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Wei M, Wu T, Chen N. Bridging neurotrophic factors and bioactive peptides to Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102177. [PMID: 38142891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. As the demographic shifting towards an aging population, AD has emerged as a prominent public health concern. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, and there are no effective treatment methods for AD until now. In recent years, neurotrophic factors and bioactive peptides including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), irisin, melatonin, have been discovered to exert neuroprotective functions for AD. Bioactive peptides can be divided into two categories based on their sources: endogenous and exogenous. This review briefly elaborates on the pathogenesis of AD and analyzes the regulatory effects of endogenous and exogenous peptides on the pathogenesis of AD, thereby providing new therapeutic targets for AD and a theoretical basis for the application of bioactive peptides as adjunctive therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Wei
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by both amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. With the increasing number of AD patients, elucidating underlying mechanisms and developing corresponding interventional strategies are necessary. Hypotheses about AD such as amyloid cascade, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic, and vascular hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and all of them play a certain role in the development of AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis is currently the most widely studied; however, other hypotheses are also gaining support. This article summarizes the recent evidence regarding major pathological hypotheses of AD and their potential interplay, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis and their implications for the development of effective treatments. This could stimulate further studies and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Guo Q, Cai Q, Huang F, Wei Z, Wang JZ, Zhang B, Liu R, Yang Y, Wang X, Li HL. The Therapeutic Effects of Seven Lycophyte Compounds on Cell Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:795-809. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: As an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), Huperzine-A (Hup-A) is marketed for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for decades in China. However, Hup-A causes some side effects. To search for new analogs or derivatives of Hup-A, we produced five Lycophyte alkaloids and two analogues by chemical synthesis: Lyconadins A-E, H-R-NOB, and 2JY-OBZ4. Objective: To systematically evaluated the therapeutic effects of the seven compounds on AD cell models. Methods: We assessed the effects of the seven compounds on cell viability via CCK-8 kit and used HEK293-hTau cells and N2a-hAPP cells as AD cell models to evaluate their potential therapeutic effects. We examined their effects on cholinesterase activity by employing the mice primary neuron. Results: All compounds did not affect cell viability; in addition, Lyconadin A and 2JY-OBZ4 particularly increased cell viability. Lyconadin D and Lyconadin E restored tau phosphorylation at Thr231, and H-R-NOB and 2JY-OBZ4 restored tau phosphorylation at Thr231 and Ser396 in GSK-3β-transfected HEK293-hTau cells. 2JY-OBZ4 decreased the level of PP2Ac-pY307 and increased the level of PP2Ac-mL309, supporting that 2JY-OBZ4 may activate PP2A. Lyconadin B, Lyconadin D, Lyconadin E, H-R-NOB, and 2JY-OBZ4 increased sAβPPα level in N2a-hAPP cells. 2JY-OBZ4 decreased the levels of BACE1 and sAβPPβ, thereby reduced Aβ production. Seven compounds exhibited weaker AChE activity inhibition efficiency than Hup-A. Among them, 2JY-OBZ4 showed the strongest AChE inhibition activity with an inhibition rate of 17% at 10μM. Conclusion: Among the seven lycophyte compounds, 2JY-OBZ4 showed the most expected effects on promoting cell viability, downregulating tau hyperphosphorylation, and Aβ production and inhibiting AChE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
| | - Qinfeng Cai
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Lian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen Z, Wu M, Lai Q, Zhou W, Wen X, Yin X. Epigenetic regulation of synaptic disorder in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:888014. [PMID: 35992921 PMCID: PMC9382295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.888014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are critical structures involved in neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Their activity depends on their complete structure and function, which are the basis of learning, memory, and cognitive function. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by synaptic loss, synaptic disorder, and plasticity impairment. AD pathogenesis is characterized by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Changes in various receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, synaptic components, and dendritic spines lead to synaptic disorder. Changes in epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, RNA interference, and histone modification, are closely related to AD. These can affect neuronal and synaptic functions by regulating the structure and expression of neuronal genes. Some drugs have ameliorated synaptic and neural dysfunction in AD models via epigenetic regulation. We reviewed the recent progress on pathological changes and epigenetic mechanisms of synaptic dysregulation in AD to provide a new perspective on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Qin Lai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weixin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yin,
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Chen ZR, Huang JB, Yang SL, Hong FF. Role of Cholinergic Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:1816. [PMID: 35335180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter secreted by cholinergic neurons, is involved in signal transduction related to memory and learning ability. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive and commonly diagnosed neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by memory and cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and remains unclear, being affected by various factors. The cholinergic hypothesis is the earliest theory about the pathogenesis of AD. Cholinergic atrophy and cognitive decline are accelerated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In addition, abnormal central cholinergic changes can also induce abnormal phosphorylation of ttau protein, nerve cell inflammation, cell apoptosis, and other pathological phenomena, but the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. Due to the complex and unclear pathogenesis, effective methods to prevent and treat AD are unavailable, and research to explore novel therapeutic drugs is various and active in the world. This review summaries the role of cholinergic signaling and the correlation between the cholinergic signaling pathway with other risk factors in AD and provides the latest research about the efficient therapeutic drugs and treatment of AD.
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Liang YY, Zhang LD, Luo X, Wu LL, Chen ZW, Wei GH, Zhang KQ, Du ZA, Li RZ, So KF, Li A. All roads lead to Rome - a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1210-1227. [PMID: 34782555 PMCID: PMC8643060 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.325012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan, leading to considerable economic and social burdens. Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective, impractical, and expensive. Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise (called “exerkines”) help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition, emotion, and psychomotor coordination. Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well. This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise. The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages, genders, and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Hao Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-An Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ren-Zhi Li
- International Department of the Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Shi H, Ge X, Ma X, Zheng M, Cui X, Pan W, Zheng P, Yang X, Zhang P, Hu M, Hu T, Tang R, Zheng K, Huang XF, Yu Y. A fiber-deprived diet causes cognitive impairment and hippocampal microglia-mediated synaptic loss through the gut microbiota and metabolites. Microbiome 2021; 9:223. [PMID: 34758889 PMCID: PMC8582174 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment, an increasing mental health issue, is a core feature of the aging brain and neurodegenerative diseases. Industrialized nations especially, have experienced a marked decrease in dietary fiber intake, but the potential mechanism linking low fiber intake and cognitive impairment is poorly understood. Emerging research reported that the diversity of gut microbiota in Western populations is significantly reduced. However, it is unknown whether a fiber-deficient diet (which alters gut microbiota) could impair cognition and brain functional elements through the gut-brain axis. RESULTS In this study, a mouse model of long-term (15 weeks) dietary fiber deficiency (FD) was used to mimic a sustained low fiber intake in humans. We found that FD mice showed impaired cognition, including deficits in object location memory, temporal order memory, and the ability to perform daily living activities. The hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure was damaged in FD mice, characterized by widened synaptic clefts and thinned postsynaptic densities. A hippocampal proteomic analysis further identified a deficit of CaMKIId and its associated synaptic proteins (including GAP43 and SV2C) in the FD mice, along with neuroinflammation and microglial engulfment of synapses. The FD mice also exhibited gut microbiota dysbiosis (decreased Bacteroidetes and increased Proteobacteria), which was significantly associated with the cognitive deficits. Of note, a rapid differentiating microbiota change was observed in the mice with a short-term FD diet (7 days) before cognitive impairment, highlighting a possible causal impact of the gut microbiota profile on cognitive outcomes. Moreover, the FD diet compromised the intestinal barrier and reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We exploit these findings for SCFA receptor knockout mice and oral SCFA supplementation that verified SCFA playing a critical role linking the altered gut microbiota and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, reports that a fiber-deprived diet leads to cognitive impairment through altering the gut microbiota-hippocampal axis, which is pathologically distinct from normal brain aging. These findings alert the adverse impact of dietary fiber deficiency on brain function, and highlight an increase in fiber intake as a nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of developing diet-associated cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingxuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4113, Australia
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Robbins M, Clayton E, Kaminski Schierle GS. Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:149. [PMID: 34503576 PMCID: PMC8428049 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the synaptic aspects of Tau pathology occurring during Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this may relate to memory impairment, a major hallmark of AD. Whilst the clinical diagnosis of AD patients is a loss of working memory and long-term declarative memory, the histological diagnosis is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-beta plaques. Tau pathology spreads through synaptically connected neurons to impair synaptic function preceding the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, axonal retraction and cell death. Alongside synaptic pathology, recent data suggest that Tau has physiological roles in the pre- or post- synaptic compartments. Thus, we have seen a shift in the research focus from Tau as a microtubule-stabilising protein in axons, to Tau as a synaptic protein with roles in accelerating spine formation, dendritic elongation, and in synaptic plasticity coordinating memory pathways. We collate here the myriad of emerging interactions and physiological roles of synaptic Tau, and discuss the current evidence that synaptic Tau contributes to pathology in AD.
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Ritala JF, Lyne SB, Sajanti A, Girard R, Koskimäki J. Towards a comprehensive understanding of p75 neurotrophin receptor functions and interactions in the brain. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:701-704. [PMID: 34472454 PMCID: PMC8530109 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neurotrophins in neuronal plasticity has recently become a strong focus in neuroregeneration research field to elucidate the biological mechanisms by which these molecules modulate synapses, modify the response to injury, and alter the adaptation response. Intriguingly, the prior studies highlight the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in various injuries and diseases such as central nervous system injuries, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. More comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms, and therapies targeting these molecular signaling networks may allow for neuronal tissue regeneration following an injury. Due to a diverse role of the p75NTR in biology, the body of evidence comprising its biological role is diffusely spread out over numerous fields. This review condenses the main evidence of p75NTR for clinical applications and presents new findings from published literature how data mining approach combined with bioinformatic analyses can be utilized to gain new hypotheses in a molecular and network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel F Ritala
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seán B Lyne
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antti Sajanti
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Janne Koskimäki
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku; Department of Psychiatry, Central Hospital of Southern Ostrobothnia, Seinäjoki; Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gupta GL, Samant NP. Current druggable targets for therapeutic control of Alzheimer's disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 109:106549. [PMID: 34464763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that has an increasingly large burden on health and social care systems. The pathophysiology involves the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles contributing to neuronal death and leading to cognition impairment. However, its cause remains poorly understood, and there is no cure for AD despite extensive research and billions of dollars spent over decades. Currently, there are only four US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and one combination therapy available in the market for the symptomatic relief of AD. Since 2003, no new drug has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of AD. Researchers continue to explore new treatments and therapeutic strategies to treat AD. The need for novel discoveries on therapeutic targets and the development of new therapeutic approaches is imminent when considering the current expectations regarding the increased number of AD cases each year and the huge financial cost amounted to healthcare. This review focused on the current status of drugs in the clinical pipeline targeting β-amyloid, tau phosphorylation, or neurotransmitter dysfunction for therapeutic control of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari Lal Gupta
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur Campus, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India; Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nikita Patil Samant
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, Maharashtra, India
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Sajanti A, Lyne SB, Girard R, Frantzén J, Rantamäki T, Heino I, Cao Y, Diniz C, Umemori J, Li Y, Takala R, Posti JP, Roine S, Koskimäki F, Rahi M, Rinne J, Castrén E, Koskimäki J. A comprehensive p75 neurotrophin receptor gene network and pathway analyses identifying new target genes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14984. [PMID: 32917932 PMCID: PMC7486379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) is an important receptor for the role of neurotrophins in modulating brain plasticity and apoptosis. The current understanding of the role of p75NTR in cellular adaptation following pathological insults remains blurred, which makes p75NTR’s related signaling networks an interesting and challenging initial point of investigation. We identified p75NTR and related genes through extensive data mining of a PubMed literature search including published works related to p75NTR from the past 20 years. Bioinformatic network and pathway analyses of identified genes (n = 235) were performed using ReactomeFIViz in Cytoscape based on the highly reliable Reactome functional interaction network algorithm. This approach merges interactions extracted from human curated pathways with predicted interactions from machine learning. Genome-wide pathway analysis showed total of 16 enriched hierarchical clusters. A total of 278 enriched single pathways were also identified (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Gene network analyses showed multiple known and new targets in the p75NTR gene network. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and investigation into the current knowledge of p75NTR signaling networks and pathways. These results also identify several genes and their respective protein products as involved in the p75NTR network, which have not previously been clearly studied in this pathway. These results can be used to generate novel hypotheses to gain a greater understanding of p75NTR in acute brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases and general response to cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Sajanti
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Seán B Lyne
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Janek Frantzén
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiro Heino
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Ying Cao
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cassiano Diniz
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Li
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Riikka Takala
- Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi P Posti
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Roine
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Fredrika Koskimäki
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Melissa Rahi
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Koskimäki
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Hämeentie 11, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Psychiatry, Central Hospital of Southern Ostrobothnia, Hanneksenrinne 7, 60220, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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12
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Şengül B, Dursun E, Verkhratsky A, Gezen-Ak D. Overexpression of α-Synuclein Reorganises Growth Factor Profile of Human Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:184-203. [PMID: 32914394 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and accumulation of aberrant α-synuclein in the brain is associated with the distinct class of neurodegenerative diseases known as α-synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Pathological changes in astrocytes contribute to all neurological disorders, and astrocytes are reported to possess α-synuclein inclusions in the context of α-synucleinopathies. Astrocytes are known to express and secrete numerous growth factors, which are fundamental for neuroprotection, synaptic connectivity and brain metabolism; changes in growth factor secretion may contribute to pathobiology of neurological disorders. Here we analysed the effect of α-synuclein overexpression in cultured human astrocytes on growth factor expression and release. For this purpose, the intracellular and secreted levels of 33 growth factors (GFs) and 8 growth factor receptors (GFRs) were analysed in cultured human astrocytes by chemiluminescence-based western/dot blot. Overexpression of human α-synuclein in cultured foetal human astrocytes significantly changes the profile of GF production and secretion. We found that human astrocytes express and secrete FGF2, FGF6, EGF, IGF1, AREG, IGFBP2, IGFBP4, VEGFD, PDGFs, KITLG, PGF, TGFB3 and NTF4. Overexpression of human α-synuclein significantly modified the profile of GF production and secretion, with particularly strong changes in EGF, PDGF, VEGF and their receptors as well as in IGF-related proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed possible interactions between α-synuclein and EGFR and GDNF, as well as with three GF receptors, EGFR, CSF1R and PDGFRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Şengül
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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