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Abstract
The cardiometabolic syndrome involves a clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular factors which increase the risk of patients developing both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardio/cerebrovascular disease. Although the mechanistic underpinnings of this link remain uncertain, key factors include insulin resistance, excess visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction. Of these, a state of resistance to insulin action in overweight/obese patients appears to be central to the pathophysiologic process. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity-related Type 2 Diabetes, coupled with the fact that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in this patient population, a more thorough understanding of the cardiometabolic syndrome and potential options to mitigate its risk is imperative. Inherent in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is an underlying state of chronic inflammation, at least partly in response to excess adiposity. Within obese adipose tissue, an immunomodulatory shift occurs, involving a preponderance of pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines/adipokines, along with antigen presentation by adipocytes. Therefore, various adipokines differentially expressed by obese adipocytes may have a significant effect on cardiometabolism. Clusterin is a molecular chaperone that is widely produced by many tissues throughout the body, but is also preferentially overexpressed by obese compared lean adipocytes and relates strongly to multiple components of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Herein, we summarize the known and potential roles of circulating and adipocyte-specific clusterin in cardiometabolism and discuss potential further investigations to determine if clusterin is a viable target to attenuate both metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wittwer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David Bradley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Werida RH, El-Gharbawy NM, Mostafa TM. Circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin in obese subjects with different grades of obesity: association with insulin resistance and sexual dimorphism. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2021; 65:126-136. [PMID: 33905632 PMCID: PMC10065324 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective There are discrepancies about the relationship of IL-6, clusterin and irisin with obesity and obesity associated insulin resistance and also about their sexual dimorphism. This study aimed at evaluating the circulating levels of IL-6, clusterin and irisin in obese subjects of both sexes who had different grades of obesity and examining their sexual dimorphism and their association with insulin resistance. Methods This study included 176 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes who were classified according to their sex into two groups; the male and the female groups. The male group (88 men) was classified according to BMI into; group 1 (22 lean men), group 2 (22 class I obese men), group 3 (22 class II obese men) and group 4 (22 class III obese men). The female group (88 women) was classified according to BMI exactly as the male group. Metabolic parameters, IL-6, clusterin, and irisin levels were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, post hoc Tukey's test and independent t-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between variables. Results In obese subjects of both sexes, circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin levels were significantly elevated and positively correlated with HOMA-IR. Obese males showed significantly higher HOMA-IR, IL-6, clusterin and irisin levels than obese females. Conclusion Obesity in both sexes, especially in males was associated with high levels of IL-6, clusterin and irisin and worsened the metabolic pattern. Circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin may represent possible therapeutic targets for insulin resistance in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H Werida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M El-Gharbawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
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Oh GS, Yoon J, Kim G, Kim GH, Kim DS, Choi B, Chang EJ, Lee ES, Kim SW. Regulation of adipocyte differentiation by clusterin-mediated Krüppel-like factor 5 stabilization. FASEB J 2020; 34:16276-16290. [PMID: 33078455 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000551rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein involved in a range of biological processes. We investigated the function of CLU as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. CLU expression increased during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. CLU overexpression promoted adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and increased the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpa). Conversely, knockdown of CLU attenuated adipogenesis and reduced transcript levels of Pparg and Cebpa. However, the promoter activities of both the Pparg and the Cebpa gene were not affected by alteration of CLU expression on its own. Additionally, the protein level of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), an upstream transcription factor of Pparg and Cebpa involved in adipogenic differentiation, was upregulated by CLU overexpression, although the mRNA level of Klf5 was not altered by changes in the expression level of CLU. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that the increased level of KLF5 by CLU overexpression was due to decreased degradation of KLF5 protein. Interestingly, CLU increased the stability of KLF5 by decreasing KLF5 ubiquitination. CLU inhibited the interaction between KLF5 and F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets KLF5. The adipogenic role of CLU was also addressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Clu-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, CLU enhanced KLF5-mediated transcriptional activation of both the Cebpa and the Pparg promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that CLU is a novel regulator of adipocyte differentiation by modulating the protein stability of the adipogenic transcription factor KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyun-Sik Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gukhan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hyang Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seop Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JS, Lee WK, Kim HS, Seo JA, Kim DH, Han HC, Min BH. Clusterin overexpression protects against western diet-induced obesity and NAFLD. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17484. [PMID: 33060605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for various metabolic diseases and is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Clusterin is a multi-functional protein that is up-regulated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases, including obesity and NAFLD. Our previous studies indicated that hepatocyte-specific overexpression of clusterin alleviates methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Here we generated transgenic mice with whole-body clusterin overexpression (wCLU-tg) and investigated the role of clusterin in Western diet-induced obesity and NAFLD. We confirmed that obesity parameters and the spectrum of NAFLD of wCLU-tg mice were improved compared to wild type mice. Contrarily, clusterin deficiency deteriorated metabolic disruptions. We also found that clusterin activates target molecules for obesity and NAFLD, namely Nrf2 and AMPK, suggesting that clusterin protects against Western diet-induced obesity and NAFLD by activating Nrf2 and AMPK.
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Borska L, Andrys C, Hamakova K, Rehacek V, Svadlakova T, Malkova A, Beranek M, Palicka V, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Metabolic Syndrome, Clusterin and Elafin in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165617. [PMID: 32764517 PMCID: PMC7460615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a pathological condition characterized by immune system dysfunction and inflammation. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop a wide range of disorders associated with inflammation. Serum levels of various substances and their combinations have been associated with the presence of the disease (psoriasis) and have shown the potential to reflect its activity. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the elucidation of pathophysiological links between psoriasis, its pro-inflammatory comorbidity metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the expression of clusterin and elafin, which are reflected in the pathophysiological “portfolio” of both diseases. Material and methods: Clinical examinations (PASI score), ELISA (clusterin, elafin), and biochemical analyses (parameters of MetS) were performed. Results: We found that patients with psoriasis were more often afflicted by MetS, compared to the healthy controls. Clusterin and elafin levels were higher in the patients than in the controls but did not correlate to the severity of psoriasis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with psoriasis are more susceptible to developing other systemic inflammatory diseases, such as MetS. The levels of clusterin and elafin, which are tightly linked to inflammation, were significantly increased in the patients, compared to the controls, but the presence of MetS in patients did not further increase these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Kvetoslava Hamakova
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Center, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Martin Beranek
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
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Gondek M, Herosimczyk A, Knysz P, Ożgo M, Lepczyński A, Szkucik K. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Serum from Pigs Experimentally Infected with Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010055. [PMID: 31940868 PMCID: PMC7168678 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the available proteomic studies have made it possible to identify and characterize Trichinella stage-specific proteins reacting with infected host-specific antibodies, the vast majority of these studies do not provide any information about changes in the global proteomic serum profile of Trichinella-infested individuals. In view of the above, the present study aimed to examine the protein expression profile of serum obtained at 13 and 60 days postinfection (d.p.i.) from three groups of pigs experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and Trichinella pseudospiralis and from uninfected, control pigs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The comparative proteomic analysis of the T. spiralis group vs. the control group revealed 5 differently expressed spots at both 13 and 60 d.p.i. Experimental infection with T. britovi induced significant expression changes in 3 protein spots at 13 d.p.i. and in 6 protein spots at 60 d.p.i. in comparison with the control group. Paired analyses between the group infected with T. pseudospiralis and the uninfected control group revealed 6 differently changed spots at 13 d.p.i. and 2 differently changed spots at 60 d.p.i. Among these 27 spots, 15 were successfully identified. Depending on the Trichinella species triggering the infection and the time point of serum collection, they were IgM heavy-chain constant region, antithrombin III-precursor, immunoglobulin gamma-chain, clusterin, homeobox protein Mohawk, apolipoprotein E precursor, serum amyloid P-component precursor, Ig lambda chains, complement C3 isoform X1, and apolipoprotein A-I. Our results demonstrate that various Trichinella species and different phases of the invasion produce a distinct, characteristic proteomic pattern in the serum of experimentally infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gondek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(81)-445-6256
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (A.L.)
| | - Przemysław Knysz
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (A.L.)
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (A.L.)
| | - Krzysztof Szkucik
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.S.)
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Zhu H, Liu M, Zhai T, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Yan K, Gong F, Zeng Y. High serum clusterin levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3128. [PMID: 30659732 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, and serum levels of clusterin are higher in coronary artery disease patients. Here, we measured serum clusterin levels in premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) patients and explored the association of these levels with PCAD risk. METHODS Serum samples and general clinical information were obtained from 672 subjects including 364 PCAD subjects, 126 non-PCAD subjects, and 182 controls. RESULTS Serum clusterin levels were higher in PCAD patients than in controls, particularly in males with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 (P < 0.0001). Compared with the lowest tertile of clusterin, the odds ratio of PCAD in the highest tertile was higher in both a univariate and three adjustment models, and it was 3.146-fold higher in Model 3. This association was especially significant in subgroups with BMI < 25 kg/m2 , total cholesterol < 5.7 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L, Urea < 7.14 mmol/L, and estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Serum clusterin may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PCAD (sensitivity 60.7%, specificity 51.6%, area under the curve 0.595 [95% CI, 0.544-0.647], P < 0.0001), and a combination of clusterin with clinical variables in Model 3 resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 86.3%, specificity 64.2%, area under the curve 0.829 [95% CI, 0.782-0.877], P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Serum clusterin levels were increased in PCAD patients, especially for males with BMI < 25 kg/m2 . Higher clusterin levels were independently associated with the presence of PCAD, particularly in subjects with normal BMI, lower total cholesterol, urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Clusterin might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PCAD patients, especially in combination with clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bradley D, Blaszczak A, Yin Z, Liu J, Joseph JJ, Wright V, Anandani K, Needleman B, Noria S, Renton D, Yearsley M, Wong STC, Hsueh WA. Clusterin Impairs Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity and Adipocyte Clusterin Associates With Cardiometabolic Risk. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:466-475. [PMID: 30659075 PMCID: PMC6385696 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Components of the adipose tissue (AT) extracellular matrix (ECM) are recently discovered contributors to obesity-related cardiometabolic disease. We identified increased adipocyte expression of ECM-related clusterin (apolipoprotein J) in obese versus lean women by microarray. Our objective was to determine 1) whether subcutaneous AT adipocyte (SAd) clusterin and serum clusterin are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and known markers of cardiometabolic risk and 2) how clusterin may contribute to increased risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We validated increased clusterin expression in adipocytes from a separate group of 18 lean and 54 obese individuals. The relationship of clusterin gene expression and plasma clusterin with IR, cardiovascular biomarkers, and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was then determined. Further investigations in human cultured cells and in aged LDLR-/- mice prone to development of obesity-associated complications were performed. RESULTS SAd clusterin correlated with IR, multiple CVD biomarkers, and CVD risk, independent of traditional risk factors. Circulating human clusterin exhibited similar associations. In human adipocytes, palmitate enhanced clusterin secretion, and in human hepatocytes, clusterin attenuated insulin signaling and APOA1 expression and stimulated hepatic gluconeogenesis. LRP2 (megalin), a clusterin receptor, highly expressed in liver, mediated these effects, which were inhibited by LRP2 siRNA. In response to Western diet feeding, an increase in adipocyte clusterin expression was associated with a progressive increase in liver fat, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in aged LDLR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Adipocyte-derived clusterin is a novel ECM-related protein linking cardiometabolic disease and obesity through its actions in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alecia Blaszczak
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joey Liu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Valerie Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kajol Anandani
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David Renton
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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