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Li M, Wu G, Wang M, Hunziker EB, Liu Y. Crystalline Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Coating on Mini-Pin Implants to Accelerate Osseointegration and Extend Drug Release Duration for an Orthodontic Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12142439. [PMID: 35889663 PMCID: PMC9324071 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Miniscrew implants (MSIs) have been widely used as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontic clinics. However, one of their major limitations is the relatively high failure rate. We hypothesize that a biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) coating layer on mini-pin implants might be able to accelerate the osseointegration, and can be a carrier for biological agents. A novel mini-pin implant to mimic the MSIs was used. BioCaP (amorphous or crystalline) coatings with or without the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were applied on such implants and inserted in the metaphyseal tibia in rats. The percentage of bone to implant contact (BIC) in histomorphometric analysis was used to evaluate the osteoconductivity of such implants from six different groups (n=6 rats per group): (1) no coating no BSA group, (2) no coating BSA adsorption group, (3) amorphous BioCaP coating group, (4) amorphous BioCaP coating-incorporated BSA group, (5) crystalline BioCaP coating group, and (6) crystalline BioCaP coating-incorporated BSA group. Samples were retrieved 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-surgery. The results showed that the crystalline BioCaP coating served as a drug carrier with a sustained release profile. Furthermore, the significant increase in BIC occurred at week 1 in the crystalline coating group, but at week 2 or week 4 in other groups. These findings indicate that the crystalline BioCaP coating can be a promising surface modification to facilitate early osseointegration and increase the success rate of miniscrew implants in orthodontic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghong Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Ernst B. Hunziker
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Group for Bone Biology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-2-0598-0626
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Jaramillo-Bedoya D, Villegas-Giraldo G, Agudelo-Suárez AA, Ramírez-Ossa DM. A Scoping Review about the Characteristics and Success-Failure Rates of Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35621531 PMCID: PMC9139455 DOI: 10.3390/dj10050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized the scientific evidence concerning the main characteristics of the Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) used in orthodontics and reported the success-failure rates during treatment. For that means, this scoping review collected articles from previous research. A complementary search was carried out in the databases PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, and EMBASE, focusing on original studies published from 2010 to 2020. We analyzed the main characteristics of the publications. As a result, 103 articles were included. Most of the research was conducted among different groups, who needed TADs principally in the maxilla and an interradicular location between the second premolar and first molar. AbsoAnchor, Dentos Inc., Daegu, Korea, was the most used brand of TADs. The most common characteristics of the devices and biomechanics were a diameter and length of 1.6 mm and 8 mm, a self-drilled system, a closed technique for placement, immediate loading, and forces that ranged between 40 and 800 g. Of the studies, 47.6% showed success rates ≥90%. In conclusion, high success rates were found for TADs, and differences were found according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. The studies showed variability in methodological design, and scientific publications were concentrated in certain countries. We recommend further scientific research on TADs using more standardized designs.
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Kim TI, Lee SW, Jo WL, Kim YS, Kim SC, Kwon SY, Lim YW. Improved Biological Responses of Titanium Coating Using Laser-Aided Direct Metal Fabrication on SUS316L Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14143947. [PMID: 34300866 PMCID: PMC8305544 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct metal fabrication (DMF) coatings have the advantage of a more uniform porous structure and superior mechanical properties compared to coatings provided by other methods. We applied pure titanium metal powders to SUS316L stainless steel using laser-aided DMF coating technology with 3D printing. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of this surface modification of stainless steel. The capacity of cells to adhere to DMF-coated SUS316L stainless steel was compared with machined SUS316L stainless steel in vitro and in vivo. Morphological in vitro response to human osteoblast cell lines was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Separate specimens were inserted into the medulla of distal femurs of rabbits for in vivo study. The distal femurs were harvested after 3 months, and were then subjected to push-out test and histomorphometrical analyses. The DMF group exhibited a distinct surface chemical composition, showing higher peaks of titanium compared to the machined stainless steel. The surface of the DMF group had a more distinct porous structure, which showed more extensive coverage with lamellipodia from osteoblasts than the machined surface. In the in vivo test, the DMF group showed better results than the machined group in the push-out test (3.39 vs. 1.35 MPa, respectively, p = 0.001). In the histomorphometric analyses, the mean bone-to-implant contact percentage of the DMF group was about 1.5 times greater than that of the machined group (65.4 ± 7.1% vs. 41.9 ± 5.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). The porous titanium coating on SUS316L stainless steel produced using DMF with 3D printing showed better surface characteristics and biomechanical properties than the machined SUS316L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-In Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Davos Hospital, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17063, Korea;
| | - Se-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Woo-Lam Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (W.-L.J.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-C.K.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Barros SE, Vanz V, Chiqueto K, Janson G, Ferreira E. Mechanical strength of stainless steel and titanium alloy mini-implants with different diameters: an experimental laboratory study. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:9. [PMID: 33748887 PMCID: PMC7982375 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanical strength of mini-implants is a critical factor due to their small diameters. Currently, it is not possible to state whether there is a relevant difference between the mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS-MIs) and titanium alloy mini-implants (TA-MIs). The objective of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the mechanical strength of SS-MIs and TA-MIs, and to analyze, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the SS-MI, and TA-MI threads resistance to morphological damage after insertion. METHODS A standardized sample of 504 SS-MIs and TA-MIs with diameters ranging from 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm was used. Torsional fracture was performed in 154 MIs. Flexural strength of 280 MIs was evaluated at 1 mm and 2 mm-deflection. The threads of 70 MIs were morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after their insertion in high-density artificial bone blocks. Comparisons between SS-MIs and TA-MIs were performed with t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of variables on the ranging of MI mechanical strength. RESULTS SS-MIs had higher fracture torque. The mean difference between the SS-MIs and TA-MIs fracture torque was of 4.09 Ncm. The MI diameter explained 90.3% of the total variation in fracture torque, while only 2.2% was explained by the metallic alloy. The SS-MI group presented a higher deformation force during the 1mm and 2mm-deflection. The mean difference between the flexural strength of SS and TA-MIs at 1 mm and 2 mm-deflection was of 18.21 N and 17.55 N, respectively. There was no noticeable morphological damage to the threads of SS-MIs and TA-MIs. CONCLUSIONS The null hypothesis was rejected. SS-MIs were 13.2% and 20.2% more resistant to torsional fracture and deflection, respectively. The threads of the SS-MIs and TA-MIs were not damaged during the insertion and removal process. Thus, the use of SS-MI can reduce the fracture risk without increasing the MI diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Estelita Barros
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Vanz
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Kelly Chiqueto
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Janson
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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Mecenas P, Espinosa DG, Cardoso PC, Normando D. Stainless steel or titanium mini-implants? Angle Orthod 2020; 90:587-597. [PMID: 33378494 PMCID: PMC8028470 DOI: 10.2319/081619-536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there was a difference in success rates when stainless steel (SS) was compared to titanium mini-implants (MIs) in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, and OpenGray were searched without restrictions. A manual search was also performed in the references of the included articles. Studies comparing the success rate between SS and titanium MIs were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions) Tool or RoB 2.0 according to the study design. The level of evidence was assessed through GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). RESULTS Six studies met the eligibility criteria. One study was a randomized clinical trial that evaluated extraalveolar MIs, and nonrandomized trials examined interradicular MIs. The RCT presented a low RoB, two nonrandomized trials presented a moderate risk, and three presented a high risk. The quality of the evidence was high for the randomized clinical trial and moderate for the nonrandomized trials. Most studies found no difference between materials, with good success rates for both (SS, 74.6%-100%; titanium: 80.9%-100%) and only one study, with a high RoB, showed a higher success rate with titanium MIs (90%) when compared with SS (50%). A quantitative analysis was not because of the great heterogeneity among the studies. CONCLUSIONS Although limited, the current evidence seems to show that the material used is not a major factor in the success rate of MIs. Because it has a lower cost than titanium and presents similar clinical efficiency, SS is a great material for orthodontic MIs.
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