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Angulo V, Bleichrodt RJ, Dijksterhuis J, Erktan A, Hefting MM, Kraak B, Kowalchuk GA. Enhancement of soil aggregation and physical properties through fungal amendments under varying moisture conditions. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16627. [PMID: 38733112 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil structure and aggregation are crucial for soil functionality, particularly under drought conditions. Saprobic soil fungi, known for their resilience in low moisture conditions, are recognized for their influence on soil aggregate dynamics. In this study, we explored the potential of fungal amendments to enhance soil aggregation and hydrological properties across different moisture regimes. We used a selection of 29 fungal isolates, recovered from soils treated under drought conditions and varying in colony density and growth rate, for single-strain inoculation into sterilized soil microcosms under either low or high moisture (≤-0.96 and -0.03 MPa, respectively). After 8 weeks, we assessed soil aggregate formation and stability, along with soil properties such as soil water content, water hydrophobicity, sorptivity, total fungal biomass and water potential. Our findings indicate that fungal inoculation altered soil hydrological properties and improved soil aggregation, with effects varying based on the fungal strains and soil moisture levels. We found a positive correlation between fungal biomass and enhanced soil aggregate formation and stabilization, achieved by connecting soil particles via hyphae and modifying soil aggregate sorptivity. The improvement in soil water potential was observed only when the initial moisture level was not critical for fungal activity. Overall, our results highlight the potential of using fungal inoculation to improve the structure of agricultural soil under drought conditions, thereby introducing new possibilities for soil management in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Angulo
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Bleichrodt
- Microbiology Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amandine Erktan
- Eco&Sols, University Montpellier, IRD, INRAe, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Kraak
- Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Eltohamy KM, Menezes-Blackburn D, Klumpp E, Liu C, Jin J, Xing C, Lu Y, Liang X. Microbially Induced Soil Colloidal Phosphorus Mobilization Under Anoxic Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:7554-7566. [PMID: 38647007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of colloidal phosphorus (Pcoll) under anoxic conditions is pivotal for addressing soil phosphorus (P) mobilization and transport and its impact on nutrient cycling. Our study investigated Pcoll dynamics in acidic floodplain soil during a 30-day flooding event. The sudden oxic-to-anoxic shift led to a significant rise in pore-water Pcoll levels, which exceeded soluble P levels by more than 2.7-fold. Colloidal fractions transitioned from dispersed forms (<220 nm) to colloid-associated microaggregates (>220 nm), as confirmed by electron microscopy. The observed increase in colloidal sizes was paralleled by their heightened ability to form aggregates. Compared to sterile control conditions, anoxia prompted the transformation of initially dispersed colloids into larger particles through microbial activity. Curiously, the 16S rRNA and ITS microbial diversity analysis indicated that fungi were more strongly associated with anoxia-induced colloidal release than bacteria. These microbially induced shifts in Pcoll lead to its higher mobility and transport, with direct implications for P release from soil into floodwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel M Eltohamy
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Water Relations & Field Irrigation, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Daniel Menezes-Blackburn
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaogang Xing
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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Camenzind T, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Hempel S, Lehmann A, Bielcik M, Andrade-Linares DR, Bergmann J, Dela Cruz J, Gawronski J, Golubeva P, Haslwimmer H, Lartey L, Leifheit E, Maaß S, Marhan S, Pinek L, Powell JR, Roy J, Veresoglou SD, Wang D, Wulf A, Zheng W, Rillig MC. Towards establishing a fungal economics spectrum in soil saprobic fungi. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3321. [PMID: 38637578 PMCID: PMC11026409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Trait-based frameworks are promising tools to understand the functional consequences of community shifts in response to environmental change. The applicability of these tools to soil microbes is limited by a lack of functional trait data and a focus on categorical traits. To address this gap for an important group of soil microorganisms, we identify trade-offs underlying a fungal economics spectrum based on a large trait collection in 28 saprobic fungal isolates, derived from a common grassland soil and grown in culture plates. In this dataset, ecologically relevant trait variation is best captured by a three-dimensional fungal economics space. The primary explanatory axis represents a dense-fast continuum, resembling dominant life-history trade-offs in other taxa. A second significant axis reflects mycelial flexibility, and a third one carbon acquisition traits. All three axes correlate with traits involved in soil carbon cycling. Since stress tolerance and fundamental niche gradients are primarily related to the dense-fast continuum, traits of the 2nd (carbon-use efficiency) and especially the 3rd (decomposition) orthogonal axes are independent of tested environmental stressors. These findings suggest a fungal economics space which can now be tested at broader scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Milos Bielcik
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana R Andrade-Linares
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jeane Dela Cruz
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessie Gawronski
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Golubeva
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Haslwimmer
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology department, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Linda Lartey
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Leifheit
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maaß
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology department, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Liliana Pinek
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Julien Roy
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stavros D Veresoglou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Wulf
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Weishuang Zheng
- Marine Institute for Bioresources and Environment, Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Leifheit EF, Camenzind T, Lehmann A, Andrade-Linares DR, Fussan M, Westhusen S, Wineberger TM, Rillig MC. Fungal traits help to understand the decomposition of simple and complex plant litter. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae033. [PMID: 38486354 PMCID: PMC11022653 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process, relevant for the release and storage of nutrients and carbon in soil. Soil fungi are one of the dominant drivers of organic matter decomposition, but fungal taxa differ substantially in their functional ability to decompose plant litter. Knowledge is mostly based on observational data and subsequent molecular analyses and in vitro studies have been limited to forest ecosystems. In order to better understand functional traits of saprotrophic soil fungi in grassland ecosystems, we isolated 31 fungi from a natural grassland and performed several in vitro studies testing for i) leaf and wood litter decomposition, ii) the ability to use carbon sources of differing complexity, iii) the enzyme repertoire. Decomposition strongly varied among phyla and isolates, with Ascomycota decomposing the most and Mucoromycota decomposing the least. The phylogeny of the fungi and their ability to use complex carbon were the most important predictors for decomposition. Our findings show that it is crucial to understand the role of individual members and functional groups within the microbial community. This is an important way forward to understand the role of microbial community composition for the prediction of litter decomposition and subsequent potential carbon storage in grassland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva F Leifheit
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Diana R Andrade-Linares
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses – COMI, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Max Fussan
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sophia Westhusen
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till M Wineberger
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin 14195, Germany
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable progress in determining the soil properties that influence the structure of the soil microbiome. By contrast, the effects of microorganisms on their soil habitat have received less attention with most previous studies focusing on microbial contributions to soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. However, soil microorganisms are not only involved in nutrient cycling and organic matter transformations but also alter the soil habitat through various biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. Such microbially mediated modifications of soil properties can have local impacts on microbiome assembly with pronounced ecological ramifications. In this Review, we describe the processes by which microorganisms modify the soil environment, considering soil physics, hydrology and chemistry. We explore how microorganism-soil interactions can generate feedback loops and discuss how microbially mediated modifications of soil properties can serve as an alternative avenue for the management and manipulation of microbiomes to combat soil threats and global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Philippot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Department of Agroecology, Dijon, France.
| | - Claire Chenu
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Alahmad A, Harir M, Fochesato S, Tulumello J, Walker A, Barakat M, Ndour PMS, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Cournac L, Laplaze L, Heulin T, Achouak W. Unraveling the interplay between root exudates, microbiota, and rhizosheath formation in pearl millet. Microbiome 2024; 12:1. [PMID: 38167150 PMCID: PMC10763007 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rhizosheath, a cohesive soil layer firmly adhering to plant roots, plays a vital role in facilitating water and mineral uptake. In pearl millet, rhizosheath formation is genetically controlled and influenced by root exudates. Here, we investigated the impact of root exudates on the microbiota composition, interactions, and assembly processes, and rhizosheath structure in pearl millet using four distinct lines with contrasting soil aggregation abilities. RESULTS Utilizing 16S rRNA gene and ITS metabarcoding for microbiota profiling, coupled with FTICR-MS metabonomic analysis of metabolite composition in distinct plant compartments and root exudates, we revealed substantial disparities in microbial diversity and interaction networks. The ß-NTI analysis highlighted bacterial rhizosphere turnover driven primarily by deterministic processes, showcasing prevalent homogeneous selection in root tissue (RT) and root-adhering soil (RAS). Conversely, fungal communities were more influenced by stochastic processes. In bulk soil assembly, a combination of deterministic and stochastic mechanisms shapes composition, with deterministic factors exerting a more pronounced role. Metabolic profiles across shoots, RT, and RAS in different pearl millet lines mirrored their soil aggregation levels, emphasizing the impact of inherent plant traits on microbiota composition and unique metabolic profiles in RT and exudates. Notably, exclusive presence of antimicrobial compounds, including DIMBOA and H-DIMBOA, emerged in root exudates and RT of low aggregation lines. CONCLUSIONS This research underscores the pivotal influence of root exudates in shaping the root-associated microbiota composition across pearl millet lines, entwined with their soil aggregation capacities. These findings underscore the interconnectedness of root exudates and microbiota, which jointly shape rhizosheath structure, deepening insights into soil-plant-microbe interactions and ecological processes shaping rhizosphere microbial communities. Deciphering plant-microbe interactions and their contribution to soil aggregation and microbiota dynamics holds promise for the advancement of sustainable agricultural strategies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Alahmad
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- UniLaSalle, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, AGHYLE Rouen UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, 76130, Mont-Saint- Aignan, France
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analytl Food Chem, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sylvain Fochesato
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Joris Tulumello
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Papa Mamadou Sitor Ndour
- CIRAD, INRAE, Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, Institut Agro, IRD FR, Montpellier, France
- UCEIV-ULCO, 50 Rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228, Calais, France
- LMI IESOL, Centre de Recherche, ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analytl Food Chem, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Laurent Cournac
- CIRAD, INRAE, Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, Institut Agro, IRD FR, Montpellier, France
- LMI IESOL, Centre de Recherche, ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche, ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Thierry Heulin
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
| | - Wafa Achouak
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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Ma Z, Zhao S, Pan Y, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang M, Zhang Z. Natural and regenerated saltmarshes exhibit different bulk soil and aggregate-associated organic and inorganic carbon contents but similar total carbon contents. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119451. [PMID: 37944315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Saltmarshes are considered to be one of the planet's most efficient carbon sinks. The continued loss of saltmarshes and induced ecological consequences promoted their restoration worldwide. Previous efforts aimed to evaluate the success of restoration in terms of organic carbon accumulation, but inorganic carbon and carbon contents within soil aggregates, which are essential for making a comprehensive assessment of the carbon sink function, were rarely studied. To fill this gap, a range of metrics including bulk and aggregate-associated soil organic and inorganic carbon contents together with the soil's physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were measured to compare natural and a 15-year restoration effort in saltmarsh habitats within the Yellow River Delta region in eastern China. The results showed that regenerated saltmarsh exhibited significantly higher soil organic carbon (SOC) contents but significantly lower soil inorganic carbon contents, resulting in no notable change in total carbon contents between the regenerated and natural saltmarshes. SOC contents within the silt and clay fractions and their contribution to the bulk SOC contents were significantly lower in the regenerated saltmarsh than those in the natural ones (P < 0.05). In regenerated saltmarsh, significantly lower soil microbial biomass and distinct microbial community composition with reduced Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria ratios were observed compared to natural saltmarsh. These findings indicate the stability of SOC fraction and soil microbe-mediated carbon biogeochemical processes differed between naturally occurring and artificially regenerated saltmarshes. As interest in blue carbon programs gains global attention, further research on the generation and transformation processes of different carbon fractions during restoration are needed, which can be conducive to elucidating more details in coastal carbon cycling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Ma
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yueyan Pan
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiakai Liu
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wang L, Tang X, Liu X, Xue R, Zhang J. Mineral solubilizing microorganisms and their combination with plants enhance slope stability by regulating soil aggregate structure. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1303102. [PMID: 38223289 PMCID: PMC10786348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The stability of exposed slopes is prone to natural disasters, seriously threatening socio-economic and human security. Through years of exploration and research, we proposed an active permanent greening (APG) method based on patented mineral solubilizing microorganisms (MSMs) as an improvement over the traditional greening method. Methods In this study, we selected two MSMs (Bacillus thuringiensis and Gongronella butleri) and a plant species (Lolium perenne L.) set up six treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) to investigate the effectiveness of the MSMs and their combinations with the plant species on the soil stability using APG method. Results We noted that both MSMs and the plant species significantly improved soil aggregate stability and organic matter content. Of all the treatments, the T1 treatment exhibited better results, with soil aggregate stability and organic matter content increased to 45.63% and 137.57%, respectively, compared to the control. Soil stability was significant positively correlated with macroaggregate content and negatively with microaggregates. Using structural equation modeling analysis, we further evaluated the mechanism underpinning the influence of organic matter content and fractions on the content of each graded agglomerates. The analysis showed that the macroaggregate content was influenced by the presence of the plant species, primarily realized by altering the content of organic matter and aromatic and amide compounds in the agglomerates, whereas the microaggregate content was influenced by the addition of MSMs, primarily realized by the content of organic matter and polysaccharide compounds. Overall, we observed that the effect of the co-action of MSMs and the plant species was significantly better than that of using MSMs or the plant species alone. Discussion The findings of this study provide reliable data and theoretical support for the development and practical application of the APG method to gradually develop and improve the new greening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinggang Tang
- Jiangxi Institute of Land Space Survey and Planning, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-protection and Restoration in Great Lakes Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rengui Xue
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ashilenje DS, Amombo E, Hirich A, Devkota KP, Kouisni L, Nilahyane A. Irrigated barley-grass pea crop mixtures can revive soil microbial activities and alleviate salinity in desertic conditions of southern Morocco. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13174. [PMID: 37580392 PMCID: PMC10425461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely limits crop and soil health, and this can be reversed by cropping systems where species exclude salts and activate microbial nutrient cycling. A randomized complete block design experiment was established in Laayoune-Morocco to evaluate the influence of irrigated grass pea and barley monocrops or combined together in 50-50% and 70-30% mixtures against soil salinity and CO2-C flux in sites with varying salinity. Site by treatment interaction significantly influenced (p < 0.05) soil salinity and CO2-C flux. Salinity reduced by 37 to 68 dS m-1 in highly saline soils across season regardless of treatment and barley monocrop retained the least salinity (15 dS m-1). Same applied to sites with low (1 to 2 dS m-1) and medium (2 to 5 dS m-1) salinity although less pronounced. The 70-30% grass pea, barley mixture maintained the greatest CO2-C flux in soils with low salinity and marginally enhancing soil active carbon (130 to 229 mg kg-1 soil) in different sites. Increasingly saline water filled pore space devastated CO2-C flux, although this process recovered under barley at extreme salinity. Overall, barley in mixture with grass pea can alleviate salinity and accelerate microbial carbon sequestration if irrigation is modulated in shallow desertic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis S Ashilenje
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Erick Amombo
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Krishna P Devkota
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
- Soil, Water, Agronomy (SWA) Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Nilahyane
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco.
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Niza Costa M, Gil T, Teixeira R, Rodrígues dos Santos AS, Rebelo Romão I, Sequero López C, Vílchez JI. Combined Use of a Bacterial Consortium and Early-Colonizing Plants as a Treatment for Soil Recovery after Fire: A Model Based on Los Guájares (Granada, Spain) Wildfire. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1093. [PMID: 37626979 PMCID: PMC10452388 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
During 2022, intense heat waves, together with particularly extreme dry conditions, created a propitious scenario for wildfires, resulting in the area of vegetation consumed in Europe doubling. Mediterranean countries have been particularly affected, reaching 293,155 hectares in Spain, the worst data in the last 15 years. The effects on the vegetation and the soil are devastating, so knowing the recovery factors is essential for after-fire management. Resilient microorganisms play a fundamental role in rapid nutrient recycling, soil structure, and plant colonization in fire-affected soils. In this present work, we have studied emergent microbial communities in the case of the Los Guájares (Granada, Spain) fire, one of the most extensive of the year, to evaluate their role in the recovery of soil and vegetation cover. We aim to discern which are the main actors in order to formulate a new treatment that helps in the ecosystem recovery. Thus, we have found the relevant loss in phosphorous and potassium solubilizers, as well as siderophores or biofilm producers. Here, we decided to use the strains Pseudomonas koreensis AC, Peribacillus frigoritolerans CB, Pseudomonas fluorescens DC, Paenibacillus lautus C, Bacillus toyonensis CD, and Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus AI as a consortium, as they showed most of the capacities required in a regenerative treatment. On the other hand, the microcosm test showed an enhanced pattern of germination of the emerging model plant, Bituminaria bituminosa, as well as a more aggregated structure for soil. This new approach can create a relevant approach in order to recover fire-affected soils in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Niza Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB)-NOVA, iPlantMicro Lab, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.N.C.); (T.G.); (R.T.); (A.S.R.d.S.); (I.R.R.)
| | - Tatiana Gil
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB)-NOVA, iPlantMicro Lab, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.N.C.); (T.G.); (R.T.); (A.S.R.d.S.); (I.R.R.)
| | - Raquel Teixeira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB)-NOVA, iPlantMicro Lab, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.N.C.); (T.G.); (R.T.); (A.S.R.d.S.); (I.R.R.)
| | - Ana Sofía Rodrígues dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB)-NOVA, iPlantMicro Lab, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.N.C.); (T.G.); (R.T.); (A.S.R.d.S.); (I.R.R.)
| | - Inês Rebelo Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB)-NOVA, iPlantMicro Lab, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.N.C.); (T.G.); (R.T.); (A.S.R.d.S.); (I.R.R.)
| | - Cristina Sequero López
- GeoBioTec, Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Juan Ignacio Vílchez
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB)-NOVA, iPlantMicro Lab, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.N.C.); (T.G.); (R.T.); (A.S.R.d.S.); (I.R.R.)
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Kaiser CF, Perilli A, Grossmann G, Meroz Y. Studying root-environment interactions in structured microdevices. J Exp Bot 2023:erad122. [PMID: 37042515 PMCID: PMC10353529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In negotiating with the environment, plant roots integrate sensory information over space and time, as the basis of decision making in roots under non-uniform conditions. The complexity and dynamic properties of soil across spatial and temporal scales pose a significant technical challenge for research on mechanisms that drive metabolism, growth and development in roots, as well as on inter-organismal networks in the rhizosphere. Synthetic environments, combining microscopic access and manipulation capabilities with soil-like heterogeneity, are needed to elucidate the intriguing tug-of-war that characterises subsurface ecosystems. Microdevices have provided opportunities for innovative approaches to observe, analyse and manipulate plant roots and advanced our understanding of their development, physiology and interactions with the environment. Initially conceived as perfusion platforms for root cultivation under hydroponic conditions, microdevice design has, in recent years, increasingly shifted to better reflect the complex growth conditions in soil. Heterogeneous micro-environments have been created through co-cultivation with microbes, laminar flow-based local stimulation and physical obstacles and constraints. As such, structured microdevices provide an experimental entry point to the complex network behaviour of soil communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian-Frederic Kaiser
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessia Perilli
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasmine Meroz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Alfonzetti M, Doleac S, Mills CH, Gallagher RV, Tetu S. Characterizing Effects of Microbial Biostimulants and Whole-Soil Inoculums for Native Plant Revegetation. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010055. [PMID: 36677347 PMCID: PMC9867050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbes play important roles in plant health and ecosystem functioning, however, they can often be disturbed or depleted in degraded lands. During seed-based revegetation of such sites there is often very low germination and seedling establishment success, with recruitment of beneficial microbes to the rhizosphere one potential contributor to this problem. Here we investigated whether Australian native plant species may benefit from planting seed encapsulated within extruded seed pellets amended with one of two microbe-rich products: a commercial vermicast extract biostimulant or a whole-soil inoculum from a healthy reference site of native vegetation. Two manipulative glasshouse trials assessing the performance of two Australian native plant species (Acacia parramattensis and Indigofera australis) were carried out in both unmodified field-collected soil (trial 1) and in the same soil reduced in nutrients and microbes (trial 2). Seedling emergence and growth were compared between pelleted and bare-seeded controls and analyzed alongside soil nutrient concentrations and culturable microbial community assessments. The addition of microbial amendments maintained, but did not improve upon, high levels of emergence in both plant species relative to unamended pellets. In trial 1, mean time to emergence of Acacia parramattensis seedlings was slightly shorter in both amended pellet types relative to the standard pellets, and in trial 2, whole-soil inoculum pellets showed significantly improved growth metrics. This work shows that there is potential for microbial amendments to positively affect native plant emergence and growth, however exact effects are dependent on the type of amendment, the plant species, and the characteristics of the planting site soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alfonzetti
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sebastien Doleac
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Rachael V. Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.V.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Sasha Tetu
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.V.G.); (S.T.)
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13
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Keuschnig C, Martins JMF, Navel A, Simonet P, Larose C. Micro-fractionation shows microbial community changes in soil particles below 20 μm. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMicro-scale analysis of microbes in soil is essential to the overall understanding of microbial organization, interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Soil fractionation according to its aggregated structure has been used to access microbial habitats. While bacterial communities have been extensively described, little is known about the fungal communities at scales relevant to microbial interactions.MethodsWe applied a gentle soil fractionation method to preserve stable aggregated structures within the range of micro-aggregates and studied fungal and bacterial communities as well as nitrogen cycling potentials in the pristine Rothamsted Park Grass soil (bulk soil) as well as in its particle size fractions (PSFs; >250 μm, 250–63 μm, 63–20 μm, 20–2 μm, <2 μm, and supernatant).ResultsOverall bacterial and fungal community structures changed in PSFs below 20 μm. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota decreased with decreasing particle size over the entire measure range, while Ascomycota showed an increase and Mucoromycota became more prominent in particles below 20 μm. Bacterial diversity was found highest in the < 2 μm fraction, but only a few taxa were washed-off during the procedure and found in supernatant samples. These taxa have been associated with exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation (e.g., Pseudomonas, Massilia, Mucilaginibacter, Edaphobaculum, Duganella, Janthinobacterium, and Variovorax). The potential for nitrogen reduction was found elevated in bigger aggregates.DiscussionThe observed changes below 20 μm particle are in line with scales where microbes operate and interact, highlighting the potential to focus on little researched sub-fractions of micro-aggregates. The applied method shows potential for use in studies focusing on the role of microbial biofilms in soil and might also be adapted to research various other soil microbial functions. Technical advances in combination with micro-sampling methods in soil promise valuable output in soil studies when particles below 20 μm are included.
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14
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Pucetaite M, Hitchcock A, Obst M, Persson P, Hammer EC. Nanoscale chemical mapping of exometabolites at fungal-mineral interfaces. Geobiology 2022; 20:650-666. [PMID: 35686583 PMCID: PMC9546123 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mineral-associated organic matter is an integral part of soil carbon pool. Biological processes contribute to the formation of such organo-mineral complexes when soil microbes, and in particular soil fungi, deposit a suite of extracellular metabolic compounds and their necromass on the mineral surfaces. While studied in bulk, micro- to nanoscale fungal-mineral interactions remain elusive. Of particular interest are the mutual effects at the interface between the fungal exometabolites and proximal mineral particles. In this work, we have grown saprotrophic and symbiotic fungi in contact with two soil minerals with contrasting properties: quartz and goethite, on top of X-ray transparent silicon nitride membrane windows and analyzed fungal hyphae by synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy in combination with near edge X-ray fine structure spectroscopy at C(K) and Fe(L) absorption edges. In the resultant chemical maps, we were able to visualize and differentiate organic compounds constituting the fungal cells, their extracellular metabolites, and the exometabolites adsorbing on the minerals. We found that the composition of the exometabolites differed between the fungal functional guilds, particularly, in their sugar to protein ratio and potassium concentration. In samples with quartz and goethite, we observed adsorption of the exometabolic compounds on the mineral surfaces with variations in their chemical composition around the particles. Although we did not observe clear alteration in the exometabolite chemistry upon mineral encounters, we show that fungal-mineral interaction result in reduction of Fe(III) in goethite. This process has been demonstrated for bulk systems, but, to our knowledge, this is the first observation on a single hypha scale offering insight into its underlying biological mechanisms. This demonstrates the link between processes initiated at the single-cell level to macroscale phenomena. Thus, spatially resolved chemical characterization of the microbial-mineral interfaces is crucial for an increased understanding of overall carbon cycling in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Martin Obst
- Experimental Biogeochemistry, BayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Per Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
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15
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Chaudhary VB, Holland EP, Charman-Anderson S, Guzman A, Bell-Dereske L, Cheeke TE, Corrales A, Duchicela J, Egan C, Gupta MM, Hannula SE, Hestrin R, Hoosein S, Kumar A, Mhretu G, Neuenkamp L, Soti P, Xie Y, Helgason T. What are mycorrhizal traits? Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:573-581. [PMID: 35504748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traits are inherent properties of organisms, but how are they defined for organismal networks such as mycorrhizal symbioses? Mycorrhizal symbioses are complex and diverse belowground symbioses between plants and fungi that have proved challenging to fit into a unified and coherent trait framework. We propose an inclusive mycorrhizal trait framework that classifies traits as morphological, physiological, and phenological features that have functional implications for the symbiosis. We further classify mycorrhizal traits by location - plant, fungus, or the symbiosis - which highlights new questions in trait-based mycorrhizal ecology designed to charge and challenge the scientific community. This new framework is an opportunity for researchers to interrogate their data to identify novel insights and gaps in our understanding of mycorrhizal symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bala Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | | | | | - Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lukas Bell-Dereske
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tanya E Cheeke
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 110151, Colombia
| | - Jessica Duchicela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Cameron Egan
- Department of Biology, Okanagan College, 1000 KLO Rd, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1Y 4X8
| | - Manju M Gupta
- Department of Biology, University of Delhi, Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi 110017, India
| | - S Emilia Hannula
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Hestrin
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Shabana Hoosein
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Genet Mhretu
- Department of Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
| | - Lena Neuenkamp
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Berne 3013, Switzerland; Department of Ecology and Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies 'Ramon Margalef', University of Alicante, Alicante 03009, Spain
| | - Pushpa Soti
- Biology Department, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077
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16
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Bhattacharyya SS, Ros GH, Furtak K, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Soil carbon sequestration - An interplay between soil microbial community and soil organic matter dynamics. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152928. [PMID: 34999062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) refers to the uptake of carbon (C) containing substances from the atmosphere and its storage in soil C pools. Soil microbial community (SMC) play a major role in C cycling and their activity has been considered as the main driver of differences in the potential to store C in soils. The composition of the SMC is crucial for the maintenance of soil ecosystem services, as the structure and activity of SMC also regulates the turnover and delivery of nutrients, as well as the rate of decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). Quantifying the impact of agricultural practices on both SMC and SCS is key to improve sustainability of soil management. Hence, we discuss the impact of farming practices improving SCS by altering SMC, SOM, and soil aggregates, unraveling their inter-and intra-relationships. Using quantitative and process driven insights from 197 peer-reviewed publications leads to the conclusion that the net benefits from agricultural management to improve SCS would not be sustainable if we overlook the role of soil microbial community. Reintroduction of the decayed microbial community to agricultural soils is crucial for enhancing long-term C storage potential of soils and stabilize them over time. The interactions among SMC, SOM, soil aggregates, and agricultural activities still require more knowledge and research to understand their full contribution to the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard H Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karolina Furtak
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Lybrand RA, Qafoku O, Bowden ME, Hochella MF Jr, Kovarik L, Perea DE, Qafoku NP, Schroeder PA, Wirth MG, Zaharescu DG. Fungal hyphae develop where titanomagnetite inclusions reach the surface of basalt grains. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3407. [PMID: 35232970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient foraging by fungi weathers rocks by mechanical and biochemical processes. Distinguishing fungal-driven transformation from abiotic mechanisms in soil remains a challenge due to complexities within natural field environments. We examined the role of fungal hyphae in the incipient weathering of granulated basalt from a three-year field experiment in a mixed hardwood-pine forest (S. Carolina) to identify alteration at the nanometer to micron scales based on microscopy-tomography analyses. Investigations of fungal-grain contacts revealed (i) a hypha-biofilm-basaltic glass interface coinciding with titanomagnetite inclusions exposed on the grain surface and embedded in the glass matrix and (ii) native dendritic and subhedral titanomagnetite inclusions in the upper 1–2 µm of the grain surface that spanned the length of the fungal-grain interface. We provide evidence of submicron basaltic glass dissolution occurring at a fungal-grain contact in a soil field setting. An example of how fungal-mediated weathering can be distinguished from abiotic mechanisms in the field was demonstrated by observing hyphal selective occupation and hydrolysis of glass-titanomagnetite surfaces. We hypothesize that the fungi were drawn to basaltic glass-titanomagnetite boundaries given that titanomagnetite exposed on or very near grain surfaces represents a source of iron to microbes. Furthermore, glass is energetically favorable to weathering in the presence of titanomagnetite. Our observations demonstrate that fungi interact with and transform basaltic substrates over a three-year time scale in field environments, which is central to understanding the rates and pathways of biogeochemical reactions related to nuclear waste disposal, geologic carbon storage, nutrient cycling, cultural artifact preservation, and soil-formation processes.
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Hervé V, Simon A, Randevoson F, Cailleau G, Rajoelison G, Razakamanarivo H, Bindschedler S, Verrecchia E, Junier P. Functional Diversity of the Litter-Associated Fungi from an Oxalate-Carbonate Pathway Ecosystem in Madagascar. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050985. [PMID: 34062900 PMCID: PMC8147286 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxalate-carbonate pathway (OCP) is a biogeochemical process linking oxalate oxidation and carbonate precipitation. Currently, this pathway is described as a tripartite association involving oxalogenic plants, oxalogenic fungi, and oxalotrophic bacteria. While the OCP has recently received increasing interest given its potential for capturing carbon in soils, there are still many unknowns, especially regarding the taxonomic and functional diversity of the fungi involved in this pathway. To fill this gap, we described an active OCP site in Madagascar, under the influence of the oxalogenic tree Tamarindus indica, and isolated, identified, and characterized 50 fungal strains from the leaf litter. The fungal diversity encompassed three phyla, namely Mucoromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, and 23 genera. Using various media, we further investigated their functional potential. Most of the fungal strains produced siderophores and presented proteolytic activities. The majority were also able to decompose cellulose and xylan, but only a few were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Regarding oxalate metabolism, several strains were able to produce calcium oxalate crystals while others decomposed calcium oxalate. These results challenge the current view of the OCP by indicating that fungi are both oxalate producers and degraders. Moreover, they strengthen the importance of the role of fungi in C, N, Ca, and Fe cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hervé
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (A.S.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (P.J.)
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.R.); (E.V.)
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6421178122
| | - Anaële Simon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (A.S.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Finaritra Randevoson
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Guillaume Cailleau
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (A.S.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (P.J.)
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Gabrielle Rajoelison
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;
| | | | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (A.S.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (P.J.)
| | - Eric Verrecchia
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (A.S.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (P.J.)
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Gabbarini LA, Figuerola E, Frene JP, Robledo NB, Ibarbalz FM, Babin D, Smalla K, Erijman L, Wall LG. Impacts of switching tillage to no-tillage and vice versa on soil structure, enzyme activities and prokaryotic community profiles in Argentinean semi-arid soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6133470. [PMID: 33571359 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of tillage on soil structure, physiology and microbiota structure were studied in a long-term field experiment, with side-to-side plots, established to compare effects of conventional tillage (CT) vs no-till (NT) agriculture. After 27 years, part of the field under CT was switched to NT and vice versa. Soil texture, soil enzymatic profiles and the prokaryotic community structure (16S rRNA genes amplicon sequencing) were analyzed at two soil depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm) in samples taken 6, 18 and 30 months after switching tillage practices. Soil enzymatic activities were higher in NT than CT, and enzymatic profiles responded to the changes much earlier than the overall prokaryotic community structure. Beta diversity measurements of the prokaryotic community indicated that the levels of stratification observed in long-term NT soils were already recovered in the new NT soils 30 months after switching from CT to NT. Bacteria and Archaea OTUs that responded to NT were associated with coarse soil fraction, soil organic carbon and C cycle enzymes, while CT responders were related to fine soil fractions and S cycle enzymes. This study showed the potential of managing the soil prokaryotic community and soil health through changes in agricultural management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A Gabbarini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelo, Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelos, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eva Figuerola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI, CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Frene
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelo, Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelos, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia B Robledo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelo, Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelos, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico M Ibarbalz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI, CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Doreen Babin
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leonardo Erijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI, CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis G Wall
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelo, Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología de Suelos, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Xiong DS, Yang YB, Hu BY, Miao CP, Wang YL, Zou JM, Li L, Li YQ, Luo XD, Zhao LX. Myrothins A-F from Endophytic Fungus Myrothecium sp. BS-31 Harbored in Panax notoginseng. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000964. [PMID: 33533151 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi play important roles for host's stress tolerance including invasion by pathogenic microbes. Small molecules are common weapons in the microbe-microbe interactions. Panax notoginseng is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plant and harbors many endophytes, some exert functions against pathogens. Here, we report six new compounds named myrothins A-F (1-6) produced by Myrothecium sp. BS-31, an endophyte isolated from P. notoginseng, and their antifungal activities against pathogenic fungi causing host root-rot disease. Their structures were elucidated with analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS. Myrothins B (2) and E (5) showed the weak activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma herbarum, and myrothins F (6) showed weak activity against F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Sen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Ping Miao
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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21
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Rasa K, Pennanen T, Peltoniemi K, Velmala S, Fritze H, Kaseva J, Joona J, Uusitalo R. Pulp and paper mill sludges decrease soil erodibility. J Environ Qual 2021; 50:172-184. [PMID: 33084047 PMCID: PMC7898543 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Declining carbon (C) content in agricultural soils threatens soil fertility and makes soil prone to erosion, which could be rectified with organic soil amendments. In a 4-yr field trial, we made a single application of three different organic sludges from the pulp and paper industry and studied their effects on cereal yield, soil C content, and fungal and bacterial composition. In laboratory rainfall simulations, we also studied the effects of the soil amendments on susceptibility to erosion and nutrient mobilization of a clay-textured soil by measuring the quality of percolation water passing through 40-cm intact soil monoliths during 2-d rainfall simulations over four consecutive years after application. A nutrient-poor fiber sludge reduced wheat yield in the first growing season, but there were no other significant effects on cereal yield or grain quality. An input of ∼8 Mg ha-1 C with the soil amendments had only minor effects on soil C content after 4 yr, likely because of fast microbe-mediated turnover. The amendments clearly changed the fungal and bacterial community composition. All amendments significantly reduced suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in percolation water. The effect declined with time, but the reduction in SS and TP was still >25% 4 yr after application. We attributed the lower tendency for particle detachment in rain simulations to direct interactions of soil minerals with the added particulate organic matter and microbe-derived compounds that stabilize soil aggregates. In soils with low organic matter content, pulp and paper industry by-products can be a viable measure for erosion mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Rasa
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandTietotie 4JokioinenFI‐31600Finland
| | - Taina Pennanen
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandLatokartanonkaari 9HelsinkiFI‐00790Finland
| | - Krista Peltoniemi
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandLatokartanonkaari 9HelsinkiFI‐00790Finland
| | - Sannakajsa Velmala
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandLatokartanonkaari 9HelsinkiFI‐00790Finland
| | - Hannu Fritze
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandLatokartanonkaari 9HelsinkiFI‐00790Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandTietotie 4JokioinenFI‐31600Finland
| | - Juuso Joona
- Soilfood OyViikinkaari 6HelsinkiFI‐00790Finland
| | - Risto Uusitalo
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandTietotie 4JokioinenFI‐31600Finland
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Cavael U, Tost P, Diehl K, Büks F, Lentzsch P. Correlations of Soil Fungi, Soil Structure and Tree Vigour on an Apple Orchard with Replant Soil. Soil Systems 2020; 4:70. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems4040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The soil-borne apple replant disease (ARD) is caused by biotic agents and affected by abiotic properties. There is evidence for the interrelation of the soil fungal population and soil aggregate structure. The aim of this study conducted between March and October 2020 on an orchard in north-east Germany was to detect the correlations of soil fungal density, soil structure and tree vigour under replant conditions in a series of time intervals. By using the replant system as the subject matter of investigation, we found that replanting had an impact on the increase of soil fungal DNA, which correlated with a mass decrease of large macro-aggregates and an increase of small macro- and large micro-aggregates in the late summer. Increased proportions of water-stable aggregates (WS) with binding forces ≤ 50 J mL−1, decreased proportions of WS > 100 J mL−1 and a decrease of the mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD) emphasised a reduction of aggregate stability in replant soils. Correlation analyses highlighted interactions between replant-sensitive soil fungi (Alternaria-group), the loss of soil structure and suppressed tree vigour, which become obvious only at specific time intervals.
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Zheng W, Lehmann A, Ryo M, Vályi KK, Rillig MC. Growth rate trades off with enzymatic investment in soil filamentous fungi. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11013. [PMID: 32620925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Saprobic soil fungi drive many important ecosystem processes, including decomposition, and many of their effects are related to growth rate and enzymatic ability. In mycology, there has long been the implicit assumption of a trade-off between growth and enzymatic investment, which we test here using a set of filamentous fungi from the same soil. For these fungi we measured growth rate (as colony radial extension) and enzymatic repertoire (activities of four enzymes: laccase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase), and explored the interaction between the traits based on phylogenetically corrected methods. Our results support the existence of a trade-off, however only for the enzymes presumably representing a larger metabolic cost (laccase and cellobiohydrolase). Our study offers new insights into potential functional complementarity within the soil fungal community in ecosystem processes, and experimentally supports an enzymatic investment/growth rate trade-off underpinning phenomena including substrate succession.
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