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Granne I, Shen M, Rodriguez-Caro H, Chadha G, O’Donnell E, Brosens JJ, Quenby S, Child T, Southcombe JH. Characterisation of peri-implantation endometrial Treg and identification of an altered phenotype in recurrent pregnancy loss. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:120-129. [PMID: 34552206 PMCID: PMC8732268 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) affects 2-4% of couples, and with increasing numbers of pregnancy losses the risk of miscarrying a euploid pregnancy is increased, suggesting RPL is a pathology distinct from sporadic miscarriage that is due largely to lethal embryonic aneuploidy. There are a number of conditions associated with RPL including unspecified "immune" pathologies; one of the strongest candidates for dysregulation remains T regulatory cells as depletion in the very early stages of pregnancy in mice leads to pregnancy loss. Human endometrial Treg and conventional CD4T cells were isolated during the peri-implantation period of the menstrual cycle in normal women. We identified an endometrial Treg transcriptomic signature and validated an enhanced regulatory phenotype compared to peripheral blood Treg. Parous women had an altered endometrial Treg transcriptome compared to nulliparity, indicating acquired immune memory of pregnancy within the Treg population, by comparison endometrial conventional CD4T cells were not altered. We compared primary and secondary RPL to nulliparous or parous controls respectively. Both RPL subgroups displayed differentially expressed Treg gene transcriptomes compared to controls. We found increased cell surface S1PR1 and decreased TIGIT protein expression by Treg in primary RPL, confirming the presence of altered Treg in the peri-implantation RPL endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Granne
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mengni Shen
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Rodriguez-Caro
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gurmeher Chadha
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth O’Donnell
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK ,grid.15628.380000 0004 0393 1193Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK ,grid.15628.380000 0004 0393 1193Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Tim Child
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.477692.90000 0004 0379 0597Oxford Fertility, The Fertility Partnership, Oxford, OX4 2HW UK
| | - Jennifer H. Southcombe
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, L3 Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hu M, Eviston D, Hsu P, Mariño E, Chidgey A, Santner-Nanan B, Wong K, Richards JL, Yap YA, Collier F, Quinton A, Joung S, Peek M, Benzie R, Macia L, Wilson D, Ponsonby AL, Tang MLK, O'Hely M, Daly NL, Mackay CR, Dahlstrom JE, Vuillermin P, Nanan R. Decreased maternal serum acetate and impaired fetal thymic and regulatory T cell development in preeclampsia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3031. [PMID: 31292453 PMCID: PMC6620275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune dysregulation seems to affect fetal or postnatal immune development. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-associated disorder with an immune basis and is linked to atopic disorders in offspring. Here we show reduction of fetal thymic size, altered thymic architecture and reduced fetal thymic regulatory T (Treg) cell output in preeclamptic pregnancies, which persists up to 4 years of age in human offspring. In germ-free mice, fetal thymic CD4+ T cell and Treg cell development are compromised, but rescued by maternal supplementation with the intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, which induces upregulation of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), known to contribute to Treg cell generation. In our human cohorts, low maternal serum acetate is associated with subsequent preeclampsia, and correlates with serum acetate in the fetus. These findings suggest a potential role of acetate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and immune development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Hu
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - David Eviston
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann Chidgey
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - Kahlia Wong
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - James L Richards
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu Anne Yap
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann Quinton
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, Central Queensland University, Sydney, 2000, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Joung
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Peek
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, ACT, Australia
| | - Ron Benzie
- Nepean Hospital, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - David Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, 4814, QLD, Australia
| | - Ann-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, ACT, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Norelle L Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, AITHM, James Cook University, Cairns, 4814, QLD, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- Anatomical Pathology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Hospital and ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith, 2750, NSW, Australia.
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Tsuda S, Zhang X, Hamana H, Shima T, Ushijima A, Tsuda K, Muraguchi A, Kishi H, Saito S. Clonally Expanded Decidual Effector Regulatory T Cells Increase in Late Gestation of Normal Pregnancy, but Not in Preeclampsia, in Humans. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1934. [PMID: 30197648 PMCID: PMC6118230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are necessary for the maintenance of allogenic pregnancy. However, the repertoire of effector Treg cells at the feto-maternal interface in human pregnancy remains unknown. Our objective was to study T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of Treg cells during pregnancy compared to normal and complicated pregnancies. Methods:Paired samples of peripheral blood and decidua in induced abortion and miscarriage cases were obtained from consenting patients. CD4+CD25+CD127low/−CD45RA− effector Treg cells were single-cell sorted from mononuclear cells. cDNAs of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) in TCRβ were amplified from the single cells by RT-PCR and the sequences were analyzed. The TCRβ repertoires were determined by amino acid and nucleotide sequences. Treg cells were classified into clonally expanded and non-expanded populations by CDR3 sequences. Results: We enrolled nine induced abortion cases in the 1st trimester, 12 cases delivered without complications in the 3rd trimester, 11 miscarriages with abnormal chromosomal karyotyped embryo, seven miscarriages with normal chromosomal karyotyped embryo, and seven cases of preeclampsia [median gestational week (interquartile range): 7 (7–9), 39 (38–40), 9 (8–10), 8 (8–10), and 34 (32–37), respectively]. The frequency of clonally expanded populations of effector Treg cells increased in decidua of 3rd trimester cases compared to 1st trimester cases [4.5% (1.4–10.8%) vs. 20.9% (15.4–28.1%), p < 0.001]. Clonally expanded Treg cells were rarely seen in peripheral blood. The ratio of clonally expanded populations of decidual effector Treg cells in miscarriages with abnormal and normal embryos was not significantly different compared with that in 1st trimester normal pregnancy. Interestingly, clonally expanded populations of effector Treg cells decreased in preeclampsia compared with that in 3rd trimester normal pregnancy [9.3% (4.4–14.5%) vs. 20.9% (15.4–28.1%), p = 0.003]. When repertoires in previous pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy were compared, some portions of the repertoire were shared. Conclusion: TCR repertoires of decidual effector Treg cells are skewed in the 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy. Failure of clonal expansion of populations of decidual effector Treg cells might be related to the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akemi Ushijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kei Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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