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Almeida KC, Bignardi AB, Mercadante MEZ, El Faro L, Cyrillo JNSG, Boligon AA, Carvalheiro R, Pereira RJ, Santana ML. Longitudinal genetic dynamics of weaning index and implications for cow-calf production efficiency. Animal 2024; 18:101064. [PMID: 38232659 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In beef cattle, the selection for higher weights at young ages has been questioned with the argument that this criterion may increase the adult weight of cows, resulting in higher costs. Therefore, selection criteria should be employed to increase weights at young ages with minimal impact on the adult weight of cows. Additionally, the relationship between measures of cow production efficiency and other well-established selection criteria in breeding programs remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to longitudinally evaluate the relationship between the weaning index (WIndex) as a measure of efficiency and growth traits of the cows. Possible changes over time in WIndex due to selection applied for yearling weight (YW) were also investigated. The WIndex was proposed to maximize genetic response in the weaning weight of the calf while maintaining genetic gain in BW of the cow at zero. A random regression model was adopted to estimate correlations between WIndex, BW, hip height (HH), and body condition score (BCS) using records of Nelore cows from three lines. Genetic trends were calculated for the control line (NeC) and lines selected for greater YW (NeS and NeT). The age of 3 years was the most critical for the weaning efficiency of the cows. At this stage, young cows are still growing and wean lighter calves than their adult counterparts. The genetic correlation estimates between WIndex and BW (-0.58 to 0.04), HH (-0.05 to -0.34), and BCS (-0.51 to -0.17) were close to zero or negative. BW and HH were strongly correlated genetically across all ages (0.73-0.76). In general, HH exhibited a weak and negative genetic relationship with BCS. The genetic correlation between BW and BCS was stronger for advanced ages (0.45-0.68). In lines selected for YW, important increases in WIndex were observed. However, NeS has been selected since the 1980s until the present for YW, and thus, it showed a more pronounced trend of increasing BW and, consequently, a more modest trend of increasing WIndex compared to NeT. In contrast, WIndex exhibited a trend close to zero for NeC. In this context, monitoring HH and BCS can be useful to avoid losses in the weaning efficiency of cows. Furthermore, we suggest that one way to mitigate efficiency losses in calf production could involve stabilizing the BW of cows and increasing the weaning weight of calves using the WIndex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Almeida
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), 78736-900 Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - A B Bignardi
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), 78736-900 Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - M E Z Mercadante
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Centro Avançado de Pesquisa de Bovinos de Corte, CP 63, 14160-900 Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - L El Faro
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Centro Avançado de Pesquisa de Bovinos de Corte, CP 63, 14160-900 Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - J N S G Cyrillo
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Centro Avançado de Pesquisa de Bovinos de Corte, CP 63, 14160-900 Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - A A Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, s/n, 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - R Carvalheiro
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Castray Esplanade, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - R J Pereira
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), 78736-900 Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - M L Santana
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), 78736-900 Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
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da Silveira DD, Schmidt PI, Campos GS, de Vargas L, de Souza FRP, Roso VM, Boligon AA. Genetic analysis of growth, visual scores, height, and carcass traits in Nelore cattle. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13611. [PMID: 34431165 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covariance components were estimated for growth traits (BW, birth weight; WW, weaning weight; YW, yearling weight), visual scores (BQ, breed quality; CS, conformation; MS, muscling; NS, navel; PS, finishing precocity), hip height (HH), and carcass traits (BF, backfat thickness; LMA, longissimus muscle area) measured at yearling. Genetic gains were obtained and validation models on direct and maternal effects for BW and WW were fitted. Genetic correlations of growth traits with CS, PS, MS, and HH ranged from 0.20 ± 0.01 to 0.94 ± 0.01 and were positive and low with NS (0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.20 ± 0.01) and favorable with BQ (0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.37 ± 0.02). Null to moderate genetic correlations were obtained between growth and carcass traits. Genetic gains were positive and significant, except for BW. An increase of 0.76 and 0.72 kg is expected for BW and WW, respectively, per unit increase in estimated breeding value (EBV) for direct effect and an additional 0.74 and 1.43, respectively, kg per unit increase in EBV for the maternal effect. Monitoring genetic gains for HH and NS is relevant to maintain an adequate body size and a navel morphological correction, if necessary. Simultaneous selection for growth, morphological, and carcass traits in line with improve maternal performance is a feasible strategy to increase herd productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas de Vargas
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
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Silveira DDD, Tineo JSA, Schmidt PI, Campos GS, Souza FRPD, Roso VM, Boligon AA. Hair coat score in Angus cattle: Comparison of linear and threshold models, genetic gain and correlations with growth, morphological and reproductive traits. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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da Rosa FT, Moreira CGA, Barbero MMD, Hurtado Lugo NA, de Camargo GMF, Aspicueta Borquis RR, de Oliveira HN, Boligon AA, de Vargas L, Moreira HLM, Tonhati H, de Souza FRP. Associations between MUC1 gene polymorphism and resistance to mastitis, milk production and fertility traits in Murrah water buffaloes. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1749641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CNPq Researcher, Capão do Leão, Brasil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Lucas de Vargas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brasil
| | | | - Humberto Tonhati
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brasil
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Campos GS, Sollero BP, Reimann FA, Junqueira VS, Cardoso LL, Yokoo MJI, Boligon AA, Braccini J, Cardoso FF. Tag‐SNP selection using Bayesian genomewide association study for growth traits in Hereford and Braford cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 137:449-467. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leandro Lunardini Cardoso
- Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul Bagé Brazil
| | | | | | - José Braccini
- Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Fernando Flores Cardoso
- Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul Bagé Brazil
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da Silveira DD, De Vargas L, Pereira RJ, Campos GS, Vaz RZ, Lôbo RB, de Souza FRP, Boligon AA. Quantitative study of genetic gain for growth, carcass, and morphological traits of Nelore cattle. Can J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability, genetic and phenotypic associations, and genetic gains of birth (BW), weaning (WW), and yearling (YW) weights, loin muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), scores of body structure (BS), finishing precocity (FS), and muscling (MS) in Nelore cattle. Genetic parameters were obtained through Bayesian inference using BLUPF90 programs. All studied traits showed genetic variability, with heritability ranging from 0.29 to 0.47. In all studied ages, weights presented positive genetic correlations with LMA (ranging from 0.13 to 0.53), being generally stronger in comparison with the other carcass traits analyzed (BF and RF). Similarly, weights were higher genetic associated with BS (0.47–0.92) than with FS (0.18–0.62) and MS (0.22–0.65), respectively. The BF and RF showed positive and moderate genetic associations with FS and MS (0.31–0.36). Genetic trends were significant (P < 0.05) and favorable for WW, YW, and visual scores. Selection for increasing BW, WW, YW, and LMA will result in modest or no change in BF and RF (correlated response ranging from −0.04 to 0.07 mm per generation). In this population, carcass traits must be included in the selection indexes to obtain genetic gains in carcass quality, if desired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas De Vargas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Junqueira Pereira
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, MT-270, Km 06, Campus Rondonópolis, MT CEP 78735-00, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Soares Campos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Zambarda Vaz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS CEP 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Raysildo Barbosa Lôbo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS CEP 96160-000, Brazil
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de Vargas L, da Silveira DD, Bermudes RF, Moreira HLM, Vercesi Filho AE, El Faro L, Boligon AA, de Souza FRP. The MUC1 gene polymorphism is not associated with milk productive traits and somatic cell count in Jersey cattle. Anim Genet 2019; 50:188-189. [PMID: 30741430 DOI: 10.1111/age.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Vargas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Duarte da Silveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rogério Fôlha Bermudes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Heden Luiz Marques Moreira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Anibal Eugênio Vercesi Filho
- Centro de Pesquisas de Bovinos de Corte, Instituto de Zootecnia, Rodovia Carlos Tonanni, km 94, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, 14160-900, Brazil
| | - Lenira El Faro
- Centro de Pesquisas de Bovinos de Corte, Instituto de Zootecnia, Rodovia Carlos Tonanni, km 94, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, 14160-900, Brazil
| | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ricardo Pablos de Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96160-000, Brazil
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Schmidt PI, Campos GS, Roso VM, Souza FRP, Boligon AA. Genetic analysis of female reproductive efficiency, scrotal circumference and growth traits in Nelore cattle. Theriogenology 2019; 128:47-53. [PMID: 30743103 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study estimated the genetic variability and correlations between growth and reproductive traits in Nelore cattle. Annual genetic changes in female reproductive traits were also evaluated using repeated measures. Direct heritability was moderate for the growth traits and scrotal circumference (0.235 ± 0.015 to 0.443 ± 0.006), indicating genetic variability in these traits in the population studied. Maternal heritability was low for weaning height (0.042 ± 0.012) and weaning weight (0.112 ± 0.013). Regarding female reproductive traits, gestation length (GL) exhibited a slightly higher heritability (0.179 ± 0.006) than days to calving (DC) and calving interval (CI) (0.123 ± 0.006 and 0.105 ± 0.008, respectively). Repeatability was lower for GL (0.222 ± 0.006) compared to DC (0.318 ± 0.004) and CI (0.406 ± 0.006). Moderate and positive genetic correlations were obtained between the growth traits and scrotal circumference, ranging from 0.193 ± 0.019 to 0.519 ± 0.007. Weaning height showed low and positive genetic associations with GL (0.138 ± 0.007) and CI (0.189 ± 0.016), but was not correlated with DC (-0.016 ± 0.011). Similarly, weaning weight, yearling height or yearling weight was not associated with any of the female reproductive traits. The genetic correlations between scrotal circumference and female reproductive traits were negative and favorable, but low: -0.116 ± 0.020 (GL), -0.084 ± 0.028 (DC), and -0.054 ± 0.038 (CI). Favorable genetic associations were estimated between all female reproductive traits, ranging from 0.170 ± 0.040 to 0.442 ± 0.050. Genetic changes were favorable for GL and CI (-0.02 days/year and -0.11 days/year, respectively) and unfavorable for DC (0.16 days/year). In conclusion, selection for higher growth using the estimated breeding values for height and weight will not affect the reproductive performance of Nelore females. Nonetheless, simultaneous selection for growth and reproductive traits is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Schmidt
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - G S Campos
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - V M Roso
- GenSys Associates and Consultants S/S LTDA, 90680-001, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F R P Souza
- Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A A Boligon
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, Brazil.
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Boligon AA, Vicente IDS, Roso VM, Souza FPD. Direct and maternal annual genetic changes for selected traits at weaning and yearling in beef cattle. Acta Sci Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritability and direct and maternal genetic changes were estimated in Nellore cattle for the following traits: birth to weaning weight gain (BWG), weaning to yearling weight gain (YWG), weaning conformation (WC), weaning precocity (WP), weaning muscling (WM), yearling conformation (YC), yearling precocity (YP), yearling muscling (YM) and yearling scrotal circumference (SC). Direct and maternal heritability for weaning traits were 0.21±0.03 and 0.13±0.01 (BWG); 0.19±0.03 and 0.07±0.01 (WC); 0.22±0.03 and 0.07±0.01 (WP); 0.20±0.03 and 0.07±0.01 (WM), respectively. For yearling traits, direct heritability were 0.19±0.04 (YWG); 0.32±0.05 (YC); 0.37±0.05 (YP); 0.38±0.05 (YM) and 0.41±0.04 (SC). Positive and significant direct genetic changes (p < 0.05) were found for all traits, except for WC (p = 0.09), equal to 0.138 kg year-1 (BWG), 0.003 units year-1 (WC), 0.011 units year-1 (WP), 0.009 units year-1 (WM), 0.132 kg year-1 (YWG), 0.003 units year-1 (YC), 0.011 units year-1 (YP), 0.011 units year-1 (YM) and 0.020 cm year-1 (SC), indicating favorable genetic gains in the period. For weaning traits, we obtained negative and non-significant (p > 0.05) maternal genetic trends, with values of -0.084 kg year-1 (BWG), -0.004 units year-1 (WC), -0.004 units year-1 (WP) and -0.004 units year-1 (WM). Thus, greater emphasis should be given for maternal genetic merit of weaning traits in this population, if improvements in maternal ability were desirable.
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Campos GS, Reimann FA, Cardoso LL, Ferreira CER, Junqueira VS, Schmidt PI, Braccini Neto J, Yokoo MJI, Sollero BP, Boligon AA, Cardoso FF. Genomic prediction using different estimation methodology, blending and cross-validation techniques for growth traits and visual scores in Hereford and Braford cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2579-2595. [PMID: 29741705 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy and bias of direct and blended genomic predictions using different methods and cross-validation techniques for growth traits (weight and weight gains) and visual scores (conformation, precocity, muscling, and size) obtained at weaning and at yearling in Hereford and Braford breeds. Phenotypic data contained 126,290 animals belonging to the Delta G Connection genetic improvement program, and a set of 3,545 animals genotyped with the 50K chip and 131 sires with the 777K. After quality control, 41,045 markers remained for all animals. An animal model was used to estimate (co)variance components and to predict breeding values, which were later used to calculate the deregressed estimated breeding values (DEBV). Animals with genotype and phenotype for the traits studied were divided into 4 or 5 groups by random and k-means clustering cross-validation strategies. The values of accuracy of the direct genomic values (DGV) were moderate to high magnitude for at weaning and at yearling traits, ranging from 0.19 to 0.45 for the k-means and 0.23 to 0.78 for random clustering among all traits. The greatest gain in relation to the pedigree BLUP (PBLUP) was 9.5% with the BayesB method with both the k-means and the random clustering. Blended genomic value accuracies ranged from 0.19 to 0.56 for k-means and from 0.21 to 0.82 for random clustering. The analyses using the historical pedigree and phenotypes contributed additional information to calculate the GEBV, and in general, the largest gains were for the single-step (ssGBLUP) method in bivariate analyses with a mean increase of 43.00% among all traits measured at weaning and of 46.27% for those evaluated at yearling. The accuracy values for the marker effects estimation methods were lower for k-means clustering, indicating that the training set relationship to the selection candidates is a major factor affecting accuracy of genomic predictions. The gains in accuracy obtained with genomic blending methods, mainly ssGBLUP in bivariate analyses, indicate that genomic predictions should be used as a tool to improve genetic gains in relation to the traditional PBLUP selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Soares Campos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Iana Schmidt
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Braccini Neto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Flores Cardoso
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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da Silveira DD, De Vargas L, Pereira RJ, Lôbo RB, de Souza FRP, Boligon AA. Beef cattle growth deceleration parameters and its correlations with growth, carcass and morphological composition traits. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodrigues MCC, Bonotto ALM, Acosta DAV, Boligon AA, Corrêa MN, Brauner CC. Effect of oestrous synchrony between embryo donors and recipients, embryo quality and state on the pregnancy rate in beef cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:152-156. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MCC Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária (NUPEEC); Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - ALM Bonotto
- ABN Agropecuária; Santiago Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - DAV Acosta
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária (NUPEEC); Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA); Bogotá Colombia
| | - AA Boligon
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - MN Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária (NUPEEC); Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - CC Brauner
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária (NUPEEC); Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
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Tomazelli Júnior O, Kuhn F, Padilha PJM, Vicente LRM, Costa SW, Boligon AA, Scapinello J, Nesi CN, Dal Magro J, Castellví SL. Microencapsulation of essential thyme oil by spray drying and its antimicrobial evaluation against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:311-317. [PMID: 28832836 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.08716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodextrin as wall material (ratio 1:4). Thyme oil and the microcapsules exhibited antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The spray drying process did not affect the antimicrobial activity of thyme essentialoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tomazelli Júnior
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgilli, Tarragona, Spain
| | - F Kuhn
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - P J M Padilha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Aquicutura e Pesca, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - L R M Vicente
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Aquicutura e Pesca, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - S W Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Aquicutura e Pesca, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A A Boligon
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J Scapinello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - C N Nesi
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Aquicutura e Pesca, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - J Dal Magro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - S Lamo Castellví
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgilli, Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Silva RMO, Fragomeni BO, Lourenco DAL, Magalhães AFB, Irano N, Carvalheiro R, Canesin RC, Mercadante MEZ, Boligon AA, Baldi FS, Misztal I, Albuquerque LG. Accuracies of genomic prediction of feed efficiency traits using different prediction and validation methods in an experimental Nelore cattle population. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3613-3623. [PMID: 27898889 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal feeding is the most important economic component of beef production systems. Selection for feed efficiency has not been effective mainly due to difficult and high costs to obtain the phenotypes. The application of genomic selection using SNP can decrease the cost of animal evaluation as well as the generation interval. The objective of this study was to compare methods for genomic evaluation of feed efficiency traits using different cross-validation layouts in an experimental beef cattle population genotyped for a high-density SNP panel (BovineHD BeadChip assay 700k, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). After quality control, a total of 437,197 SNP genotypes were available for 761 Nelore animals from the Institute of Animal Science, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil. The studied traits were residual feed intake, feed conversion ratio, ADG, and DMI. Methods of analysis were traditional BLUP, single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), and a Bayesian regression method (BayesCπ). Direct genomic values (DGV) from the last 2 methods were compared directly or in an index that combines DGV with parent average. Three cross-validation approaches were used to validate the models: 1) YOUNG, in which the partition into training and testing sets was based on year of birth and testing animals were born after 2010; 2) UNREL, in which the data set was split into 3 less related subsets and the validation was done in each subset a time; and 3) RANDOM, in which the data set was randomly divided into 4 subsets (considering the contemporary groups) and the validation was done in each subset at a time. On average, the RANDOM design provided the most accurate predictions. Average accuracies ranged from 0.10 to 0.58 using BLUP, from 0.09 to 0.48 using GBLUP, from 0.06 to 0.49 using BayesCπ, and from 0.22 to 0.49 using ssGBLUP. The most accurate and consistent predictions were obtained using ssGBLUP for all analyzed traits. The ssGBLUP seems to be more suitable to obtain genomic predictions for feed efficiency traits on an experimental population of genotyped animals.
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15
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Follmann DN, Cargnelutti Filho A, Lorentz LH, Boligon AA, Caraffa M, Wartha CA. Genetic progress in sunflower crop in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029520. [PMID: 28407182 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The sunflower has adaptability to growing regions with different climatic and soil characteristics, showing drought tolerance and high-quality oil production. The State of Rio Grande do Sul is the third largest sunflower producer in Brazil, with research related to the sunflower breeding initiated after the decade of 1950. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic progress for grain yield, oil content, and oil yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Data of grain yield, oil content, and oil yield obtained from 58 sunflower cultivar yield trials in 19 municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul during the period from 2005 to 2014 were used. Genetic progress was studied according to the methodology proposed by Vencovsky and data from sunflower cultivar yield trials were used. Annual genetic progress of sunflower during the period of 10 years (2005-2014) was 132.46 kg⋅ha-1⋅year-1 for grain yield, -0.17%/year for oil content, and 48.11 kg⋅ha-1⋅year-1 for oil yield. The sunflower-breeding programs in the State of Rio Grande do Sul were efficient for the traits grain yield and oil yield and presented no efficiency for oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L H Lorentz
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brasil
| | - A A Boligon
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brasil
| | - M Caraffa
- Departamento de Agronomia, Sociedade Educacional Três de Maio, Três de Maio, RS, Brasil
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16
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Reis ÂP, Boligon AA, Yokoo MJ, Cardoso FF. Design of selection schemes to include tick resistance in the breeding goal for Hereford and Braford cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:572-583. [PMID: 28380595 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are one of the main causes of losses in cattle, causing economic impact by reducing productivity and fertility and by transmission of diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic gains obtained through different strategies to include traditional (EBV) or genomic EBV (GEBV) for tick count (TC) in selection indexes for Hereford and Braford cattle. Besides TC, we also considered traits currently included in the Delta G Breeding Program Index (DGI): preweaning gain, weaning conformation, weaning precocity, weaning muscling, postweaning gain, yearling conformation, yearling precocity, yearling muscling, and scrotal circumference. Genetic gain per generation (ΔG) was evaluated using the current DGI and including TC in 8 alternative scenarios with TC relative weightings of 10, 50, or 100% and using phenotype or GEBV. Genomic EBV accuracy () ranged between 0.1 and 0.9. As expected, increasing increases the accuracy of the index () for all scenarios in which GEBV were considered. As the relative weight of TC was increased to 50%, greater ΔG differences in relation to the baseline DGI ($53.03) scenario were observed when the GEBV information was included with equal to or greater than 0.7 only for TC (ΔG between $61.06 and $74.26) or equal to or greater than 0.5 for all traits (ΔG between $56.03 and $83.36). To achieve these accuracies for traits with low heritability, a large calibration data set would be required. Focusing only on TC, the availability of genomic information would be desirable to avoid the need to count ticks and the exposure of animals to parasitism risks. However, for = 0.7, the respective numbers for Hereford and Braford would be 4,703 and 6,522 animals. As expected, when comparing the relative index weights of 10, 50, and 100% for TC, the highest response to selection per generation (RS) for TC was in the scenario was with 100% relative weight and GEBV for this trait (SR = -0.09 SD with = 0.9). This would be the recommended scenario to form tick-resistant lines in Hereford and Braford cattle. However, with 50% relative weight for TC, including GEBV information for TC only or for all traits in index ( = 0.9), it should yield 93 or 84% of RS, respectively, compared to that obtained with full emphasis on TC (100% relative weight) and GEBV information. This indicates that in the presence of highly accurate GEBV, despite slightly slower gain for TC, indexes with 50% relative weight for TC are interesting alternatives to jointly improve tick resistance and other relevant traits.
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Medeiros de Oliveira Silva R, Bonvino Stafuzza N, de Oliveira Fragomeni B, Miguel Ferreira de Camargo G, Matos Ceacero T, Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo J, Baldi F, Augusti Boligon A, Zerlotti Mercadante ME, Lino Lourenco D, Misztal I, Galvão de Albuquerque L. Genome-Wide Association Study for Carcass Traits in an Experimental Nelore Cattle Population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169860. [PMID: 28118362 PMCID: PMC5261778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with carcass traits in an experimental Nelore cattle population. The studied data set contained 2,306 ultrasound records for longissimus muscle area (LMA), 1,832 for backfat thickness (BF), and 1,830 for rump fat thickness (RF). A high-density SNP panel (BovineHD BeadChip assay 700k, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) was used for genotyping. After genomic data quality control, 437,197 SNPs from 761 animals were available, of which 721 had phenotypes for LMA, 669 for BF, and 718 for RF. The SNP solutions were estimated using a single-step genomic BLUP approach (ssGWAS), which calculated the variance for windows of 50 consecutive SNPs and the regions that accounted for more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance were used to search for candidate genes. The results indicated that 12, 18, and 15 different windows were associated to LMA, BF, and RF, respectively. Confirming the polygenic nature of the studied traits, 43, 65, and 53 genes were found in those associated windows, respectively for LMA, BF, and RF. Among the candidate genes, some of them, which already had their functions associated with the expression of energy metabolism, were found associated with fat deposition in this study. In addition, ALKBH3 and HSD17B12 genes, which are related in fibroblast death and metabolism of steroids, were found associated with LMA. The results presented here should help to better understand the genetic and physiologic mechanism regulating the muscle tissue deposition and subcutaneous fat cover expression of Zebu animals. The identification of candidate genes should contribute for Zebu breeding programs in order to consider carcass traits as selection criteria in their genetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira Silva
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP–Sao Paulo State University, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
| | - Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP–Sao Paulo State University, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP–Sao Paulo State University, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Matos Ceacero
- APTA Center of Beef Cattle, Animal Science Institute, Sertaozinho, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Baldi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP–Sao Paulo State University, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Lino Lourenco
- University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ignacy Misztal
- University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP–Sao Paulo State University, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Regatieri IC, Boligon AA, Costa RB, de Souza FRP, Baldi F, Takada L, Venturini GC, de Camargo GMF, Fernandes GA, Tonhati H, de Oliveira HN, de Albuquerque LG. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and sexual precocity in Nellore heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 177:88-96. [PMID: 28011117 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the extent (r2) of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome of Nellore cattle, and to examine associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and age at first calving (AFC) and early pregnancy (EP) using a panel of high-density SNPs and data from 1182 Nellore females. A total of 13 contemporary groups (CG) were used consisting of farm, season, and year of birth. For genome-wide association analysis, SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF)<0.05 and animals with a call rate<0.90 were excluded, totaling 431,885 SNPs. For statistical analysis, a linear model was used for AFC and a threshold model for EP. To estimate the significance of the associations for the two traits, the model included the categorical fixed effects of CG, SNPs, and sire. In addition, the polygenic effect was included in the analysis. The additive effects and dominance deviations of Bonferroni-adjusted significant SNPs for AFC and EP were estimated using orthogonal contrasts. The average estimate of r2 for all autosomes was 0.18 at a distance of 4.8kb and the mean MAF was 0.25±0.13. The LD decreased as the distance between markers increased: 0.35 (1kb) to 0.12 (100kb). Eleven significant associations were detected in seven different chromosomes. Seven SNPs were associated with AFC and four were associated with EP. Three SNPs were significant for both traits. The identification of SNPs associated with AFC and EP may contribute for selecting sexually precocious animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaê Cristina Regatieri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Arione Augusti Boligon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Bermal Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Ricardo Pablos de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Ecology, Zoology and Genetics, Capão do Leão Campus, Institute of Biology - IB, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Takada
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Costa Venturini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Gerardo Alves Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Humberto Tonhati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Boligon AA, De Vargas L, Silveira DD, Roso VM, Campos GS, Vaz RZ, Souza FRP. Genetic models for breed quality and navel development scores and its associations with growth traits in beef cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1679-1684. [PMID: 27627906 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Estimation and prediction ability of linear and threshold models for yearling breed quality score (BQ) and navel development score at weaning (WN) and yearling (YN), considering variances, heritabilities, and rank correlations based on the breeding values predicted for bulls, were compared. Furthermore, it was determined whether BQ, WN, and YN are genetically associated with growth traits (BWG: birth to weaning weight gain, WH: weaning height, WYG: weaning to yearling weight gain, YH: yearling height) to field data of Nelore cattle. For BQ, similar heritabilities were estimated using linear (0.14 ± 0.01) and threshold (0.15 ± 0.02) models. For navel development scores, higher heritability was estimated with threshold (WN 0.22 ± 0.03; YN 0.42 ± 0.03) rather than linear (WN 0.16 ± 0.01; YN 0.29 ± 0.01) models. Rank correlations between sires breeding values predicted for visual scores with linear and threshold models ranging from 0.53 to 0.98, indicating that different sires would be selected using these models, mainly for higher selection intensities. The BQ showed little genetic variability and was not associated with WH and YH. However, low and positive genetic correlations were obtained between BQ with BWG (0.27 ± 0.02) and WYG (0.25 ± 0.02). In general, they are expected low genetic gains for BQ as correlated response to selection based on any of the growth traits studied. The WN showed higher genetic correlation with BWG (0.63 ± 0.02) and WH (0.53 ± 0.02) rather than WYG (-0.06 ± 0.02) and YH (0.26 ± 0.02), indicating that selection for increased growth at weaning (height and weight gain) should lead to longer and most pendulous navels at this age. Weak genetic correlations were obtained between yearling navel and growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, CEP 96160-000.
| | - L De Vargas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, CEP 96160-000
| | - D D Silveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, CEP 96160-000
| | - V M Roso
- GenSys Consultores Associados S/S Ltda., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G S Campos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, CEP 96160-000
| | - R Z Vaz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, CEP 96160-000
| | - F R P Souza
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, CEP 96160-000
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20
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Volpato A, Lorenzetti WR, Zortea T, Giombelli LCDD, Baretta D, Santos RCV, Vaucher RA, Raffin RP, Souza ME, Stefani LM, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Silva ASD. Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against the Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and Its Possible Effect on the Soil Fauna. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1801041-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Volpato
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - T Zortea
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - D Baretta
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - RCV Santos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Centro Universitário Franciscano, Brazil
| | - RA Vaucher
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - ME Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Centro Universitário Franciscano, Brazil
| | - LM Stefani
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - AA Boligon
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - ML Athayde
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - AS da Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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21
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Silva RMO, Boligon AA, Fernandes AR, Vercesi Filho AE, El Faro L, Tonhati H, Albuquerque LG, Fraga AB. Estimates of genetic parameters for stayability and their associations with traits of economic interest in Gir dairy cows. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr6958. [PMID: 26909978 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15016958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for stayability at 60 months of age (STAY60) and its association with first lactation cumulative milk yield (P305), age at first calving (AFC), and first calving interval (FCI), in order to adopt these traits as selection criteria for longevity in Gir dairy cattle. Records for 2770 cows born between 1982 and 2008 from six herds in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraíba were analyzed. The (co)variance components were estimated by a Bayesian approach using bivariate animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.37 ± 0.09, 0.23 ± 0.04, 0.26 ± 0.06, and 0.07 ± 0.03 for STAY60, P305, AFC, and FCI, respectively. The genetic correlations of STAY60 with P305, AFC, and FCI were moderate to high, with values of 0.61 (0.17), -0.44 (0.23), and 0.88 (0.13), respectively. STAY60, P305, and AFC exhibited additive genetic variability, and these traits should be considered in selection indices. The indirect selection for longevity through the correlated responses of early-expression traits, such as milk production at first lactation, could be used to improve the ability of animals to remain in the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M O Silva
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, Brasil.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - A A Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - A R Fernandes
- Associação Brasileira de Gir Leiteiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - A E Vercesi Filho
- Centro de Pesquisas Bovinos de Corte, Instituto de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, SP, Brasil
| | - L El Faro
- Centro de Pesquisas Bovinos de Corte, Instituto de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, SP, Brasil
| | - H Tonhati
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - L G Albuquerque
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - A B Fraga
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, Brasil
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22
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Espigolan R, Baldi F, Boligon AA, Souza FRP, Fernandes Júnior GA, Gordo DGM, Venturini GC, de Camargo GMF, Feitosa FLB, Garcia DA, Tonhati H, Chardulo LAL, Oliveira HN, Albuquerque LG. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and carcass traits in Nellore cattle using high-density panels. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:11133-44. [PMID: 26400344 DOI: 10.4238/2015.september.22.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and carcass traits measured postmortem in Nellore cattle. Records of loin eye area (LEA) and backfat thickness (BF) from 740 males and records of hot carcass weight (HCW) from 726 males were analyzed. All of the animals were genotyped using the BovineHD BeadChip. Association analyses were performed by the restricted maximum likelihood method that considered one SNP at a time. Significant SNPs were identified on chromosomes 2 and 6 for LEA and on chromosomes 7, 1, and 2 for BF. For HCW, associations with SNPs were found on chromosomes 13, 14, and 28, in addition to genome regions that were directly related to this trait, such as the EFCAB8 and VSTM2L genes, and to bone development (RHOU). Some SNPs were located in very close proximity to genes involved in basal metabolism (BLCAP, NNAT, CTNNBL1, TGM2, and LOC100296770) and the immune system (BPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Espigolan
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - F Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - A A Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - F R P Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - G A Fernandes Júnior
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - D G M Gordo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - G C Venturini
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - F L B Feitosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - D A Garcia
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - H Tonhati
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - L A L Chardulo
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - H N Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - L G Albuquerque
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Klauck V, Pazinato R, Radavelli WM, Volpato A, Stefani LM, Santos RCV, Vaucher RA, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Da Silva AS. In vitro repellent effect of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and andiroba (Carapa guianensis) oils on Haemotobia irritans and Chrysomya megacephala flies. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:160-166. [PMID: 25801266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and andiroba (Carapa guianensis) essential oils on two species of flies (Haemotobia irritans and Chrysomya megacephala). For the in vitro studies, free-living adult flies were captured and reared in the laboratory. To verify the repellency effect, an apparatus was constructed where H. irritans and C. megacephala were exposed to andiroba and tea tree oils (5.0%), as well as to a known repellent (citronella, 5.0%) to validate the test. The study demonstrated that all three oils used showed in vitro repellent effect against both species of flies. It is possible to conclude that the essential oils (tea tree and andiroba) have repellent effect on these species of flies used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Klauck
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - R Pazinato
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - W M Radavelli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - A Volpato
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - L M Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - R C V Santos
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Vaucher
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A A Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M L Athayde
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Nwanna EE, Ibukun EO, Oboh G, Ademosun AO, Boligon AA, Athayde M. HPLC-DAD Analysis and In-Vitro Property of Polyphenols Extracts from (Solanum Aethiopium) Fruits on α -Amylase, α -Glucosidase and Angiotensin - 1- Converting Enzyme Activities. Int J Biomed Sci 2014; 10:272-81. [PMID: 25598760 PMCID: PMC4289703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Garden egg (Solanum aethiopium) is an edible fruits vegetable with different species.This study investigated characterisation and the effect of the phenolics extracts from S. aethiopium species with enzymes linked with type -2-diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension [Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE)]. METHODS Fresh samples of the 5 species of the garden egg namely, [Solanum gilo (PW), Solanum torvum (TWS), Solanum kumba (PGR), Solanum incanum (GSB), and Solanum indicum (WSB)] were oven-dried at 50°C and milled into flour. The aqueous extracts were prepared (1:50 w/v). The phenolic contents (total phenol and total flavonoid), vitamin C and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. The ability of the extracts to inhibit diabetes enzymes in rat pancreas as well as the inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting (ACE) enzyme in lungs homogenates in vitro were investigated. Furthermore, the fruits polyphenols were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD. RESULTS The phenolic contents ranged from 2.70-3.76 mgGAE/g, while there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in their flavonoid content and ability to reduce Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). The vitamin C contents of the species ranged from 4.01-6.52 mg/ml. The extracts scavenged DPPH in a dose dependent manner with the IC50 values ranging from 3.23-4.20 mg/ml. Furthermore, the extracts showed strong inhibition of α-glucosidase, mild inhibition of α-amylase and strong inhibition of ACE activities. CONCLUSION This study showed that the inhibition of the key enzymes relevant to type-2 diabetes and hypertension could be part of the mechanisms by which garden egg manage/prevent the degenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Nwanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria
| | - E O Ibukun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria
| | - G Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria
| | - A O Ademosun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, 34001 Nigeria
| | - A A Boligon
- Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - M Athayde
- Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Oboh G, Akinyemi AJ, Osanyinlusi FR, Ademiluyi AO, Boligon AA, Athayde ML. Phenolic compounds from sandpaper (ficus exasperata) leaf inhibits angiotensin 1 converting enzyme in high cholesterol diet fed rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 157:119-125. [PMID: 25267581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sandpaper [Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)] leaf has been reportedly used in folklore for the management/treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little/or no scientific basis for their action. This study sought to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hypercholesterolemia as well as the effect of their phenolic extract on this enzyme in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenolic extract was prepared, then, the inhibitory effect of the leaf extract on ACE was determined in vitro. Thereafter, the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats for 14 days was evaluated as well as some biochemical parameters. RESULTS The result revealed that under in vitro condition, the phenolic extract inhibited ACE (IC50=14.7µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (0-10µg/mL). Feeding high cholesterol diets to rats caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the ACE activity. However, there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the ACE activity as a result of supplementation with the sand paper leaves. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the plasma lipid profile with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver and heart tissues. However, supplementing the diet with sandpaper leaf (either 10% or 20%) caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (LDL-C), and in MDA content in the tissues. Conversely, supplementation caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level when compared with the control diet. Reversed phase HPLC analysis of the extract revealed Quercitrin (43.7mg/g), chlorogenic acid (42.8mg/g) and caffeic acid (33.9mg/g) as the major phenolics in the leaf. CONCLUSION The inhibition of ACE activity and prevention of hypercholesterolemia by sandpaper leaf could be part of the possible mechanism underlying its anti-hypertensive property which could lay credence to its use in folk medicine. However, these activities may be directly/indirectly attributed to the polyphenolics present.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - A J Akinyemi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Nigeria
| | - F R Osanyinlusi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - A O Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - A A Boligon
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil
| | - M L Athayde
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil
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Sant'Anna AC, Baldi F, Valente TS, Albuquerque LG, Menezes LM, Boligon AA, Paranhos da Costa MJR. Genetic associations between temperament and performance traits in Nellore beef cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 132:42-50. [PMID: 25174988 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic associations between temperament and performance traits. Temperament was evaluated in yearling male and female Nellore cattle, using four traits: temperament score (TS), for assessing animals' reactions in a corral pen (n = 25,691); movement score (MOV), for animals' movements recorded inside the crush; crush score (CS), for animal's general reactivity inside the crush; and flight speed (FS), for the speed (in m/s) at which the animals exited the crush (n = 11,697, for the last three methods); for all the temperament traits, lower scores indicate animals with calmer temperament. Performance traits were visual scores for conformation (C), finishing precocity (P) and muscling (M) evaluated at yearlings, and average daily gain (ADG) was estimated from weaning to yearling. Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling was applied to estimate (co)variance components and genetic and phenotypic parameters. Heritability estimates for the temperament traits ranged from 0.07 (CS) to 0.28 (FS). Genetic correlations of the temperament traits with ADG and C, P and M were negative and ranged from -0.02 to -0.31. Phenotypic correlations were negative and consistently lower than the genetic, ranging from -0.08 to -0.02. It was concluded that the temperament traits assessed had favourable genetic correlation estimates with the performance traits studied. However, indirect responses in temperament when selecting for higher ADG and visual scoring system of C, P and M, will be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Sant'Anna
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Ayres DR, Pereira RJ, Boligon AA, Baldi F, Roso VM, Albuquerque LG. Genetic parameters and investigation of genotype × environment interactions in Nellore × Hereford crossbred for resistance to cattle ticks in different regions of Brazil. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:107-13. [PMID: 25108748 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Data from 6,156 Nellore × Hereford crossbred cattle, distributed in 18 herds located in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), were analysed in order to investigate genetic variation for resistance to the cattle tick through the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters for counting ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) in natural infestation, and also a possible genotype × environment interaction. The tick count data (CC) were transformed to log10(CC + 1) and grouped into two regions, defined by cluster analysis and analysed using the method of restricted maximum likelihood. The statistical model included the additive genetic effect as random and fixed effects of the contemporary group (CG) and genetic group (GG) as classificatory and the age of the animal at the time of counting (linear effect) and individual heterozygosity (linear effect, ranging from 0 to 1) as covariates. In the studied regions, the effect of heterosis found was inversely proportional; in other words, the count of ticks decreased with the increase of heterozygosity. The observed heritability estimation for resistance to tick infestation were 0.12 ± 0.04 and 0.11 ± 0.04 for groups A (RS and south PR) and B (MS, SP and north PR), respectively. The results of this study suggest that selection for animals resistant to ticks would be possible using the tick count to estimate the genetic value of animals, but with a slow genetic progress. The genetic correlation for tick count between the two groups (A and B) was 0.84 ± 0.27 and genotype × environment interaction for this trait was not observed in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Ayres
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil,
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Cardoso DF, de Souza FRP, de Camargo GMF, Fonseca PDDS, Fonseca LFS, Braz CU, Boligon AA, Mercadante MEZ, de Albuquerque LG, Tonhati H. Polymorphism analysis in genes of the somatotropic axis in Nellore cattle selected for growth. Gene 2014; 545:215-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boligon AA, Long N, Albuquerque LG, Weigel KA, Gianola D, Rosa GJM. Comparison of selective genotyping strategies for prediction of breeding values in a population undergoing selection. J Anim Sci 2013; 90:4716-22. [PMID: 23372045 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomewide marker information can improve the reliability of breeding value predictions for young selection candidates in genomic selection. However, the cost of genotyping limits its use to elite animals, and how such selective genotyping affects predictive ability of genomic selection models is an open question. We performed a simulation study to evaluate the quality of breeding value predictions for selection candidates based on different selective genotyping strategies in a population undergoing selection. The genome consisted of 10 chromosomes of 100 cM each. After 5,000 generations of random mating with a population size of 100 (50 males and 50 females), generation G(0) (reference population) was produced via a full factorial mating between the 50 males and 50 females from generation 5,000. Different levels of selection intensities (animals with the largest yield deviation value) in G(0) or random sampling (no selection) were used to produce offspring of G(0) generation (G(1)). Five genotyping strategies were used to choose 500 animals in G(0) to be genotyped: 1) Random: randomly selected animals, 2) Top: animals with largest yield deviation values, 3) Bottom: animals with lowest yield deviations values, 4) Extreme: animals with the 250 largest and the 250 lowest yield deviations values, and 5) Less Related: less genetically related animals. The number of individuals in G(0) and G(1) was fixed at 2,500 each, and different levels of heritability were considered (0.10, 0.25, and 0.50). Additionally, all 5 selective genotyping strategies (Random, Top, Bottom, Extreme, and Less Related) were applied to an indicator trait in generation G(0,) and the results were evaluated for the target trait in generation G(1), with the genetic correlation between the 2 traits set to 0.50. The 5 genotyping strategies applied to individuals in G(0) (reference population) were compared in terms of their ability to predict the genetic values of the animals in G(1) (selection candidates). Lower correlations between genomic-based estimates of breeding values (GEBV) and true breeding values (TBV) were obtained when using the Bottom strategy. For Random, Extreme, and Less Related strategies, the correlation between GEBV and TBV became slightly larger as selection intensity decreased and was largest when no selection occurred. These 3 strategies were better than the Top approach. In addition, the Extreme, Random, and Less Related strategies had smaller predictive mean squared errors (PMSE) followed by the Top and Bottom methods. Overall, the Extreme genotyping strategy led to the best predictive ability of breeding values, indicating that animals with extreme yield deviations values in a reference population are the most informative when training genomic selection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-000, Brazil.
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Boligon AA, Baldi F, Albuquerque LG. Genetic correlations between heifer subsequent rebreeding and age at first calving and growth traits in Nellore cattle by Bayesian inference. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:4516-24. [PMID: 23096920 DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.17.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We estimated heritability for subsequent rebreeding (SR) of heifers and genetic correlations between this trait and weaning weight (WW), weight gain from weaning to yearling (WG), age at first calving (AFC), and mature cow weight (MW), in order to evaluate whether SR could be included as selection criterion in Nellore cattle. The SR of heifers was defined by attributing a value of 1 (success) or 0 (failure) to heifers that calved or not, respectively, given that they had calved once before. Records from 127,430 Nellore animals were analyzed. Genetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian inference using a nonlinear (threshold) animal model for SR and a linear animal model for the other traits in three-trait analyses, including SR and WW in all analyses. The posterior means of heritability for SR, WW, WG, AFC, and MW were 0.18 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.01, 0.30 ± 0.01, 0.21 ± 0.01, and 0.45 ± 0.04, respectively. The posterior mean estimates of genetic correlations between SR and WW, WG, AFC, and MW were -0.20 ± 0.06, 0.31 ± 0.07, -0.77 ± 0.05, and -0.15 ± 0.09, respectively. Based on these genetic correlations, selection for higher gains for WG and younger AFC should result in an increase in heifer SR rates, while long-term selection for increasing WW should promote unfavorable responses in heifer SR. The use of breeding values for heifer SR as a selection criterion of Nellore bulls could increase heifer SR rate without significant changes in MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.
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Boligon AA, Ayres DR, Pereira RJ, Morotti NP, Albuquerque LG. Genetic associations of visual scores with subsequent rebreeding and days to first calving in Nellore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2012; 129:448-56. [PMID: 23148970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2012.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Records of Nellore animals born from 1990 to 2006 were used to estimate genetic correlations of visual scores at yearling (conformation, C; finishing precocity, P; and muscling, M) with primiparous subsequent rebreeding (SR) and days to first calving (DC), because the magnitude of these associations is still unknown. Genetic parameters were estimated by multiple-traits Bayesian analysis, using a nonlinear (threshold) animal models for visual scores and SR and a linear animal models for weaning weight (WW) and DC. WW was included in the analysis to account for the effects of sequential selection. The posterior means of heritabilities estimated for C, P, M, SR and DC were 0.24 ± 0.01, 0.31 ± 0.01, 0.30 ± 0.01, 0.18 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.02, respectively. The posterior means of genetic correlations estimated between SR and visual scores were low and positive, with values of 0.09 ± 0.02 (C), 0.19 ± 0.03 (P) and 0.18 ± 0.05 (M). On the other hand, negative genetic correlations were found between DC and C (-0.11 ± 0.09), P (-0.19 ± 0.09) and M (-0.16 ± 0.09). The primiparous rebreeding trait has genetic variability in Nellore cattle. The genetic correlations between visual scores, and SR and DC were low and favourable. The genetic changes in C, P and M were 0.02, 0.03 and 0.03/year, respectively. For SR and DC, genetic trends were 0.01/year and -0.01 days/year, respectively, indicating that the increase in genetic merit for reproductive traits was small over time. Direct selection for visual scores together with female reproductive traits is recommended to increase the fertility of beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Boligon AA, Carvalheiro R, Ayres DR, Albuquerque LG. Analysis of genetic correlations of hip height with selection indices and mature weight in Nelore cattle. J Appl Genet 2012; 54:89-95. [PMID: 23138478 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-012-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Body size is directly related to the productive and reproductive performance of beef cattle raised under free-range conditions. In an attempt to better plan selection criteria, avoiding extremes in body size, this study estimated the heritabilities and genetic correlations of yearling hip height (YH) and mature hip height (MH) with selection indices obtained at weaning (WI) and yearling (YI) and mature weight (MW). Data from 102,373 Nelore animals born between 1984 and 2010, which belong to 263 farms that participate in genetic evaluation programmes of beef cattle conducted in Brazil and Paraguay, were used. The (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian inference in multi-trait analysis using an animal model. The mean heritabilities for YH, MH and MW were 0.56 ± 0.06, 0.47 ± 0.02 and 0.42 ± 0.02, respectively. The genetic correlation of YH with WI (0.13 ± 0.01) and YI (0.11 ± 0.01) was practically zero, whereas a higher correlation was observed with MW (0.22 ± 0.03). Positive genetic correlations of medium magnitude were estimated between MH and WI and YI (0.23 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02, respectively). On the other hand, a high genetic correlation (0.68 ± 0.03) was observed between the indicator traits of mature body size (MH and MW). Considering the top 20 % of sire (896 sires) in terms of breeding values for the yearling index, the rank sire correlations between breeding values for MH and MW was 0.62. In general, the results indicate that selection based on WI and YI should not lead to important changes in YH. However, an undesired correlated response in mature cow height is expected, particularly when selection is performed using YI. Therefore, changes in the body structure of Nelore females can be obtained when MH and MW is used as a selection criterion for cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Boligon AA, Carvalheiro R, Albuquerque LG. Evaluation of mature cow weight: genetic correlations with traits used in selection indices, correlated responses, and genetic trends in Nelore cattle. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:20-8. [PMID: 23048159 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic correlations of selection indices and the traits considered in these indices with mature weight (MW) of Nelore females and correlated responses were estimated to determine whether current selection practices will result in an undesired correlated response in MW. Genetic trends for weaning and yearling indices and MW were also estimated. Data from 612,244 Nelore animals born between 1984 and 2010, belonging to different beef cattle evaluation programs from Brazil and Paraguay, were used. The following traits were studied: weaning conformation (WC), weaning precocity (WP), weaning muscling (WM), yearling conformation (YC), yearling precocity (YP), yearling muscling (YM), weaning and yearling indices, BW gain from birth to weaning (BWG), postweaning BW gain (PWG), scrotal circumference (SC), and MW. The variance and covariance components were estimated by Bayesian inference in a multitrait analysis, including all traits in the same analysis, using a nonlinear (threshold) animal model for visual scores and a linear animal model for the other traits. The mean direct heritabilities were 0.21±0.007 (WC), 0.22±0.007 (WP), 0.20±0.007 (WM), 0.43±0.005 (YC), 0.40±0.005 (YP), 0.40±0.005 (YM), 0.17±0.003 (BWG), 0.21±0.004 (PWG), 0.32±0.001 (SC), and 0.44±0.018 (MW). The genetic correlations between MW and weaning and yearling indices were positive and of medium magnitude (0.30±0.01 and 0.31±0.01, respectively). The genetic changes in weaning index, yearling index, and MW, expressed as units of genetic SD per year, were 0.26, 0.27, and 0.01, respectively. The genetic trend for MW was nonsignificant, suggesting no negative correlated response. The selection practice based on the use of sires with high final index giving preference for those better ranked for yearling precocity and muscling than for conformation generates only a minimal correlated response in MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-000, Brazil.
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Regatieri IC, Boligon AA, Baldi F, Albuquerque LG. Genetic correlations between mature cow weight and productive and reproductive traits in Nellore cattle. Genet Mol Res 2012. [PMID: 22614456 DOI: 10.4238/2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated genetic associations between mature cow weight (MW) and weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), weight gain from birth to weaning (GBW), weight gain from weaning to yearling (GWY), weaning hip height (WHH), yearling hip height (YHH), scrotal circumference (SC), and age at first calving (AFC). Data from 127,104 Nellore animals born between 1993 and 2006, belonging to Agropecuária Jacarezinho Ltda., were analyzed. (Co)variance components were obtained by the restricted maximum likelihood method, applying an animal model in a multi-traits analysis. The model included direct genetic and residual effects as random effects, the fixed effects of contemporary group, and the linear and quadratic effects of animal age at recording (except for AFC, GBW, and GWY) and age of cow at calving as covariates (except for MW). The numbers of days from birth to weaning and from weaning to yearling were included as covariates for GBW and GWY, respectively. Estimated direct heritabilities were 0.43 ± 0.02 (MW), 0.33 ± 0.01 (WW), 0.36 ± 0.01 (YW), 0.28 ± 0.02 (GBW), 0.31 ± 0.01 (GWY), 0.44 ± 0.02 (WHH), 0.48 ± 0.02 (YHH), 0.44 ± 0.01 (SC), and 0.16 ± 0.03 (AFC). Genetic correlations between MW and productive traits were positive and of medium to high magnitude (ranging from 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.71 ± 0.01). A positive and low genetic correlation was observed between MW and SC (0.24 ± 0.04). A negative genetic correlation (-0.19 ± 0.03) was estimated between MW and AFC. Selection to increase weight or weight gains at any age, as well as hip height, will change MW in the same direction. Selection for higher SC may lead to a long-term increase in MW. The AFC can be included in selection indices to improve the reproductive performance of beef cattle without significant changes in MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Regatieri
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.
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Pereira DF, Kappel VD, Cazarolli LH, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Guesser SM, Da Silva EL, Silva FRMB. Influence of the traditional Brazilian drink Ilex paraguariensis tea on glucose homeostasis. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:868-877. [PMID: 22795927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we examined the acute in vivo effect and short- and long-term in vitro effects of samples from native and commercial Ilex paraguariensis on glucose homeostasis. Also, the potential effect of I. paraguariensis on serum insulin secretion was investigated. The chemical identification and quantification of methyl xanthines and polyphenols in CH₂Cl₂, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of native I. paraguariensis as well as infusions of green and roasted I. paraguariensis from a commercial source was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results for the serum glucose-lowering indicated that both fractions and both infusions were able to improve significantly the oral glucose tolerance curve. Additionally, both the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions induced-insulin secretion, but EtOAc induced an early (at 15 min) and late (at 60 min) biphasic peak of insulin secretion similar to glipizide stimulatory effect. Both fractions increased liver glycogen content compared with fasted normal rats. Also, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions inhibited in vitro disaccharidases activities after an acute treatment. The maximum inhibitory effect of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions on maltase activity (at 5 min) was around 35%. The evident reduction of protein glycation by glucose or fructose with EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions increased from 7 to 28 days of in vitro incubation. Inhibition of bovine serum albumin glycation by glucose and fructose, by around 50% and 90%, respectively, was observed. Additionally, the green and roasted mate infusions reduced the formation of AGEs in a characteristic long-term effect. In conclusion, this study shows that I. paraguariensis has an anti-hyperglycemic potential role able to improve the diabetic status and is probably a source of multiple hypoglycemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP: 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Boligon AA, Baldi F, Mercadante MEZ, Lobo RB, Pereira RJ, Albuquerque LG. Breeding value accuracy estimates for growth traits using random regression and multi-trait models in Nelore cattle. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:1227-36. [PMID: 21732287 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We quantified the potential increase in accuracy of expected breeding value for weights of Nelore cattle, from birth to mature age, using multi-trait and random regression models on Legendre polynomials and B-spline functions. A total of 87,712 weight records from 8144 females were used, recorded every three months from birth to mature age from the Nelore Brazil Program. For random regression analyses, all female weight records from birth to eight years of age (data set I) were considered. From this general data set, a subset was created (data set II), which included only nine weight records: at birth, weaning, 365 and 550 days of age, and 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years of age. Data set II was analyzed using random regression and multi-trait models. The model of analysis included the contemporary group as fixed effects and age of dam as a linear and quadratic covariable. In the random regression analyses, average growth trends were modeled using a cubic regression on orthogonal polynomials of age. Residual variances were modeled by a step function with five classes. Legendre polynomials of fourth and sixth order were utilized to model the direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects, respectively, while third-order Legendre polynomials were considered for maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Quadratic polynomials were applied to model all random effects in random regression models on B-spline functions. Direct genetic and animal permanent environmental effects were modeled using three segments or five coefficients, and genetic maternal and maternal permanent environmental effects were modeled with one segment or three coefficients in the random regression models on B-spline functions. For both data sets (I and II), animals ranked differently according to expected breeding value obtained by random regression or multi-trait models. With random regression models, the highest gains in accuracy were obtained at ages with a low number of weight records. The results indicate that random regression models provide more accurate expected breeding values than the traditionally finite multi-trait models. Thus, higher genetic responses are expected for beef cattle growth traits by replacing a multi-trait model with random regression models for genetic evaluation. B-spline functions could be applied as an alternative to Legendre polynomials to model covariance functions for weights from birth to mature age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.
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Boligon AA, Baldi F, de Albuquerque LG. Genetic parameters and relationships between growth traits and scrotal circumference measured at different ages in Nellore cattle. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:225-30. [PMID: 21734821 PMCID: PMC3115314 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Records from 106,212 Nellore animals, born between 1998 and 2006, were used to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), average weight gains from birth to weaning (GBW), average weight gains from weaning to after yearling (GWAY), weaning hip height (WHH), postweaning hip height (PHH) and scrotal circumferences at 9 (SC9), 12 (SC12) and 15 (SC15) months of age. (Co)variance components were estimated by an animal model using multi-trait analysis. Heritability estimates for BW, GBW, GWAY, WHH, PHH, SC9, SC12 and SC15 were 0.31 ± 0.01; 0.25 ± 0.02; 0.30 ± 0.04; 0.51 ± 0.04; 0.54 ± 0.04; 0.39 ± 0.01; 0.41 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.02, respectively. Genetic correlations between growth traits ranged from 0.09 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.01, thereby implying that, at any age, selection to increase average weight gains will also increase stature. Genetic correlations between BW and average weight gains with scrotal circumferences were all positive and moderate (0.15 ± 0.03 to 0.38 ± 0.01). On the other hand, positive and low genetic associations were estimated between hip height and scrotal circumference at different ages (0.09 ± 0.01 to 0.17 ± 0.02). The results of this study pointed out that selection to larger scrotal circumferences in males will promote changes in average weight gains. In order to obtain Nellore cattle with the stature and size suitable for the production system, both weight gain and hip height should be included in a selection index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arione Augusti Boligon
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Mota CS, Freitas RB, Athayde ML, Boligon AA, Augusti PR, Somacal S, Rocha MP, Bauermann LF. Effect of Vernonia cognata on oxidative damage induced by ethanol in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:675-84. [PMID: 20634228 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110377646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals production and oxidative stress play a central role in injuries caused by ethanol (EtOH) on gastric mucosal. Thus, strategies to counteract EtOH toxicity are highly desirable. This study was aimed at evaluating whether Vernonia cognata extract would reduce EtOH effects in rats. Rats received Vernonia cognata extract (0, 1 and 2 g/kg bw, by gavage) 1 hour after EtOH had been administered (0 or 70%, 0.5 mL/100 g bw, by gavage) and were killed 1 hour after Vernonia cognata extract administration. The stomach was removed for macroscopic and histopathological evaluation, as well as, oxidative stress markers such as lipoperoxidation (LPO) and non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. EtOH acute exposure increased LPO and decreased NPSH levels and CAT activity along with macroscopic and microscopic lesions in gastric tissue, confirming the involvement of oxidative stress in EtOH toxicity. Vernonia cognata extract attenuated oxidative and histopathological features induced by EtOH at all evaluated doses. Moreover, both studied doses of Vernonia cognata extract caused an increase in NPSH levels per se. However, only the dose of 2 g/kg reverted all macroscopic changes caused by EtOH toxicity. The protective effect of the extract could be attributed to antioxidant molecules present in the extract, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus, an antioxidant effect of the extract leads to a protection on gastric tissue. Our results indicate that Vernonia cognata hydroethanolic extract could have a beneficial role against EtOH toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and gastric tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Mota
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Souza FRP, Vozzi PA, Vila RA, Boligon AA, Galerani MAV, Lobo RB, Martelli LR. Association between MUC1 gene polymorphism and expected progeny differences in Nelore cattle (Bos primigenius indicus). Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:68-70. [PMID: 21637607 PMCID: PMC3036085 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated mammalian transmembrane protein expressed by mucosal secretory tissues for both protection against microbial infection and lubrication. An important characteristic of MUC1 is its variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) containing several sites for O-glycosylation. VNTR length has been associated with many human diseases and with certain economically important traits in domestic ruminants. The aim of the present study was to correlate the length of MUC1 gene VNTR with expected progeny differences (EPDs) obtained for growth, fertility and carcass traits. Five alleles were identified, with alleles containing short VNTRs being more frequent than those with long, thereby demonstrating that Brazilian Nelore cattle are characterized by high frequencies in short MUC1 VNTRs. Statistical analyses revealed there to be no significant association between VNTR length and EPDs for weight at 120 days (W(120) ), scrotal circumference at 365 (SC (365) ) and 450 (SC (450) ) days, age at first calving (AFC), and rib eye area (REA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ricardo Pablos de Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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Boligon AA, Mercadante MEZ, Forni S, Lôbo RB, Albuquerque LG. Covariance functions for body weight from birth to maturity in Nellore cows. J Anim Sci 2009; 88:849-59. [PMID: 19897625 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate (co)variance functions using random regression models on Legendre polynomials for the analysis of repeated measures of BW from birth to adult age. A total of 82,064 records from 8,145 females were analyzed. Different models were compared. The models included additive direct and maternal effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects as random terms. Contemporary group and dam age at calving (linear and quadratic effect) were included as fixed effects, and orthogonal Legendre polynomials of animal age (cubic regression) were considered as random covariables. Eight models with polynomials of third to sixth order were used to describe additive direct and maternal effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects. Residual effects were modeled using 1 (i.e., assuming homogeneity of variances across all ages) or 5 age classes. The model with 5 classes was the best to describe the trajectory of residuals along the growth curve. The model including fourth- and sixth-order polynomials for additive direct and animal permanent environmental effects, respectively, and third-order polynomials for maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects were the best. Estimates of (co)variance obtained with the multi-trait and random regression models were similar. Direct heritability estimates obtained with the random regression models followed a trend similar to that obtained with the multi-trait model. The largest estimates of maternal heritability were those of BW taken close to 240 d of age. In general, estimates of correlation between BW from birth to 8 yr of age decreased with increasing distance between ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Records of 18,770 Nelore animals, born from 1975 to 2002, in 8 herds participating in the Nelore Cattle Breeding Program, were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters for mature BW. The mature BW were analyzed as a single BW taken closest to 4.5 yr of age for each cow in the data file, considering BW starting from 2 (W2Y_S), 3 (W3Y_S), or 4 (W4Y_S) yr of age or as repeated records, including all BW starting from 2 (W2Y_R), 3 (W3Y_R), or 4 (W4Y_R) yr of age. The variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, fitting univariate and bivariate animal models, including weaning weight. The heritability estimates were 0.29, 0.34, 0.36, 0.41, 0.44, and 0.46 for W2Y_S, W3Y_S, W4Y_S, W2Y_R, W3Y_R, and W4Y_R, respectively. The repeatability estimates for W2Y_R, W3Y_R, and W4Y_R were 0.59, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively. Larger accuracy values associated with the EBV were obtained in the repeated records models. The results indicated the bivariate repeated records model as the most appropriate for analyzing mature BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900-Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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