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Buhner S, Schäuffele S, Giesbertz P, Demir IE, Zeller F, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schemann M, Gilles S. Allergen-free extracts from birch, ragweed, and hazel pollen activate human and guinea-pig submucous and spinal sensory neurons. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023:e14559. [PMID: 36989179 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-allergenic, low molecular weight components of pollen grains are suspected to trigger changes in gut functions, sometimes leading to inflammatory conditions. Based on extensive neuroimmune communication in the gut wall, we investigated the effects of aqueous pollen extracts (APE) on enteric and spinal sensory neurons. METHODS Using Ca2+ and fast potentiometric imaging, we recorded the responses of guinea-pig and human submucous and guinea-pig dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to microejection of low (<3 kDa) and high (≥3 kDa) molecular weight APEs of birch, ragweed, and hazel. Histamine was determined pharmacologically and by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). KEY RESULTS Birch APE<3kDa evoked strong [Ca+2 ]i signals in the vast majority of guinea-pig DRG neurons, and in guinea-pig and human enteric neurons. The effect of birch APE≥3kDa was much weaker. Fast neuroimaging in human enteric neurons revealed an instantaneous spike discharge after microejection of birch, ragweed, and hazel APE<3kDa [median (interquartile range) at 7.0 Hz (6.2/9.8), 5.7 Hz (4.4/7.1), and 8.4 Hz (4.3/12.5), respectively]. The percentage of responding neurons per ganglion were similar [birch 40.0% (33.3/100.0), ragweed 50.8% (34.4/85.6), and hazel 83.3% (57.1/100.0)]. A mixture of histamine receptor (H1-H3) blockers significantly reduced nerve activation evoked by birch and ragweed APEs<3kDa , but was ineffective on hazel. Histamine concentrations in ragweed, birch and hazel APE's < 3 kDa were 0.764, 0.047, and 0.013 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Allergen-free APEs from birch, ragweed, and hazel evoked strong nerve activation. Altered nerve-immune signaling as a result of severe pollen exposure could be a pathophysiological feature of allergic and non-allergic gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Buhner
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Zeller
- Department of Surgery, Academic Hospital Freising, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Chanpong A, Borrelli O, Thapar N. The Potential Role of Microorganisms on Enteric Nervous System Development and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:447. [PMID: 36979382 PMCID: PMC10046024 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), the inherent nervous system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a vast nervous system that controls key GI functions, including motility. It functions at a critical interface between the gut luminal contents, including the diverse population of microorganisms deemed the microbiota, as well as the autonomic and central nervous systems. Critical development of this axis of interaction, a key determinant of human health and disease, appears to occur most significantly during early life and childhood, from the pre-natal through to the post-natal period. These factors that enable the ENS to function as a master regulator also make it vulnerable to damage and, in turn, a number of GI motility disorders. Increasing attention is now being paid to the potential of disruption of the microbiota and pathogenic microorganisms in the potential aetiopathogeneis of GI motility disorders in children. This article explores the evidence regarding the relationship between the development and integrity of the ENS and the potential for such factors, notably dysbiosis and pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites, to impact upon them in early life.
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Meade E, Garvey M. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Chronic Pain Conditions; Functional Somatic Syndrome, Neurogenic Inflammation, and Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158574. [PMID: 35955708 PMCID: PMC9369187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional somatic syndromes are increasingly diagnosed in chronically ill patients presenting with an array of symptoms not attributed to physical ailments. Conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, or irritable bowel syndrome are common disorders that belong in this broad category. Such syndromes are characterised by the presence of one or multiple chronic symptoms including widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, and abdominal pain, amongst other issues. Symptoms are believed to relate to a complex interaction of biological and psychosocial factors, where a definite aetiology has not been established. Theories suggest causative pathways between the immune and nervous systems of affected individuals with several risk factors identified in patients presenting with one or more functional syndromes. Risk factors including stress and childhood trauma are now recognised as important contributors to chronic pain conditions. Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse during childhood is considered a severe stressor having a high prevalence in functional somatic syndrome suffers. Such trauma permanently alters the biological stress response of the suffers leading to neuroexcitatory and other nerve issues associated with chronic pain in adults. Traumatic and chronic stress results in epigenetic changes in stress response genes, which ultimately leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system manifesting in a broad array of symptoms. Importantly, these systems are known to be dysregulated in patients suffering from functional somatic syndrome. Functional somatic syndromes are also highly prevalent co-morbidities of psychiatric conditions, mood disorders, and anxiety. Consequently, this review aims to provide insight into the role of the nervous system and immune system in chronic pain disorders associated with the musculoskeletal system, and central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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4
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Annaházi A, Schemann M. Contribution of the Enteric Nervous System to Autoimmune Diseases and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1383:1-8. [PMID: 36587141 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05843-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-neuronal autoantibodies can lead to subacute gastrointestinal dysmotility, presenting with various symptoms typical of intestinal pseudoobstruction, achalasia, gastroparesis, or slow intestinal transit, among others. Such autoantibodies may be produced in response to a remote tumor and accelerate the diagnosis of malignancy, but in other cases they appear without an identifiable underlying cause. One example is the type I anti-neuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA-1 otherwise known as anti-Hu), which is usually linked to small cell-lung carcinoma. Anti-Hu can directly activate enteric neurons and visceral sensory nerve fibers and has a cytotoxic effect. Various other anti-neuronal antibodies have been described, targeting different ion channels or receptors on nerve cells of the central or the enteric nervous system. Autoimmune processes targeting enteric neurons may also play a role in more common disorders such as esophageal achalasia, celiac disease, or multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, anti-enteric neuronal antibodies have been found more abundant in the common functional gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), than in controls. The pathogenesis of IBS is very complex, involving the release of various mediators from immune cells in the gut wall. Products of mast cells, such as histamine and tryptase, excite visceral afferents and enteric neurons, which may contribute to symptoms like abdominal pain and disturbed motility. Elevated serine- and cysteine-protease activity in stool of IBS-D and IBS-C patients, respectively, can be a factor leading to leaky gut and visceral hypersensitivity. More knowledge on these mediators in IBS may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic methods or therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Annaházi
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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Layer P, Andresen V, Allescher H, Bischoff SC, Claßen M, Elsenbruch S, Freitag M, Frieling T, Gebhard M, Goebel-Stengel M, Häuser W, Holtmann G, Keller J, Kreis ME, Kruis W, Langhorst J, Jansen PL, Madisch A, Mönnikes H, Müller-Lissner S, Niesler B, Pehl C, Pohl D, Raithel M, Röhrig-Herzog G, Schemann M, Schmiedel S, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Storr M, Preiß JC, Andus T, Buderus S, Ehlert U, Engel M, Enninger A, Fischbach W, Gillessen A, Gschossmann J, Gundling F, Haag S, Helwig U, Hollerbach S, Karaus M, Katschinski M, Krammer H, Kuhlbusch-Zicklam R, Matthes H, Menge D, Miehlke S, Posovszky MC, Schaefert R, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Schwandner O, Schweinlin A, Seidl H, Stengel A, Tesarz J, van der Voort I, Voderholzer W, von Boyen G, von Schönfeld J, Wedel T. Update S3-Leitlinie Reizdarmsyndrom: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie. Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie und Motilität (DGNM) – Juni 2021 – AWMF-Registriernummer: 021/016. Z Gastroenterol 2021; 59:1323-1415. [PMID: 34891206 DOI: 10.1055/a-1591-4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Layer
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - V Andresen
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - H Allescher
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Gastroent., Hepatologie u. Stoffwechsel, Klinikum Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland
| | - S C Bischoff
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - M Claßen
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - S Elsenbruch
- Klinik für Neurologie, Translational Pain Research Unit, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland.,Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - M Freitag
- Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin Department für Versorgungsforschung, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - T Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - M Gebhard
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Pathologie-Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Goebel-Stengel
- Innere Medizin II, Helios Klinik Rottweil, Rottweil, und Innere Medizin VI, Psychosomat. Medizin u. Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - W Häuser
- Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
| | - G Holtmann
- Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australien
| | - J Keller
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M E Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - J Langhorst
- Klinik für Integrative Medizin und Naturheilkunde, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Bamberg, Deutschland
| | - P Lynen Jansen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Madisch
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, interventionelle Endoskopie und Diabetologie, Klinikum Siloah, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - H Mönnikes
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - B Niesler
- Abteilung Molekulare Humangenetik Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C Pehl
- Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg, Vilsbiburg, Deutschland
| | - D Pohl
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - M Raithel
- Medizinische Klinik II m.S. Gastroenterologie und Onkologie, Waldkrankenhaus St. Marien, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | | | - M Schemann
- Lehrstuhl für Humanbiologie, TU München, Deutschland
| | - S Schmiedel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schwille-Kiuntke
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.,Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - M Storr
- Zentrum für Endoskopie, Gesundheitszentrum Starnberger See, Starnberg, Deutschland
| | - J C Preiß
- Klinik für Innere Medizin - Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie und Hepatologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
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Aziz MNM, Kumar J, Muhammad Nawawi KN, Raja Ali RA, Mokhtar NM. Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Depression, and Neurodegeneration: A Bidirectional Communication from Gut to Brain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093061. [PMID: 34578939 PMCID: PMC8468817 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are increasingly presenting with a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as deterioration in gastroenteric physiology, including visceral hypersensitivity, altered intestinal membrane permeability, and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. Functional imaging of IBS patients has revealed several abnormalities in various brain regions, such as significant activation of amygdala, thinning of insular and anterior cingulate cortex, and increase in hypothalamic gray matter, which results in poor psychiatric and cognitive outcomes. Interrelations between the enteric and central events in IBS-related gastrointestinal, neurological, and psychiatric pathologies have compelled researchers to study the gut-brain axis-a bidirectional communication that maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal and central nervous system with gut microbiota as the protagonist. Thus, it can be disrupted by any alteration owing to the gut dysbiosis or loss of diversity in microbial composition. Available evidence indicates that the use of probiotics as a part of a balanced diet is effective in the management of IBS and IBS-associated neurodegenerative and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we delineate the pathogenesis and complications of IBS from gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric standpoints while also discussing the neurodegenerative events in enteric and central nervous systems of IBS patients and the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-based therapy established on clinical and preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazirul Mubin Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.N.M.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.N.M.A.); (J.K.)
- Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.N.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.)
| | - Khairul Najmi Muhammad Nawawi
- Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.N.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.N.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza M. Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.N.M.A.); (J.K.)
- Gut Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.N.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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McClain JL, Mazzotta EA, Maradiaga N, Duque-Wilckens N, Grants I, Robison AJ, Christofi FL, Moeser AJ, Gulbransen BD. Histamine-dependent interactions between mast cells, glia, and neurons are altered following early-life adversity in mice and humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G655-G668. [PMID: 32996781 PMCID: PMC7792668 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversity contributes to the development of functional bowel disorders later in life through unresolved mechanisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early-life adversity alters anatomical and functional interactions between mast cells and enteric glia. The effects of early-life stress were studied using the neonatal maternal separation (NMS) stress mouse model. Anatomical relationships between mast cells and enteric glia were assessed using immunohistochemistry and mast cell reporter mice (Mcpt5Cre;GCaMP5g-tdT). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of histamine, histamine 1 (H1) receptors, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Functional responses of glia to mast cell mediators were assessed in calcium imaging experiments using Sox10CreERT2;GCaMP5g-tdT mice and cultured human enteric glial cells. NMS increases mast cell numbers at the level of the myenteric plexus and their proximity to myenteric ganglia. Myenteric glia respond to mediators released by activated mast cells that are blocked by H1 receptor antagonists in mice and humans and by blocking neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin in mouse tissue. Histamine replicates the effects of mast cell supernatants on enteric glia, and NMS increases histamine production by mast cells. NMS reduces glial responses to mast cell mediators in mouse tissue, while potentiating responses in cultured human enteric glia. NMS increases myenteric glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and reduces glial process length but does not cause neurodegeneration. Histamine receptor expression is not altered by NMS and is localized to neurons in mice, but glia in humans. Early-life stress increases the potential for interactions between enteric glia and mast cells, and histamine is a potential mediator of mast cell-glial interactions through H1 receptors. We propose that glial-mast cell signaling is a mechanism that contributes to enteric neuroplasticity driven by early-life adversity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Early-life adversity places an individual at risk for developing functional gastrointestinal disorders later in life through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that interactions between mast cells and glia are disrupted by early-life stress in mice and that histamine is a potential mediator of mast cell-glial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon L. McClain
- 1Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Elvio A. Mazzotta
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nidia Maradiaga
- 3Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Department Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Natalia Duque-Wilckens
- 1Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,3Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Department Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Iveta Grants
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alfred J. Robison
- 1Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Fievos L. Christofi
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adam J. Moeser
- 1Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,3Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Department Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Brian D. Gulbransen
- 1Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Abstract
AbstractThe gut’s own autonomous nervous system, the enteric nervous system (ENS), has fascinated scientists for more than 100 years. It functions, in the true sense of the word, autonomously, by performing complex tasks and controlling vital functions independently of extrinsic inputs. At the same time, the ENS is bombarded with signals from other cells in the gut wall and lumen and has to integrate all of these inputs. We describe the main functions of the ENS under physiological conditions and give a few examples of its role in gut diseases. The ENS has received increasing attention recently as scientists outside the field of Neurogastroenterology realize its important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s, autism and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Annahazi
- Human BiologyTechnical University of MunichLiesel-Beckmann Strasse 4, 85354 Freising-WeihenstephanFreising-WeihenstephanGermany
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Zhu SW, Liu ZJ, Sun QH, Duan LP. Effect of the interleukin 10 polymorphisms on interleukin 10 production and visceral hypersensitivity in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1524-32. [PMID: 31205078 DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by cytokine imbalance. Previously, decreased plasma interleukin 10 (IL-10) level was reported in patients with IBS, which may be due to genetic polymorphisms. However, there are no reports correlating the IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production in patients with IBS. This study aimed to analyze the effect of IL-10 polymorphisms on IL-10 production and its correlation with the clinical symptoms in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Methods: Two IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1800871 and rs1800896) were detected in 120 patients with IBS-D and 144 healthy controls (HC) using SNaPshot. IBS symptom severity score, Bristol scale, hospital anxiety, and depressive scale (HADS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms, as well as the psychological status and visceral sensitivity of the subjects. IL-10 levels in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while those in ileal and colonic mucosal biopsies were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results: The frequency of rs1800896 C allele was significantly lower in the patients with IBS-D than that in the HC (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.92, P = 0.0240). The IL-10 levels in the plasma (P = 0.0030) and PBMC culture supernatant (P = 0.0500) of the CT genotype subjects were significantly higher than those in the TT genotype subjects. The CT genotype subjects exhibited a higher pain threshold in the rectal distention test than the TT genotype subjects. Moreover, IL-10 rs1800871 GG genotype subjects showed an increase in the HADS score compared to other genotype subjects. Conclusions: IL-10 rs1800896 C allele is correlated with higher IL-10 levels in the plasma and the PBMC culture supernatant, which is associated with a higher pain threshold in the Chinese patients with IBS-D. This study provides an explicit relationship of IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production, which might help in understanding the pathogenesis of IBS-D.
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Schemann M, Frieling T, Enck P. To learn, to remember, to forget-How smart is the gut? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13296. [PMID: 31063665 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) resides within the gut wall and autonomously controls gut functions through coordinated activation of sensory, inter and motor neurons. Its activity is modulated by the enteric immune and endocrine system as well as by afferent and efferent nerves of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. The ENS is often referred to as the second brain and hence is able to perform sophisticated tasks. We review the evidence that the "smartness" of the ENS may even extend to its ability to learn and to memorize. Examples for habituation, sensitization, conditioned behaviour and long-term facilitation are evidence for various forms of implicit learning. Moreover, we discuss how this may change not only basic Neurogastroenterology but also our understanding of development of gut diseases and chronic disorders in gut functions. At the same time, we identify open questions and future challenges to confirm learning, memory and memory deficits in the gut. Despite some remaining experimental challenges, we are convinced that the gut is able to learn and are tempted to answer the question with: Yes, the gut is smart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Enck
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Dothel G, Chang L, Shih W, Barbaro MR, Cremon C, Stanghellini V, De Ponti F, Mayer EA, Barbara G, Sternini C. µ-opioid receptor, β-endorphin, and cannabinoid receptor-2 are increased in the colonic mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13688. [PMID: 31336406 PMCID: PMC6791736 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gut immune, cannabinoid, and opioid systems constitute an integrated network contributing to visceral sensation and pain modulation. We aimed to assess the expression of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), its ligand β-endorphin (β-END), and cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2 ) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and asymptomatic controls (AC) and their correlation with sex and symptom perception. METHODS Mucosal biopsies were obtained from the left colon of 31 IBS patients (45% women) with predominant constipation (IBS-C, 9) or diarrhea (IBS-D, 10) or with mixed bowel habits (IBS-M, 12) and 32 AC (44% women) and processed for qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS µ-opioid receptor and CB2 mRNA and protein expression and β-END protein levels were increased in patients with IBS compared to AC (all Ps=0.021). A significant sex by IBS interaction was found in relation to CB2 mRNA expression (P = .003) with women showing a markedly higher expression to men (P = .035). In contrast, in AC, men had higher expression than women (P = .033). β-END, MOR, and CB2 immunoreactivities (IR) were localized to CD4+T cells including EMR-1+ eosinophils and CD31+ T cells but not to mast cells. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of MOR, β-END, and CB2 in the mucosa of IBS patients, where they are localized to immune cells, suggests that opioid and cannabinoid systems play an immune-related compensatory role in visceral pain in IBS patients. Further work is necessary to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dothel
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - L Chang
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - W Shih
- Department of Biostatistics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - MR Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cremon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - V Stanghellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - F De Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - EA Mayer
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - G Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - C Sternini
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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12
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Abstract
Mast cells are a part of the innate immune system implicated in allergic reactions and the regulation of host-pathogen interactions. The distribution, morphology and biochemical composition of mast cells has been studied in detail in vitro and on tissue sections both at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level. More recently, the development of fluorescent reporter strains and intravital imaging modalities has enabled first glimpses of the real-time behavior of mast cells in situ. In this review, we describe commonly used imaging approaches to study mast cells in cell culture as well as within normal and diseased tissues. We further describe the interrogation of mast cell function via imaging by providing a detailed description of mast cell-nerve plexus interactions in the intestinal tract. Together, visualizing mast cells has expanded our view of these cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tikoo
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasja Barki
- LS Human Biology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Rohit Jain
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Buhner
- LS Human Biology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- LS Human Biology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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13
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Videlock EJ, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Hoffman JM, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C, Mayer EA, Chang L. Sigmoid colon mucosal gene expression supports alterations of neuronal signaling in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G140-G157. [PMID: 29565640 PMCID: PMC6109711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00288.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral factors likely play a role in at least a subset of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Few studies have investigated mucosal gene expression using an unbiased approach. Here, we performed mucosal gene profiling in a sex-balanced sample to identify relevant signaling pathways and gene networks and compare with publicly available profiling data from additional cohorts. Twenty Rome III+ IBS patients [10 IBS with constipation (IBS-C), 10 IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), 5 men/women each), and 10 age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HCs)] underwent sigmoidoscopy with biopsy for gene microarray analysis, including differential expression, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene set enrichment analysis, and comparison with publicly available data. Expression levels of 67 genes were validated in an expanded cohort, including the above samples and 18 additional participants (6 each of IBS-C, IBS-D, HCs) using NanoString nCounter technology. There were 1,270 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) in IBS-C vs. HCs but none in IBS or IBS-D vs. HCs. WGNCA analysis identified activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Nine of 67 genes were validated by the NanoString nCounter technology (FDR < 0.05) in the expanded sample. Comparison with publicly available microarray data from the Mayo Clinic and University of Nottingham supports the reproducibility of 17 genes from the microarray analysis and three of nine genes validated by nCounter in IBS-C vs. HCs. This study supports the involvement of peripheral mechanisms in IBS-C, particularly pathways mediating neuronal signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Peripheral factors play a role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which, to date, has been mostly evident in IBS with diarrhea. Here, we show that sigmoid colon mucosal gene expression profiles differentiate IBS with constipation from healthy controls. These profiling data and analysis of additional cohorts also support the concept that peripheral neuronal pathways contribute to IBS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Videlock
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Jill M Hoffman
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California
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14
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Buhner S, Hahne H, Hartwig K, Li Q, Vignali S, Ostertag D, Meng C, Hörmannsperger G, Braak B, Pehl C, Frieling T, Barbara G, De Giorgio R, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Zeller F, Boeckxstaens G, Haller D, Kuster B, Schemann M. Protease signaling through protease activated receptor 1 mediate nerve activation by mucosal supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome but not from ulcerative colitis patients. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529042 PMCID: PMC5846775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims The causes of gastrointestinal complaints in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remain poorly understood. Altered nerve function has emerged as an important pathogenic factor as IBS mucosal biopsy supernatants consistently activate enteric and sensory neurons. We investigated the neurally active molecular components of such supernatants from patients with IBS and quiescent ulcerative colitis (UC). Method Effects of supernatants from 7 healthy controls (HC), 20 IBS and 12 UC patients on human and guinea pig submucous neurons were studied with neuroimaging techniques. We identify differentially expressed proteins with proteome analysis. Results Nerve activation by IBS supernatants was prevented by the protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist SCHE79797. UC supernatants also activated enteric neurons through protease dependent mechanisms but without PAR1 involvement. Proteome analysis of the supernatants identified 204 proteins, among them 17 proteases as differentially expressed between IBS, UC and HC. Of those the four proteases elastase 3a, chymotrypsin C, proteasome subunit type beta-2 and an unspecified isoform of complement C3 were significantly more abundant in IBS compared to HC and UC supernatants. Of eight proteases, which were upregulated in IBS, the combination of elastase 3a, cathepsin L and proteasome alpha subunit-4 showed the highest prediction accuracy of 98% to discriminate between IBS and HC groups. Elastase synergistically potentiated the effects of histamine and serotonin–the two other main neuroactive substances in the IBS supernatants. A serine protease inhibitor isolated from the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 (SERPINBL), known to inhibit elastase-like proteases, prevented nerve activation by IBS supernatants. Conclusion Proteases in IBS and UC supernatants were responsible for nerve activation. Our data demonstrate that proteases, particularly those signalling through neuronal PAR1, are biomarker candidates for IBS, and protease profiling may be used to characterise IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Buhner
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannes Hahne
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hartwig
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Qin Li
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Shangdong University, Shangdong, China
| | - Sheila Vignali
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Ostertag
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Breg Braak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nuovo Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Güralp Onur Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Haller
- Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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He X, Cui LH, Wang XH, Yan ZH, Li C, Gong SD, Zheng Y, Luo Z, Wang Y. Modulation of inflammation by toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113957-113965. [PMID: 29371960 PMCID: PMC5768377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the function of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signal pathways in the pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), IBS-D animal models were established in wistar rats challenged with acute and chronic stresses (29 days). Wistar rats without stress-challenged were used as controls. IBS-D models were randomly divided into two groups: one was treated with normal saline, another group was treated with TLR4/NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (50mg/kg/week) for continuous four times. Our results demonstrate that continuous stresses can induce the characteristic symptoms of IBS-D, including high wet stool rate and intestinal flora imbalance. Further examinations of colon tissues show that the protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in IBS-D groups are higher than that in control group. The secretory levels of interleukin (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) are significantly increased in IBS-D group. Administration with PDTC effectively downregulates levels of these inflammatory factors. In contrast, interleukin-10 (IL-10) is in an opposite alteration with lower levels in IBS-D groups and the PDTC treatment increases it to the levels as in control group. Moreover, inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB by PDTC improves the microstructure of intestinal mucosa mainly by increasing the height of villi. Our results suggest that TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway plays an important role in the modulation of inflammatory responses in IBS-D, which might be a therapeutic target for the IBS-D. All of these findings also provide the evidence concerning an inherent linkage between the axis of stress/NF-κB/inflammation and IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li-Hong Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - San-Dong Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
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16
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Buhner S, Barki N, Greiter W, Giesbertz P, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Zeller F, Daniel H, Schemann M. Calcium Imaging of Nerve-Mast Cell Signaling in the Human Intestine. Front Physiol 2017; 8:971. [PMID: 29238306 PMCID: PMC5712982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is suggested that an altered microenvironment in the gut wall alters communication along a mast cell nerve axis. We aimed to record for the first time signaling between mast cells and neurons in intact human submucous preparations. Methods: We used the Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-4 AM to simultaneously image changes in intracellular calcium [Ca+2]i (%ΔF/F) in neurons and mast cells. Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges (25/75%). Results: We recorded nerve responses in 29 samples upon selective activation of 223 mast cells by IgE receptor cross linking with the antibody mAb22E7. Mast cells responded to mAb22E7 with a median [Ca+2]i increase of 20% (11/39) peaking 90 s (64/144) after the application. Only very few neurons responded and the median percentage of responding neuronal area was 0% (0/5.9). Mast cell activation remained in the presence of the fast sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin. Specific neuronal activation by transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS) in 34 samples evoked instantaneously [Ca+2]i signals in submucous neurons. This was followed by a [Ca+2]i peak response of 8%ΔF/F (4/15) in 33% of 168 mast cells in the field of view. The mast cell response was abolished by the nerve blocker tetrododoxin, reduced by the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide receptor 1 antagonist BIBN-4096 and the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide receptor antagonist PG97-269, but not by blockade of the neurokinin receptors 1-3. Conclusion: The findings revealed bidirectional signaling between mast cells and submucous neurons in human gut. In our macroscopically normal preparations a nerve to mast cell signaling was very prominent whereas a mast cell to nerve signaling was rather rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Buhner
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Natasja Barki
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greiter
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ihsan E. Demir
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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17
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Ostertag D, Annahazi A, Krueger D, Michel K, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Zeller F, Schemann M. Tryptase potentiates enteric nerve activation by histamine and serotonin: Relevance for the effects of mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28374503 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients activated neurons despite low concentrations of tryptase, histamine, and serotonin which individually would not cause spike discharge. We studied the potentiating responses between these mediators on excitability of enteric neurons. METHODS Calcium-imaging was performed using the calcium-sensitive dye Fluo-4 AM in human submucous plexus preparations from 45 individuals. Histamine, serotonin, and tryptase were applied alone and in combinations to evaluate nerve activation which was assessed by analyzing increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ), the proportion of responding neurons and the product of both defined as Ca-neuroindex (NI). Protease activated receptor (PAR) 2 activating peptide, PAR2 antagonist and the serine protease-inhibitor FUT-175 were used to particularly investigate the role of proteases. KEY RESULTS Histamine or serotonin (1 μmol/L each) evoked only few small responses (median NI [25%/75%]: 0 [0/148]; 85 [0/705] respectively). Their combined application evoked statistically similar responses (216 [21/651]). Addition of the PAR2 activator tryptase induced a significantly higher Ca-NI (1401 [867/4075]) compared to individual application of tryptase or to coapplied histamine and serotonin. This synergistic potentiation was neither mimicked by PAR2 activating peptide nor reversed by the PAR2 antagonist GB83, but abolished by FUT-175. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We observed synergistic potentiation between histamine, serotonin, and tryptase in enteric neurons, which is mediated by proteolytic activity rather than PAR2 activation. This explained neuronal activation by a cocktail of these mediators despite their low concentrations and despite a relatively small PAR2-mediated response in human submucous neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ostertag
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - A Annahazi
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - D Krueger
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - K Michel
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - I E Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Zeller
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Freising, Freising, Germany
| | - M Schemann
- Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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18
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Fabisiak A, Włodarczyk J, Fabisiak N, Storr M, Fichna J. Targeting Histamine Receptors in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Critical Appraisal. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:341-348. [PMID: 28551943 PMCID: PMC5503283 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a group of functional gastrointestinal disorders with not yet fully clarified etiology. Recent evidence suggesting that mast cells may play a central role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome paves the way for agents targeting histamine receptors as a potential therapeutic option in clinical treatment. In this review, the role of histamine and histamine receptors is debated. Moreover, the clinical evidence of anti-histamine therapeutics in irritable bowel syndrome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
| | - Natalia Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
| | - Martin Storr
- Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg,
Germany
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich,
Germany
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
- Correspondence: Jakub Fichna, PhD, DSc, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland, Tel: +48-42-272-5707, Fax: +48-42-272-5694, E-mail:
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20
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O'Malley D. Neuroimmune Cross Talk in the Gut. Neuroendocrine and neuroimmune pathways contribute to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G934-G941. [PMID: 27742703 PMCID: PMC5130550 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00272.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and disturbed bowel habit, symptoms that impact the quality of life of sufferers. The pathophysiological changes underlying this multifactorial condition are complex and include increased sensitivity to luminal and mucosal factors, resulting in altered colonic transit and visceral pain. Moreover, dysfunctional communication in the bidirectional signaling axis between the brain and the gut, which involves efferent and afferent branches of the peripheral nervous system, circulating endocrine hormones, and local paracrine and neurocrine factors, including immune and perhaps even microbial signaling molecules, has a role to play in this disorder. This minireview will examine recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of IBS and assess how cross talk between hormones, immune, and microbe-derived factors and their neuromodulatory effects on peripheral nerves may underlie IBS symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervla O'Malley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and .,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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