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Mirambo MM, Michael F, Nyawale H, Mbugano F, Walwa MB, Mahamba D, Msanga DR, Okamo B, Damiano P, Mshana SE. The High Seropositivity of Mumps Virus IgG Antibodies among School-Aged Children in Rural Areas of the Mbarali District in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania: It Is High Time for Consideration in the National Immunization Program. Children (Basel) 2024; 11:73. [PMID: 38255386 PMCID: PMC10814223 DOI: 10.3390/children11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mumps is an acute contagious viral disease caused by paramyxovirus characterized by complications that include orchitis, oophoritis, aseptic meningitis, and spontaneous abortion among many others. This study reports high mumps IgG seropositivity among school-aged children in rural areas of the Mbeya region, information that might be useful in understanding the epidemiology of mumps and instituting appropriate control measures including vaccination. Between May and July 2023, a cross-sectional study involving 196 enrolled children aged 5-13 years was conducted. Sociodemographic information and other relevant information were collected using a structured data collection tool. Blood samples were collected and used to detect mumps immunoglobulin G antibodies using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A descriptive analysis was performed using STATA version 15. The median age of the enrolled children was 13 (interquartile range (IQR): 8-13) years. The seropositivity of mumps IgG antibodies was 88.8% (174/196, 95% CI: 83.5-92.5). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, history of fever (OR: 5.36, 95% CI: 1.02-28.22, p = 0.047) and sharing utensils (OR: 8.05, 95% CI: 1.99-32.65, p = 0.003) independently predicted mumps IgG seropositivity. More than three-quarters of school-aged children in rural areas of the Mbeya region are mumps IgG-seropositive, which is significantly associated with the sharing of utensils and history of fever. This suggests that the virus is endemic in this region, which calls for further studies across the country so as to institute evidence-based, appropriate control measures including a vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M. Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Fausta Michael
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania;
| | - Helmut Nyawale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Frank Mbugano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Maneja B. Walwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Dina Mahamba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma P.O. Box 395, Tanzania;
| | - Delfina R. Msanga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Bernard Okamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Prisca Damiano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
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Gavilán AM, Perán-Ramos P, Sanz JC, García-Comas L, Pérez-Abeledo M, Castellanos AM, Berciano JM, López-Perea N, Masa-Calles J, Echevarría JE, Fernández-García A. Investigating Local Patterns of Mumps Virus Circulation, Using a Combination of Molecular Tools. Viruses 2023; 15:2420. [PMID: 38140661 PMCID: PMC10747990 DOI: 10.3390/v15122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus (MuV). However, MuV has re-emerged in many countries with high vaccine coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends molecular surveillance based on sequencing of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene. Additionally, the combined use of SH and non-coding regions (NCR) has been described in different studies, proving to be a useful complement marker to discriminate general patterns of circulation at national and international levels. The aim of this work is to test local-level usefulness of the combination of SH and MF-NCR sequencing in tracing hidden transmission clusters and chains during the last epidemic wave (2015-2020) in Spain. A database with 903 cases from the Autonomous Community of Madrid was generated by the integration of microbiological and epidemiological data. Of these, 453 representative cases were genotyped. Eight different SH variants and thirty-four SH haplotypes were detected. Local MuV circulation showed the same temporal pattern previously described at a national level. Only two of the thirteen previously identified outbreaks were caused by more than one variant/haplotype. Geographical representation of SH variants allowed the identification of several previously undetected clusters, which were analysed phylogenetically by the combination of SH and MF-NCR, in a total of 90 cases. MF-NCR was not able to improve the discrimination of geographical clusters based on SH sequencing, showing limited resolution for outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Gavilán
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.M.B.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Paula Perán-Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Juan Carlos Sanz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid, 28055 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis García-Comas
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Pérez-Abeledo
- Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid, 28055 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Castellanos
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.M.B.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - José M. Berciano
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Noemí López-Perea
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Masa-Calles
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan E. Echevarría
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.M.B.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Aurora Fernández-García
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.M.B.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.S.); (N.L.-P.); (J.M.-C.)
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