformity in nine countries: Relations with parenting and child adjustment. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38622493 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated how individualism, collectivism and conformity are associated with parenting and child adjustment in 1297 families with 10-year-old children from 13 cultural groups in nine countries. With multilevel models disaggregating between- and within-culture effects, we examined between- and within-culture associations between maternal and paternal cultural values, parenting dimensions and children's adjustment. Mothers from cultures endorsing higher collectivism and fathers from cultures endorsing lower individualism engage more frequently in warm parenting behaviours. Mothers and fathers with higher-than-average collectivism in their culture reported higher parent warmth and expectations for children's family obligations. Mothers with higher-than-average collectivism in their cultures more frequently reported warm parenting and fewer externalising problems in children, whereas mothers with higher-than-average individualism in their culture reported more child adjustment problems. Mothers with higher-than-average conformity values in their culture reported more father-displays of warmth and greater mother-reported expectations for children's family obligations. Fathers with higher-than-average individualism in their culture reported setting more rules and soliciting more knowledge about their children's whereabouts. Fathers who endorsed higher-than-average conformity in their culture displayed more warmth and expectations for children's family obligations and granted them more autonomy. Being connected to an interdependent, cohesive group appears to relate to parenting and children's adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gorla
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Suha M Al-Hassan
- Special Education, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Special Projects and Partnerships, Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
- UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
- London, UK
| | - Kaitlyn Breiner
- Child Development Department, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sevtap Gurdal
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Daranee Junla
- Department of Psychology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Di Giunta L, Uribe Tirado LM, Ruiz Garcia M. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Colombia. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38418410 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This study examined associations of mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values with parenting (warmth, rules/limit-setting, knowledge solicitation and expectations regarding children's family obligations) and child internalising and externalising behaviours in Colombia. Mothers, fathers and children (N = 100) from Medellín, Colombia were interviewed when children were, on average, 10 years old. Higher maternal collectivism and conformity values were associated with higher maternal warmth and fewer child externalising problems, whereas higher paternal collectivism was associated with lower maternal warmth and more child externalising problems. Fathers' cultural values also were related to their expectations regarding children's family obligations. The findings suggest differences in how mothers' and fathers' cultural values are related to parenting and child adjustment in Colombia, as well as the need to examine cultural values beyond individualism, collectivism and conformity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Giunta
- Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Alampay LP. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in the Philippines. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38320969 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study examined whether Filipino mothers' and fathers' cultural values, namely individualism, collectivism and conformity values; are associated with parental warmth, rules/limit-setting and expectations of family obligations; and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Children (n = 103; Mage = 10.52, SDage = .44) and their mothers (n = 100) and fathers (n = 79) from urban Metro Manila, Philippines, responded to self-report measures orally or in writing. Mothers' collectivistic values, and fathers' individualistic and collectivistic values, were positively associated with expectations for children's familial obligations. Fathers' individualist values predicted lower internalising behaviours in children, whereas the valuing of conformity predicted greater paternal warmth. Future research on cultural values should unpack their dynamic meanings, processes and associations with parenting behaviours and child adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, 3/f Leong Hall, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines
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Junla D, Yotanyamaneewong S. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Thailand. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38253263 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the associations of Thai parents' cultural values (i.e., individualism, collectivism and conformity) with parenting behaviour (i.e., warmth, autonomy granting, rules/limit-setting, knowledge solicitation and expectations regarding children's family obligations) and children's adjustment (i.e., internalising and externalising problems). These data were collected via child, mother and father reports when the children were 10 years old, on average. Mothers' individualism was correlated with more parental autonomy granting. Fathers' individualism was correlated with higher maternal expectations regarding children's family obligations. Parents' higher collectivism was correlated with more with parental warmth. Mothers' higher collectivism was also correlated with more parental knowledge solicitation, and fathers' higher collectivism was also associated with mothers' and fathers' higher expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' higher conformity values were correlated with more parental autonomy granting and with fewer child internalising and externalising behaviours. However, after controlling for child gender, parent education and the other cultural values, mothers' and fathers' collectivism remained the only significant cultural value predicting parenting behaviours. Results advance understanding of relations between cultural values of Thai mothers and fathers and their parenting behaviours and children's adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daranee Junla
- Department of Psychology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Gurdal S, Sorbring E. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Sweden. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38196393 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
To examine whether mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values are significantly related to parenting behaviours and child adjustment during middle childhood, mothers (n = 95), fathers (n = 72) and children (n = 98) in Sweden were interviewed when children were, on average, 10 years old. Mothers' collectivism was significantly correlated with mothers' and fathers' higher expectations for children's family obligations. Fathers' collectivism was significantly correlated with mothers' and fathers' higher warmth and with fathers' higher expectations for children's family obligations. Fathers' conformity values were significantly correlated with fewer child internalising problems. Fathers' higher collectivism was associated with more paternal warmth even after taking into account the other cultural values, child gender and fathers' education. Our findings indicate that individual-level cultural values are correlated with some aspects of parenting and child adjustment in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Gurdal
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Bacchini D, Cirimele F, Di Giunta L, Miranda MC, Pastorelli C. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Italy. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38174827 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the association of mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values with parenting behaviours and child adjustment during middle childhood in an Italian sample. Children (n = 194; 95 from Naples and 99 from Rome; 49% girls) were 10.93 years old (SD = .61) at the time of data collection. Their mothers (n = 194) and fathers (n = 152) also participated. Mother and father reports were collected about parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, warmth, family obligations expectations and their children's internalising and externalising problems. Child reports were collected about their parents' warmth, psychological control, rules/limit-setting, family obligations expectations and their own internalising and externalising behaviours. Multiple regressions predicted each of the parenting and child adjustment variables from the value variables, controlling for child gender and parent education. Results showed that maternal collectivism was associated with high psychological control, parental collectivism was associated with high expectations regarding children's family obligations and fathers' conformity values were associated with more child internalising behaviours. Overall, the present study shed light on how parents' cultural values are related to some parenting practices and children's internalising problems in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Cultures and Society, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Oburu P. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Kenya. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38167805 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Children's, mothers' and fathers' reports were used to assess whether mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values are significantly related to parenting behaviours and child adjustment during middle childhood. A sample of 95 children, 95 mothers and 94 fathers was recruited from Kisumu, Kenya. Our results indicated that controlling for child gender and parents' education, mothers' and fathers' higher collectivism values were associated with higher expectations regarding children's family obligations. Children of mothers who were more individualistic perceived that less was required of them in terms of family obligations. Mothers' conformity values were associated with more maternal and paternal warmth, and higher maternal expectations regarding children's family obligations, controlling for child gender and mothers' education. Mothers' education was significantly associated with more maternal and paternal warmth, more parental knowledge solicitation and higher paternal expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' and mothers' individualism was associated with lower expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' individualism was positively correlated with knowledge solicitation and more rules/limit-setting. Fathers' higher conformity values were correlated with more maternal warmth, more paternal warmth, more knowledge solicitation and mothers' and fathers' higher expectations regarding children's family obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Oburu
- Education Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
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Al-Hassan SM. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Jordan. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38168861 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study examined associations between maternal and paternal cultural values (individualism, collectivism and conformity) and parenting dimensions (warmth, psychological control, autonomy granting, rule setting, knowledge solicitation and family obligations) and children's adjustment (internalising and externalising behaviours) in 113 families with children (Mage = 10.8 years) recruited from Zarqa, Jordan. Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to examine study question. Results revealed that mothers' individualism was positively correlated with more maternal warmth, more rules/limit-setting and fathers' and children's perceptions regarding children's greater family obligations. Fathers' individualism was not significantly correlated with any parenting or child adjustment variables. Mothers' and fathers' higher collectivism was correlated with more maternal and paternal warmth, respectively; however, mothers' and fathers' higher conformity values were not significantly correlated with any parenting or child adjustment variables. Mothers' collectivism was not associated with any parenting or child adjustment variables after taking into account the other cultural values, child gender and mothers' education; however, fathers' higher collectivism was associated with more paternal warmth, fathers' higher expectations for children's family obligations and less child internalising behaviour. The findings have implications for understanding how cultural values are related to parenting and children's adjustment in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha M Al-Hassan
- Special Projects and Partnerships, Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Special Education, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Lansford JE, Zietz S, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Steinberg L, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP. Culture and Social Change in Mothers' and Fathers' Individualism, Collectivism and Parenting Attitudes. Soc Sci 2021; 10:459. [PMID: 37808890 PMCID: PMC10558114 DOI: 10.3390/socsci10120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultures and families are not static over time but evolve in response to social transformations, such as changing gender roles, urbanization, globalization, and technology uptake. Historically, individualism and collectivism have been widely used heuristics guiding cross-cultural comparisons, yet these orientations may evolve over time, and individuals within cultures and cultures themselves can have both individualist and collectivist orientations. Historical shifts in parents' attitudes also have occurred within families in several cultures. As a way of understanding mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism, and parenting attitudes at this point in history, we examined parents in nine countries that varied widely in country-level individualism rankings. Data included mothers' and fathers' reports (N = 1338 families) at three time points in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. More variance was accounted for by within-culture than between-culture factors for parents' individualism, collectivism, progressive parenting attitudes, and authoritarian parenting attitudes, which were predicted by a range of sociodemographic factors that were largely similar for mothers and fathers and across cultural groups. Social changes from the 20th to the 21st century may have contributed to some of the similarities between mothers and fathers and across the nine countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susannah Zietz
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Suha M Al-Hassan
- Department of Special Education, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; UNICEF, New York, USA; and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sevtap Gurdal
- Centre for Child and Youth Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Qin Liu
- Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Qian Long
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, China
| | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Centre for Child and Youth Studies,University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
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Yeh ZT, Lin YC, Liu SI, Fang CK. Social Awareness and its Relationship with Emotion Recognition and Theory of Mind in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2017.36.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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