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Andrade JDS, Moreira EM, de Souza VL, Barbosa IP, Silva GM, Gomes LS, Silva SADS, Noleto GCS, da Silva RR, Londero US, Correa MN, Pfeifer LFM. Exploring uterine inflammation in postpartum primiparous precocious and conventional and multiparous Bos indicus beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14496. [PMID: 37888854 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the postpartum uterine dynamics of primiparous precocious (PP), primiparous conventional (PC) and multiparous conventional (MC) Bos indicus beef cows. For this purpose, PP (n = 8), PC (n = 18) and MC (n = 12) cows were enrolled in this study. These cows were evaluated at 20 and 10 days prepartum and weekly from parturition to 42 days postpartum (DPP). During this period, body weight (BW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, albumin and haptoglobin were measured. Proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes involved in uterine inflammation and uterine health were evaluated. The PP cows had lower (p < .05) BW and SFT than that for PC and MC cows during the study period. The serum concentration of albumin after 35 DPP was lower (p < .05) in PP cows. The PP cows had the highest proportion of PMN on 28 and 35 DPP compared to PC and MC cows. The relative mRNA abundance of IL-1β and IL-8 increased after 21 DPP in PP cows compared to the other groups. The PC had the highest, MC had an intermediate, and PP cows had the lowest relative abundance of IL10 mRNA. Overall, these findings indicated that uterine inflammation was more pronounced in PP cows. Moreover, based on the proportion of PMN and abundance of transcripts associated with inflammation in the uterus, PP cows may require a longer period to recover their uterine health after calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Souza Andrade
- Bionorte, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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Carvalho FE, Ferraz JBS, Pedrosa VB, Matos EC, Eler JP, Silva MR, Guimarães JD, Bussiman FO, Silva BCA, Cançado FA, Mulim HA, Espigolan R, Brito LF. Genetic parameters for various semen production and quality traits and indicators of male and female reproductive performance in Nellore cattle. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:150. [PMID: 36973650 PMCID: PMC10044441 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the economic relevance of fertility and reproductive traits for the beef cattle industry, investigating their genetic background and developing effective breeding strategies are paramount. Considering their late and sex-dependent phenotypic expression, genomic information can contribute to speed up the rates of genetic progress per year. In this context, the main objectives of this study were to estimate variance components and genetic parameters, including heritability and genetic correlations, for fertility, female precocity, and semen production and quality (andrological attributes) traits in Nellore cattle incorporating genomic information. RESULTS The heritability estimates of semen quality traits were low-to-moderate, while moderate-to-high estimates were observed for semen morphological traits. The heritability of semen defects ranged from low (0.04 for minor semen defects) to moderate (0.30 for total semen defects). For seminal aspect (SMN_ASPC) and bull reproductive fitness (BULL_FIT), low (0.19) and high (0.69) heritabilities were observed, respectively. The heritability estimates for female reproductive traits ranged from 0.16 to 0.39 for rebreeding of precocious females (REBA) and probability of pregnancy at 14 months (PP14), respectively. Semen quality traits were highly genetically correlated among themselves. Moderate-to-high genetic correlations were observed between the ability to remain productive in the herd until four years of age (stayability; STAY) and the other reproductive traits, indicating that selection for female reproductive performance will indirectly contribute to increasing fertility rates. High genetic correlations between BULL_FIT and female reproductive traits related to precocity (REBA and PP14) and STAY were observed. The genetic correlations between semen quality and spermatic morphology with female reproductive traits ranged from -0.22 (REBA and scrotal circumference) to 0.48 (REBA and sperm vigor). In addition, the genetic correlations between REBA with semen quality traits ranged from -0.23 to 0.48, and with the spermatic morphology traits it ranged from -0.22 to 0.19. CONCLUSIONS All male and female fertility and reproduction traits evaluated are heritable and can be improved through direct genetic or genomic selection. Selection for better sperm quality will positively influence the fertility and precocity of Nellore females. The findings of this study will serve as background information for designing breeding programs for genetically improving semen production and quality and reproductive performance in Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - José Bento S Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor B Pedrosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Elisangela C Matos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanir P Eler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio R Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - José D Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando O Bussiman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Barbara C A Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Cançado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique A Mulim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Fernandes Júnior GA, Silva DA, Mota LFM, de Melo TP, Fonseca LFS, Silva DBDS, Carvalheiro R, Albuquerque LG. Sustainable Intensification of Beef Production in the Tropics: The Role of Genetically Improving Sexual Precocity of Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:174. [PMID: 35049797 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tropical pasture-based beef production systems play a vital role in global food security. The importance of promoting sustainable intensification of such systems has been debated worldwide. Demand for beef is growing together with concerns over the impact of its production on the environment. Implementing sustainable livestock intensification programs relies on animal genetic improvement. In tropical areas, the lack of sexual precocity is a bottleneck for cattle efficiency, directly impacting the sustainability of production systems. In the present review we present and discuss the state of the art of genetic evaluation for sexual precocity in Bos indicus beef cattle, covering the definition of measurable traits, genetic parameter estimates, genomic analyses, and a case study of selection for sexual precocity in Nellore breeding programs. Abstract Increasing productivity through continued animal genetic improvement is a crucial part of implementing sustainable livestock intensification programs. In Zebu cattle, the lack of sexual precocity is one of the main obstacles to improving beef production efficiency. Puberty-related traits are complex, but large-scale data sets from different “omics” have provided information on specific genes and biological processes with major effects on the expression of such traits, which can greatly increase animal genetic evaluation. In addition, genetic parameter estimates and genomic predictions involving sexual precocity indicator traits and productive, reproductive, and feed-efficiency related traits highlighted the feasibility and importance of direct selection for anticipating heifer reproductive life. Indeed, the case study of selection for sexual precocity in Nellore breeding programs presented here show that, in 12 years of selection for female early precocity and improved management practices, the phenotypic means of age at first calving showed a strong decreasing trend, changing from nearly 34 to less than 28 months, with a genetic trend of almost −2 days/year. In this period, the percentage of early pregnancy in the herds changed from around 10% to more than 60%, showing that the genetic improvement of heifer’s sexual precocity allows optimizing the productive cycle by reducing the number of unproductive animals in the herd. It has a direct impact on sustainability by better use of resources. Genomic selection breeding programs accounting for genotype by environment interaction represent promising tools for accelerating genetic progress for sexual precocity in tropical beef cattle.
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Shin S, Lee J, Do C. Genetic relationship of age at first calving with conformation traits and calving interval in Hanwoo cows. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:740-750. [PMID: 34447951 PMCID: PMC8367412 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate genetic relationship of age at first calving (AFC) with body development and reproduction capacity in female Hanwoo. The data sets of 52,299 reproduction records of 19,566 heads calved from 2011 to 2019 and conformation records of 19565 heads born from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed by separating them based on age at first calving. In the analysis, conformation traits included the body condition score (BCS), height (HT), body width (BW), hip bone length (HL), hip bone width (HW), and final score (FS). The heritability and genetic correlation of AFC with conformation traits and calving interval (CI) were analyzed. The heritability for AFC was 0.716, 0.087, and 0.097 for the before and after 24 months and combined data, respectively. The genetic correlation of AFC before 24 months with BCS was -0.778, -0.600 with BW, and 0.442 with HT. The genetic correlation of AFC after 24 months with HT was -0.826, -0.706 with BW, -0.623 with HL, -0.456 with HW, and -0.675 with FS. When the first calving age of young heifers approached 24 months, BCS and BW decreased, and HT increased. When first calving is delayed to after 24 months, the conformation traits become smaller, which indicates that conformation to some extent affects the delay in AFC. The genetic correlation between CI and AFC was -0.116, 0.307, and 0.250 for the before and after 24 month of AFC and combined data, respectively. When first calving date approached 24 months, CI was reduced. The obtained results suggest that it is important that first calving occurs at an appropriate age. Additional research is needed to perform proper genetic evaluation of first calving age in Hanwoo cattle in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungGyu Shin
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - JungJae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chungang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - ChangHee Do
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Martinez-Boggio G, Lema M, Aguilar I, Gimeno D, Ravagnolo O. Reproductive performance of Angus, Hereford, Salers and Nellore crossbred females: Additive and non-additive effects. J Anim Breed Genet 2021; 138:688-697. [PMID: 34003536 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive traits in breeding herds can be improved through crossbreeding, which results in breed differences, heterosis and breed complementarity. The aim of this study was to estimate group additive genetic and dominance effects for three reproductive traits; probability of artificial insemination (AIP); calving success (CS); and days to calving (DC) for Hereford (H), Angus (A), Nellore (N) and Salers (S) breeds under grazing conditions. Data were obtained from an experiment carried out during 1992-2002 by the Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Uruguay and Caja Notarial de Seguridad Social. The data set contained reproductive information of 1,164 females from 11 different genetic groups (GG) consisting of crosses between H, N, S and A. AIP, CS and DC were examined in first-calf heifers, while CS and DC were examined in second-calf and 3- to 7-year-old cows. Least square means for each GG and group additive genetic and dominance effects were estimated for each trait. F1 crossbreed females performed better for artificial insemination probability than purebred females. Crossbred A/H heifers had the highest AIPs and CS rates, while crossbred N/H 3- to 7-year-old cows recorded the highest averages for CS and DC. Estimates of group additive genetic effects did not differ amongst A, S, N and H; however, dominance increased the AIP and CS of the heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martinez-Boggio
- Programa Producción Carne y Lana, Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Mario Lema
- Programa Producción Carne y Lana, Estación Experimental INIA Treinta y Tres, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Aguilar
- Programa Producción Carne y Lana, Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Diego Gimeno
- Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olga Ravagnolo
- Programa Producción Carne y Lana, Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Canelones, Uruguay
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da Silva Neto JB, Peripolli E, da Costa e Silva EV, Espigolan R, Neira JDR, Schettini G, da Costa Filho LCC, Barbosa FB, Macedo GG, Costa-brunes L, Lobo RB, Pereira ASC, Baldi F. Genetic correlation estimates between age at puberty and growth, reproductive, and carcass traits in young Nelore bulls. Livest Sci 2020; 241:104266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Seneda MM, Morotti F, Zangirolamo AF, da Silva NC, Sanches TK, Blaschi W, Barreiros TRR. Antral follicle population in prepubertal and pubertal heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:10-16. [PMID: 32188538 DOI: 10.1071/rd18344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The antral follicle count (AFC) is an important tool in the selection of bovine females destined for biotechnology. However, little is known about AFC in prepubertal and pubertal heifers. Some challenges inherent to the physiology of young females must be considered to achieve efficient rates with different procedures, such as ovum pick-up and IVF. This paper covers some important topics about ovarian physiology related to the population of antral follicles and reproductive efficiency in young female cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Seneda
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias - Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - F Morotti
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias - Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - A F Zangirolamo
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias - Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - N C da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias - Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - T K Sanches
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias - Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - W Blaschi
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Veterinária e Produção Animal, Rodovia BR - 369, Km 54, Vila Maria, Bandeirantes, Parana 86360-000, Brazil
| | - T R R Barreiros
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Veterinária e Produção Animal, Rodovia BR - 369, Km 54, Vila Maria, Bandeirantes, Parana 86360-000, Brazil
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Bonamy M, Kluska S, Peripolli E, de Lemos MVA, Amorim ST, Vaca RJ, Lôbo RB, de Castro LM, de Faria CU, Borba Ferrari F, Baldi F. Genetic association between different criteria to define sexual precocious heifers with growth, carcass, reproductive and feed efficiency indicator traits in Nellore cattle using genomic information. J Anim Breed Genet 2018; 136:15-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bonamy
- Departamento de Producción Animal; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dolout” (IGEVET); Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET; La Plata Argentina
| | - Sabrina Kluska
- Departamento de Zootecnia; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias; UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- Departamento de Zootecnia; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias; UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Antunes de Lemos
- Departamento de Zootecnia; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias; UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - Sabrina Thaise Amorim
- Departamento de Zootecnia; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias; UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - Roberto Jose Vaca
- Departamento de Producción Animal; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | | | | | - Carina Ubirajara de Faria
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FAMEV); Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Uberlândia MG Brasil
| | - Fabio Borba Ferrari
- Departamento de Zootecnia; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias; UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias; UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho; Jaboticabal Brazil
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Abstract
Background The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is an emerging determiner of phenotypic traits and disease. mtDNA is inherited in a strict maternal fashion from the population of mitochondria present in the egg at fertilisation. Individuals are assigned to mtDNA haplotypes and those with sequences that cluster closely have common origins and their migration patterns can be mapped. Previously, we identified five mtDNA haplotypes in the commercial breeding lines of Australian pigs, which defined their common origins, and showed how these mtDNA haplotypes influenced litter size and reproductive function in terms of egg and embryo quality and fertilisation efficiency. Results We have determined whether mtDNA haplotypes influence other phenotypic traits. These include fat density; muscle depth; fat to leanness ratios; lifetime daily gain; teat quality; muscle score; front and rear leg assessments; percentage offspring weaned; weaning to oestrus intervals; gilt age at selection; and gestational length. In all, we assessed 5687 pigs of which 2762 were females and 2925 were males. We assessed all animals together and then by gender. We further assessed by gender based on whether a sire had joined with females from only one haplotype or from more than one haplotype. We determined that fat density, muscle depth, fat to leanness ratios, lifetime daily gain and teat quality were influenced by mtDNA haplotype and that there were gender specific effects on teat quality. Conclusions Our data illustrate that mtDNA haplotypes are associated with a number of important phenotypic traits indicative of economic breeding values in breeding pigs with gender-specific differences. Interestingly, there are ‘trade offs’ whereby some mtDNA haplotypes perform better for one selection criterion, such as muscle depth, but less so for another, for example teat quality, indicating that pig mtDNA haplotypes are afforded an advantage in one respect but a disadvantage in another. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0629-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C St John
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
| | - Te-Sha Tsai
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
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Abreu Silva B, Eler J, Santana M, Mattos E, Menezes I, Ferraz J. Genetic association between mature weight and early growth and heifer pregnancy traits in Nellore cattle. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ferraz M, Pires A, Santos M, Silva R, Oliveira G, Polizel D, Biehl M, Sartori R, Nogueira G. A combination of nutrition and genetics is able to reduce age at puberty in Nelore heifers to below 18 months. Animal 2018; 12:569-74. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Júnior GAO, Perez BC, Cole JB, Santana MHA, Silveira J, Mazzoni G, Ventura RV, Júnior MLS, Kadarmideen HN, Garrick DJ, Ferraz JBS. Genomic study and Medical Subject Headings enrichment analysis of early pregnancy rate and antral follicle numbers in Nelore heifers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4796-4812. [PMID: 29293733 PMCID: PMC6292327 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebu animals () are known to take longer to reach puberty compared with taurine animals (), limiting the supply of animals for harvest or breeding and impacting profitability. Genomic information can be a helpful tool to better understand complex traits and improve genetic gains. In this study, we performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with reproductive traits in Nelore beef cattle. Heifer pregnancy (HP) was recorded for 1,267 genotyped animals distributed in 12 contemporary groups (CG) with an average pregnancy rate of 0.35 (±0.01). Disregarding one of these CG, the number of antral follicles (NF) was also collected for 937 of these animals, with an average of 11.53 (±4.43). The animals were organized in CG: 12 and 11 for HP and NF, respectively. Genes in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the associated variants can be considered in a functional enrichment analysis to identify biological mechanisms involved in fertility. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were detected using the MESHR package, allowing the extraction of broad meanings from the gene lists provided by the GWAS. The estimated heritability for HP was 0.28 ± 0.07 and for NF was 0.49 ± 0.09, with the genomic correlation being -0.21 ± 0.29. The average LD between adjacent markers was 0.23 ± 0.01, and GWAS identified genomic windows that accounted for >1% of total genetic variance on chromosomes 5, 14, and 18 for HP and on chromosomes 2, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 22 for NF. The MeSH enrichment analyses revealed significant ( < 0.05) terms associated with HP-"Munc18 Proteins," "Fucose," and "Hemoglobins"-and with NF-"Cathepsin B," "Receptors, Neuropeptide," and "Palmitic Acid." This is the first study in Nelore cattle introducing the concept of MeSH analysis. The genomic analyses contributed to a better understanding of the genetic control of the reproductive traits HP and NF and provide new selection strategies to improve beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. C. Perez
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - J. B. Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | | | - J. Silveira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Systems Genomics, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. V. Ventura
- Beef Improvement Opportunities, Guelph, ON N1K1E5, Canada
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | | | - H. N. Kadarmideen
- Section of Systems Genomics, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Lee WT, Sun X, Tsai TS, Johnson JL, Gould JA, Garama DJ, Gough DJ, McKenzie M, Trounce IA, St John JC. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes induce differential patterns of DNA methylation that result in differential chromosomal gene expression patterns. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17062. [PMID: 28900542 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number is strictly regulated during development as naive cells differentiate into mature cells to ensure that specific cell types have sufficient copies of mitochondrial DNA to perform their specialised functions. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are defined as specific regions of mitochondrial DNA that cluster with other mitochondrial sequences to show the phylogenetic origins of maternal lineages. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes are associated with a range of phenotypes and disease. To understand how mitochondrial DNA haplotypes induce these characteristics, we used four embryonic stem cell lines that have the same set of chromosomes but possess different mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. We show that mitochondrial DNA haplotypes influence changes in chromosomal gene expression and affinity for nuclear-encoded mitochondrial DNA replication factors to modulate mitochondrial DNA copy number, two events that act synchronously during differentiation. Global DNA methylation analysis showed that each haplotype induces distinct DNA methylation patterns, which, when modulated by DNA demethylation agents, resulted in skewed gene expression patterns that highlight the effectiveness of the new DNA methylation patterns established by each haplotype. The haplotypes differentially regulate α-ketoglutarate, a metabolite from the TCA cycle that modulates the TET family of proteins, which catalyse the transition from 5-methylcytosine, indicative of DNA methylation, to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, indicative of DNA demethylation. Our outcomes show that mitochondrial DNA haplotypes differentially modulate chromosomal gene expression patterns of naive and differentiating cells by establishing mitochondrial DNA haplotype-specific DNA methylation patterns.
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de Oliveira LT, Bonafé CM, Fonseca e Silva F, Ventura HT, de Oliveira HR, de Oliveira Menezes GR, Vilela de Resende MD, Viana JMS. Bayesian random regression threshold models for genetic evaluation of pregnancy probability in Red Sindhi heifers. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nepomuceno DD, Pires AV, Ferraz MV, Biehl MV, Gonçalves JR, Moreira EM, Day ML. Effect of pre-partum dam supplementation, creep-feeding and post-weaning feedlot on age at puberty in Nellore heifers. Livest Sci 2017; 195:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Regatieri IC, Boligon AA, Costa RB, de Souza FRP, Baldi F, Takada L, Venturini GC, de Camargo GMF, Fernandes GA, Tonhati H, de Oliveira HN, de Albuquerque LG. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and sexual precocity in Nellore heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 177:88-96. [PMID: 28011117 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the extent (r2) of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome of Nellore cattle, and to examine associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and age at first calving (AFC) and early pregnancy (EP) using a panel of high-density SNPs and data from 1182 Nellore females. A total of 13 contemporary groups (CG) were used consisting of farm, season, and year of birth. For genome-wide association analysis, SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF)<0.05 and animals with a call rate<0.90 were excluded, totaling 431,885 SNPs. For statistical analysis, a linear model was used for AFC and a threshold model for EP. To estimate the significance of the associations for the two traits, the model included the categorical fixed effects of CG, SNPs, and sire. In addition, the polygenic effect was included in the analysis. The additive effects and dominance deviations of Bonferroni-adjusted significant SNPs for AFC and EP were estimated using orthogonal contrasts. The average estimate of r2 for all autosomes was 0.18 at a distance of 4.8kb and the mean MAF was 0.25±0.13. The LD decreased as the distance between markers increased: 0.35 (1kb) to 0.12 (100kb). Eleven significant associations were detected in seven different chromosomes. Seven SNPs were associated with AFC and four were associated with EP. Three SNPs were significant for both traits. The identification of SNPs associated with AFC and EP may contribute for selecting sexually precocious animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaê Cristina Regatieri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Bermal Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Ricardo Pablos de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Ecology, Zoology and Genetics, Capão do Leão Campus, Institute of Biology - IB, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Takada
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Costa Venturini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Gerardo Alves Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Humberto Tonhati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Garcia DA, Rosa GJM, Valente BD, Carvalheiro R, Albuquerque LG. Comparison of models for the genetic evaluation of reproductive traits with censored data in Nellore cattle1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2297-306. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fernandes PB, Marques KO, de Araujo Neto FR, de Oliveira DP, Hurtado-Lugo NA, Aspilcueta-Borquis RR, Tonhati H. Genetic-Quantitative Study of the First-Service Pregnancy Probability of Murrah Heifers. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:428-34. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PB Fernandes
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology Goiano - Campus Rio Verde; Rio Verde GO Brazil
| | - KO Marques
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology Goiano - Campus Rio Verde; Rio Verde GO Brazil
| | - FR de Araujo Neto
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology Goiano - Campus Rio Verde; Rio Verde GO Brazil
| | - DP de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science; São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP); Jaboticabal GO Brazil
| | - NA Hurtado-Lugo
- Department of Animal Science; São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP); Jaboticabal GO Brazil
| | - RR Aspilcueta-Borquis
- Agrarian Science College; Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD); Dourados GO Brazil
| | - H Tonhati
- Department of Animal Science; São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP); Jaboticabal GO Brazil
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Sá Filho M, Nasser L, Penteado L, Prestes R, Marques M, Freitas B, Monteiro B, Ferreira R, Gimenes L, Baruselli P. Impact of progesterone and estradiol treatment before the onset of the breeding period on reproductive performance of Bos indicus beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 160:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Terakado APN, Boligon AA, Baldi F, Silva JAIIV, Albuquerque LG. Genetic associations between scrotal circumference and female reproductive traits in Nelore cattle1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2706-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santana ML, Eler JP, Bignardi AB, Ferraz JBS. Two-trait random regression model to estimate the genetic association of scrotal circumference with female reproductive performance in Nelore cattle. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1534-40. [PMID: 25747195 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to determine when scrotal circumference (SC) could be a reasonable indicator of female reproductive performance, a series of two-trait random regression model (regression for SC on age at measurement) using Gibbs sampling was applied to field data of Nelore cattle raised in a tropical environment. The female traits evaluated were age at first calving (AFC), first calving interval (FCI), heifer pregnancy (HP), and stayability (STAY). The posterior means of heritability of female traits ranged from 0.15 for AFC to 0.46 for HP and were about 0.50 for SC. The posterior means of genetic correlations between SC and AFC, FCI, HP, STAY were up to -0.70, -0.25, 0.48, and 0.29, respectively. Genetically, SC could be a reasonable indicator of female puberty (e.g., HP) as long as it is measured at a young age (400-440 days). However, for female reproductive traits measured at an older age (e.g., STAY), SC is merely a modest or even poor indicator. The use of sire expected progeny differences for female reproductive traits will be more effective than the use of expected progeny differences for SC to improve the reproductive performance of female cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Santana
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - J P Eler
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia (GMAB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A B Bignardi
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - J B S Ferraz
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia (GMAB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Valente TS, Sant'Anna AC, Baldi F, Albuquerque LG, da Costa MJ. Genetic association between temperament and sexual precocity indicator traits in Nellore cattle. J Appl Genet 2015; 56:349-54. [PMID: 25472773 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic associations between temperament and sexual precocity indicators in Nellore cattle. Temperament was evaluated at approximately 550 days of age, using three traits: i) movement score (MOV), recording the animals' movement inside the crush; ii) temperament score (TS) for assessing the reactions of animals in a corral pen; and iii) flight speed test (FS), recording the speed (in m/s) at which the animals exit the crush after being weighed. Three sexual precocity indicators were used: i) age at first calving (AFC, in days); ii) occurrence of precocious pregnancy (OPP, as a binary trait); and iii) yearling scrotal circumference (SC, in cm). The (co)variance and genetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian Inference via Gibbs sampling, assuming a linear animal model for FS, AFC and SC and a threshold animal model for MOV, TS and OPP in multitrait analyses. The mean posterior heritability estimates for MOV, FS, TS, AFC, OPP and SC were 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.27 ± 0.07, 0.16 ± 0.09, 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.44 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.02, respectively. The mean posterior correlation estimates were: 0.13 ± 0.14 (MOV-AFC), -0.03 ± 0.16 (MOV-OPP), 0.08 ± 0.10 (MOV-SC), 0.14 ± 0.11 (FS-AFC), -0.19 ± 0.15 (FS-OPP), -0.07 ± 0.08 (FS-SC), 0.09 ± 0.09 (TS-AFC), -0.03 ± 0.09 (TS-OPP) and -0.28 ± 0.08 (TS-SC). These results indicate that all the traits had sufficient genetic variability to respond to selection. The low magnitude of the genetic correlations indicated that selection for improvements in sexual precocity would not change the temperament of Nellore cattle. In order to obtain genetic progress in cattle temperament, direct selection for these traits is recommended.
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Stockton MC, Wilson RK, Feuz DM, Stalker LA, Funston RN. Bioeconomic factors of beef heifer maturity to consider when establishing criteria to optimally select and/or retain herd replacements. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4733-40. [PMID: 25149330 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology of heifer maturity and its relationship to calving difficulty and subsequent breeding success is a vital step in building a bioeconomic model to identify optimal production and profitability. A limited dependent variable probit model is used to quantify the responses among heifer maturities, measured by a maturity index (MI), on dystocia and second pregnancy. The MI account for heifer age, birth BW, prebreeding BW, nutrition level, and dam size and age and is found to be inversely related to dystocia occurrence. On average there is a 2.2% increase in the probability of dystocia with every 1 point drop in the MI between the MI scores of 50 and 70. Statistically, MI does not directly alter second pregnancy rate; however, dystocia does. The presence of dystocia reduced second pregnancy rates by 10.67%. Using the probability of dystocia predicted from the MI in the sample, it is found that on average, every 1 point increase in MI added 0.62% to the probability of the occurrence of second pregnancy over the range represented by the data. Relationships among MI, dystocia, and second pregnancy are nonlinear and exhibit diminishing marginal effects. These relationships indicate optimal production and profitability occur at varying maturities, which are altered by animal type, economic environment, production system, and management regime. With these captured relationships, any single group of heifers may be ranked by profitability given their physical characteristics and the applicable production, management, and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Stockton
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
| | - R K Wilson
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agricultural Economics, Lincoln 68583
| | - D M Feuz
- Utah State University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Logan 84322
| | - L A Stalker
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
| | - R N Funston
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
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Eler JP, Bignardi AB, Ferraz JBS, Santana ML. Genetic relationships among traits related to reproduction and growth of Nelore females. Theriogenology 2014; 82:708-14. [PMID: 25023297 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study presented here was to analyze the genetic relationships among heifer pregnancy (HP), age at first calving (AFC), stayability (STAY), average annual productivity of the cow, in kilograms of weaned calf per cow per year (PRODAM), postweaning weight gain (PWG), and hip height (HH) of Nelore females from 12 Brazilian herds. (Co)variance components were obtained by six-trait animal model using Gibbs sampling. The posterior mean of the heritability estimates were 0.37, 0.18, 0.19, 0.16, 0.21, and 0.37 for HP, AFC, STAY, PRODAM, PWG, and HH, respectively. In general, the genetic correlations were strong between traits related to reproduction, for example, -0.85 between HP and AFC, and 0.94 between STAY and PRODAM. Weak genetic correlations were obtained between reproductive and growth traits (absolute values ranging from 0.02 to 0.30). Although weak, the genetic correlations between PWG and reproductive traits were favorable, whereas the genetic correlations between HH and reproductive traits were close to zero and slightly unfavorable for HP, AFC, and STAY. An increase of HH is therefore expected to have little or no negative effect on the reproductive performance of females. The posterior mean of genetic correlation between PWG and HH was moderate (0.50). On the basis of the heritability, genetic correlation estimates, and time to obtain data, HP and PRODAM seems to show the best potential as selection criteria to improve the productive and reproductive performance of Nelore females. In principle, it is possible to select for increased PWG without compromising the reproduction of Nelore females. However, selection for PWG may result in an increase of female HH as a correlated response, a fact that could increase management costs in advanced generations of selection. In the light of the results, all traits studied here can be used as selection criteria and there is no strong evidence of genetic antagonism among traits related to reproduction and growth of Nelore females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Eler
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia (GMAB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A B Bignardi
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - J B S Ferraz
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia (GMAB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M L Santana
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
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Tshuma T, Holm DE, Fosgate GT, Lourens DC. Pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen concentration and reproductive performance of Bonsmara heifers within different management systems. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1023-30. [PMID: 24817422 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and reproductive performance of beef heifers within different management systems in South Africa. Bonsmara heifers (n = 369) from five herds with different estimated levels of nitrogen intake during the month prior to the commencement of the breeding season were sampled in November and December 2010 to determine BUN concentrations. Body mass, age, body condition score (BCS) and reproductive tract score (RTS) were recorded at study enrolment. Trans-rectal ultrasound and/or palpation was performed 4-8 weeks after a 3-month breeding season to estimate the stage of pregnancy. Days to pregnancy (DTP) was defined as the number of days from the start of the breeding season until the estimated conception date. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis were performed to estimate the association of pre-breeding BUN concentration with subsequent pregnancy and DTP, respectively. After stratifying for herd and adjusting for age, heifers with relatively higher pre-breeding BUN concentration took longer to become pregnant when compared to those with relatively lower BUN concentration (P = 0.011). In the herd with the highest estimated nitrogen intake (n = 143), heifers with relatively higher BUN were less likely to become pregnant (P = 0.013) and if they did, it was only later during the breeding season (P = 0.017), after adjusting for body mass. These associations were not present in the herd (n = 106) with the lowest estimated nitrogen intake (P > 0.500). It is concluded that Bonsmara heifers with relatively higher pre-breeding BUN concentration, might be at a disadvantage because of this negative impact on reproductive performance, particularly when the production system includes high levels of nitrogen intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takula Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa,
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Day
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Stockton MC, Wilson RK, Feuz DM, Stalker LA, Funston RN. Using measurable physical characteristics to forecast beef heifer maturity: The identification of a maturity index. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4462-8. [PMID: 23825325 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Stockton
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
| | - R. K. Wilson
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
| | | | - L. A. Stalker
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
| | - R. N. Funston
- University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte 69101
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Monteiro F, Mercadante M, Barros C, Satrapa R, Silva J, Oliveira L, Saraiva N, Oliveira C, Garcia J. Reproductive tract development and puberty in two lines of Nellore heifers selected for postweaning weight. Theriogenology 2013; 80:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Santana M, Eler J, Cucco D, Bignardi A, Ferraz J. Genetic associations between hip height, body conformation scores, and pregnancy probability at 14 months in Nelore cattle. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rodrigues A, Peres R, Lemes A, Martins T, Pereira M, Day M, Vasconcelos J. Progesterone-based strategies to induce ovulation in prepubertal Nellore heifers. Theriogenology 2013; 79:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Martins J, Souza F, Ferreira M, Gonçalves P, Emerick L, Dias J, Leite T, Graça D, Andrade V, Vale Filho V. Desenvolvimento reprodutivo de tourinhos Gir selecionados para produção de leite. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O estudo visou identificar tourinhos Gir precoces e não precoces quanto à puberdade e avaliar diferenças durante seu desenvolvimento reprodutivo. Peso vivo e perímetro escrotal foram mensurados mensalmente junto com a coleta e a avaliação física e morfológica do sêmen de 16 animais, dos 13 aos 23 meses de idade. Animais precoces foram mais leves na pré-puberdade e apresentaram menores idades à puberdade e à maturidade sexual - 17,0 e 18,7 meses -, respectivamente, - em relação aos não precoces - 19,2 e 20,5 meses, respectivamente. A motilidade aumentou na pré-puberdade dois meses mais cedo nos animais precoces - 1,75% a 18,4% dos 14 aos 17 meses - em relação aos não precoces - 2,5% a 12,4% dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade. Registrou-se aumento mais cedo da concentração espermática em animais precoces, a qual foi maior - 660 milhões/mL - aos 23 meses em relação aos animais não precoces -66.7 milhões/mL. As diferenças observadas no desenvolvimento dos dois grupos foram favoráveis aos animais precoces e indicam que a seleção para a maturidade sexual precoce é indicada para a antecipação da fase reprodutiva de touros Gir.
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Júnior IC, Filho OS, Peres R, Aono F, Day M, Vasconcelos J. Reproductive performance of prepubertal Bos indicus heifers after progesterone-based treatments. Theriogenology 2010; 74:903-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Van Melis MH, Eler JP, Rosa GJM, Ferraz JBS, Figueiredo LGG, Mattos EC, Oliveira HN. Additive genetic relationships between scrotal circumference, heifer pregnancy, and stayability in Nellore cattle. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3809-13. [PMID: 20656970 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrotal circumference data from 47,605 Nellore young bulls, measured at around 18 mo of age (SC18), were analyzed simultaneously with 27,924 heifer pregnancy (HP) and 80,831 stayability (STAY) records to estimate their additive genetic relationships. Additionally, the possibility that economically relevant traits measured directly in females could replace SC18 as a selection criterion was verified. Heifer pregnancy was defined as the observation that a heifer conceived and remained pregnant, which was assessed by rectal palpation at 60 d. Females were exposed to sires for the first time at about 14 mo of age (between 11 and 16 mo). Stayability was defined as whether or not a cow calved every year up to 5 yr of age, when the opportunity to breed was provided. A Bayesian linear-threshold-threshold analysis via Gibbs sampler was used to estimate the variance and covariance components of the multitrait model. Heritability estimates were 0.42 ± 0.01, 0.53 ± 0.03, and 0.10 ± 0.01, for SC18, HP, and STAY, respectively. The genetic correlation estimates were 0.29 ± 0.05, 0.19 ± 0.05, and 0.64 ± 0.07 between SC18 and HP, SC18 and STAY, and HP and STAY, respectively. The residual correlation estimate between HP and STAY was -0.08 ± 0.03. The heritability values indicate the existence of considerable genetic variance for SC18 and HP traits. However, genetic correlations between SC18 and the female reproductive traits analyzed in the present study can only be considered moderate. The small residual correlation between HP and STAY suggests that environmental effects common to both traits are not major. The large heritability estimate for HP and the high genetic correlation between HP and STAY obtained in the present study confirm that EPD for HP can be used to select bulls for the production of precocious, fertile, and long-lived daughters. Moreover, SC18 could be incorporated in multitrait analysis to improve the prediction accuracy for HP genetic merit of young bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Van Melis
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 14884-900
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Van Melis M, Oliveira H, Eler J, Ferraz J, Casellas J, Varona L. Additive genetic relationship of longevity with fertility and production traits in Nellore cattle based on bivariate models. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:176-87. [DOI: 10.4238/vol9-1gmr710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shiotsuki L, Silva JAV, Tonhati H, Albuquerque LG. Genetic associations of sexual precocity with growth traits and visual scores of conformation, finishing, and muscling in Nelore cattle1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1591-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Van Melis MH, Eler JP, Oliveira HN, Rosa GJM, Silva JAV, Ferraz JBS, Pereira E. Study of stayability in Nellore cows using a threshold model1. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:1780-6. [PMID: 17371792 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to assess the feasibility of using stayability traits to improve fertility of Nellore cows and to examine the genetic relationship among the stayabilities at different ages. Stayability was defined as whether a cow calved every year up to the age of 5 (Stay5), 6 (Stay6), or 7 (Stay7) yr of age or more, given that she was provided the opportunity to breed. Data were analyzed based on a maximum a posteriori probit threshold model to predict breeding values on the liability scale, whereas the Gibbs sampler was used to estimate variance components. The EBV were obtained using all animals included in the pedigree or bulls with at least 10 daughters with stayability observations, and average genetic trends were obtained in the liability and transformed to the probability scale. Additional analyses were performed to study the genetic relationship among stayability traits, which were compared by contrasting results in terms of EBV and the average genetic superiority as a function of the selected proportion of sires. Heritability estimates and SD were 0.25 +/- 0.02, 0.22 +/- 0.03, and 0.28 +/- 0.03 for Stay5, Stay6, and Stay7, respectively. Average genetic trends, by year, were 0.51, 0.34, and 0.38% for Stay5, Stay6, and Stay7, respectively. Estimates of EBV SD, in the probability scale, for all animals included in the pedigree and for bulls with at least 10 daughters with stayability observations were 7.98 and 12.95, 6.93 and 11.38, and 8.24 and 14.30% for Stay5, Stay6, and Stay7, respectively. A reduction in the average genetic superiorities in Stay7 would be expected if the selection were based on Stay5 or Stay6. Nonetheless, the reduction in EPD, depending on selection intensity, is on average 0.74 and 1.55%, respectively. Regressions of the sires' EBV for Stay5 and Stay6 on the sires' EBV for Stay7 confirmed these results. The heritability and genetic trend estimates for all stayability traits indicate that it is possible to improve fertility with selection based on a threshold analysis of stayability. The SD of EBV for stayability traits show that there is adequate genetic variability among animals to justify inclusion of stayability as a selection criterion. The potential linear relationship among stayability traits indicates that selection for improved female traits would be more effective by having predictions on the Stay5 trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Van Melis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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Pereira E, Oliveira H, Eler J, Silva J, Van Melis M. Comparison among three approaches for evaluation of sexual precocity in Nellore cattle. Animal 2007; 1:411-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107392732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Guerra JLL, Franke DE, Blouin DC. Genetic parameters for calving rate and calf survival from linear, threshold, and logistic models in a multibreed beef cattle population1. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:3197-203. [PMID: 17093211 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized mixed linear, threshold, and logistic sire models and Markov chain, Monte Carlo simulation procedures were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving rate and calf survival in a multibreed beef cattle population. Data were obtained from a 5-generation rotational crossbreeding study involving Angus, Brahman, Charolais, and Hereford (1969 to 1995). Gelbvieh and Simmental bulls sired terminal-cross calves from a sample of generation 5 cows. A total of 1,458 cows sired by 158 bulls had a mean calving rate of 78% based on 4,808 calving records. Ninety-one percent of 5,015 calves sired by 260 bulls survived to weaning. Mean heritability estimates and standard deviations for daughter calving rate from posterior distributions were 0.063 +/- 0.024, 0.150 +/- 0.049, and 0.130 +/- 0.047 for linear, threshold, and logistic models, respectively. For calf survival, mean heritability estimates and standard deviations from posterior distributions were 0.049 +/- 0.022, 0.160 +/- 0.058, and 0.190 +/- 0.078 from linear, threshold, and logistic models, respectively. When transformed to an underlying normal scale, linear sire, mixed model, heritability estimates were similar to threshold and logistic sire mixed model estimates. Posterior density distributions of estimated heritabilities from all models were normal. Spearman rank correlations between sire EPD across statistical models were greater than 0.97 for daughter calving rate and for calf survival. Sire EPD had similar ranges across statistical models for daughter calving rate and for calf survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L L Guerra
- Departments of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Pereira E, de Oliveira HN, Eler JP, Silva JALDV, Van Melis MH. Use of survival analysis as a tool for the genetic improvement of age at first conception in Nellore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2006; 123:64-71. [PMID: 16420267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Restricted breeding seasons in beef cattle lead to censoring of reproductive data. In this paper, age at first conception (AFC) of Nellore females exposed to the sires for the first time between 11 and 16 months of age, was studied aiming to verify the possibility of genetically advance sexual precocity using a survival model. The final data set contained 6699 records of AFC in days. Records of females that did not calve in the next year following exposure to the sire were considered censored (77.5% of total). The model used was a Weibull mixed survival model including effects of contemporary groups, period (fixed) and animal (random). The effect of the contemporary groups on AFC was important (p < 0.01). Heritabilities were 0.51 and 0.76 in logarithmic and original scales respectively. Results indicate that it is possible to genetically advance sexual precocity, using the outcome of survival analysis of AFC as selection criterion. They also suggest that improvements of the environment could advance sexual precocity too, thus an adequate pregnancy rate for farmers could quickly be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinària e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Garnero ADV, Marcondes C, Bezerra L, Oliveira H, Lôbo R. Parâmetros genéticos da taxa de maturação e do peso assintótico de fêmeas da raça Nelore. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352005000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizaram-se 14.563 pesagens de 1158 fêmeas da raça Nelore, nascidas entre 1984 e 1995, pertencentes a 10 fazendas, distribuídas em sete estados do Brasil. Com o objetivo de estabelecer um padrão médio de crescimento, obter parâmetros individuais das curvas e estimar os componentes de variância, herdabilidade e correlações genéticas dos parâmetros das curvas, foram comparados os modelos de Von Bertalanffy, Brody, logístico e Gompertz. Foram utilizados o procedimento NLIN e o programa MTDFREML sob modelo animal em análise unicaráter e bicaráter. Os parâmetros médios dos pesos assintóticos (A) e das taxas de maturidade (K) foram: 515,06 e 0,071 para Von Bertalanffy; 552,77 e 0,045 para Brody; 501,11 e 0,097 para logístico, e 507,00 e 0,083 para Gompertz, respectivamente. As estimativas de herdabilidade para A e K foram de alta magnitude: 0,39 e 0,42 para Von Bertalanffy, 0,42 e 0,44 para Brody, 0,40 e 0,41 para logístico e 0,39 e 0,39 para Gompertz, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas variaram entre -0,69 e -0,49. Todos os modelos foram adequados para descrever o crescimento. A ordem de escolha do melhor modelo para descrever a curva de crescimento foi: Brody, Von Bertalanffy, logístico e Gompertz. Essas características seriam passíveis de inclusão em índice de seleção para seleção de fêmeas Nelore.
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Formigoni I, Ferraz J, Silva J, Eler J, Brumatti R. Valores econômicos para habilidade de permanência e probabilidade de prenhez aos 14 meses em bovinos de corte. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352005000800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimaram-se os valores econômicos para as características reprodutivas de probabilidade de prenhez aos 14 meses (PP14) e habilidade de permanência (HP). Foram simulados dados de uma propriedade pecuária de corte, especializada na fase de cria para aplicação de modelagem bioeconômica. A PP14 foi avaliada considerando taxas percentuais crescentes de prenhez de novilhas aos 14 meses de idade, e a HP foi avaliada a partir da diminuição da taxa de descarte de vacas. O valor econômico da PP14 foi estimado em R$695,97 por unidade percentual de prenhez de novilhas aos 14 meses, avaliada para o sistema produtivo, enquanto o valor econômico da HP variou em função do custo de compra da novilha de reposição. Os valores, avaliados por unidade percentual de diminuição na taxa de descarte de vacas, foram de R$-2.140,00, R$-140,00 e R$2.860,00 para o custo de compra da novilha de R$500,00, R$700,00 e R$1.000,00, respectivamente. Os valores econômicos negativos para HP indicaram que o valor de descarte da vaca superou o custo de compra da novilha. Quanto maior for o valor investido na reposição de novilhas maior será a importância econômica do HP.
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Eler JP, Silva JAV, Evans JL, Ferraz JBS, Dias F, Golden BL. Additive genetic relationships between heifer pregnancy and scrotal circumference in Nellore cattle1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:2519-27. [PMID: 15452919 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8292519x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate heritability (h2) for yearling heifer pregnancy and to estimate the genetic correlation between heifer pregnancy and scrotal circumference, 18,145 records of Nellore heifers exposed to breeding at an age of approximately 14 mo and 25,466 records of contemporary young bulls were analyzed. Heifer pregnancy was considered as a categorical trait, with the value 1 (success) assigned to heifers that were pregnant after rectal palpation approximately 60 d after the end of a 90-d breeding season and the value 0 (failure) otherwise. A single-trait animal model for heifer pregnancy and a two-trait animal model including heifer pregnancy and scrotal circumference were used. Contemporary groups were defined in two ways: including (CG2) or not including (CG1) weaning management of the heifer. Heritability estimates obtained by Method R in single-trait analyses were 0.68 +/- 0.09 and 0.61 +/- 0.10 using CG1 and CG2 definitions, respectively. Heritability estimates for two-trait analyses were 0.69 +/- 0.09 (CG1) and 0.63 +/- 0.08 (CG2) for heifer pregnancy and 0.57 +/- 0.03 (both CG) for scrotal circumference. The genetic correlation estimates between the two traits were 0.20 +/- 0.12 (CG1) and 0.20 +/- 0.13 (CG2). Based on the results of this study, EPD for heifer pregnancy can be used to select bulls for the production of precocious daughters and will be more effective than selecting on scrotal circumference EPD in Nellore cattle. However, scrotal circumference can be incorporated in a two-trait analysis to increase the accuracy of prediction for heifer pregnancy EPD for young bulls. Using contemporary group without heifer weaning management gave higher h2 and, for two-trait analysis, converged more quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Eler
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Cx. P. 23, 13635-970, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Puberty in Zebu heifers follows a pattern characterized by a decrease in the steroid feedback mechanism and an increase in LH concentration, which result in the first ovulation followed by a short estrous cycle and the onset of normal cycles thereafter. These events are similar to those observed in Bos taurus cattle but occur at a later age. The late onset of puberty is both genetic and environmental in origin and is reflected by the age at first calving that can be at 40 months of age or older in these animals. Age at puberty in Zebu heifers has been shown to have a high heritability. Consequently, selecting precocious heifers may be an effective means of reducing age at puberty in these animals and this approach is being adopted in commercial practice. Genetic selection is not the sole solution to the problem because environmental improvements are necessary, particularly in terms of improved nutrition. South American Zebu cattle are usually subject to sub-optimum nutritional and management conditions and, hence, exhibit late onset of puberty. Hybrids of Zebu and Bos taurus cattle exhibit heterosis in respect of the age of puberty with earlier onset than expected in crossbred animals. Recently, purebred South American Zebu cattle have been shown to have Bos taurus genes, indicating that there have been previous attempts to improve their productivity using this approach. It was concluded that the age at first calving in South American Zebu cattle can be reduced by exposing well-fed, yearling heifers to bulls and selecting, over several generations, those animals that become pregnant at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Nogueira
- UNESP-FOA-Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Laboratório de Endocrinologia, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, 16050-680 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Dias L, EL Faro L, Albuquerque L. Efeito da idade de exposição de novilhas à reprodução sobre estimativas de herdabilidade da idade ao primeiro parto em bovinos Nelore. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352004000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimou-se a herdabilidade da idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) a partir de quatro conjuntos com diferentes tipos de informação. A primeira estimativa (IPP1) foi realizada com as novilhas (n= 6.222) expostas apenas na estação "normal", ou seja, aos 24 meses de idade. No segundo conjunto (IPP2), fizeram parte do arquivo todas as fêmeas (n= 15.746) com informação da IPP. No terceiro (IPP3), estimou-se a herdabilidade de um grupo mais restrito de novilhas (n= 9.524), as quais tiveram manejo diferenciado na fazenda; todas as fêmeas pertencentes a este grupo foram expostas mais cedo à reprodução, aproximadamente 18 meses de idade (estação de monta "antecipada"). Para o quarto grupo (IPP4), usou-se o arquivo completo de dados, ou seja, os registros de todas as fêmeas nascidas no rebanho (n= 40.954). Foram considerados no modelo o efeito aleatório de animal e os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo e os efeitos linear e quadrático de idade da mãe ao parto. As herdabilidades estimadas para IPP1, IPP2, IPP3 e IPP4 foram, respectivamente, 0,00; 0,11; 0,20 e 0,36.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. EL Faro
- Instituto de Zootecnia de Ribeirão Preto
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