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Méndez-Hernández R, Rumanova VS, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Foppen E, Moreno-Morton R, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Escobar C, Kalsbeek A, Buijs RM. Minor Changes in Daily Rhythms Induced by a Skeleton Photoperiod Are Associated with Increased Adiposity and Glucose Intolerance. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200116. [PMID: 35818679 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Eating during the rest phase is associated with metabolic syndrome, proposed to result from a conflict between food consumption and the energy-saving state imposed by the circadian system. However, in nocturnal rodents, eating during the rest phase (day-feeding, DF) also implies food intake during light exposure. To investigate whether light exposure contributes to DF-induced metabolic impairments, animals receive food during the subjective day without light. A skeleton photoperiod (SP) is used to entrain rats to a 12:12 cycle with two short light pulses framing the subjective day. DF-induced adiposity is prevented by SP, suggesting that the conflict between light and feeding stimulates fat accumulation. However, all animals under SP conditions develop glucose intolerance regardless of their feeding schedule. Moreover, animals under SP with ad libitum or night-feeding have increased adiposity. SP animals show a delayed onset of the daily rise in body temperature and energy expenditure and shorter duration of nighttime activity, which may contribute to the metabolic disturbances. These data emphasize that metabolic homeostasis can only be achieved when all daily cycling variables are synchronized. Even small shifts in the alignment of different metabolic rhythms, such as those induced by SP, may predispose individuals to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Valentina S Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova ulica č. 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Moreno-Morton
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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Abstract
The circadian system, composed of the central autonomous clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and systems of the body that follow the signals of the SCN, continuously change the homeostatic set points of the body over the day-night cycle. Changes in the body's physiological state that do not agree with the time of the day feedback to the hypothalamus, and provide input to the SCN to adjust the condition, thus reaching another set point required by the changed conditions. This allows the adjustment of the set points to another level when environmental conditions change, which is thought to promote adaptation and survival. In fasting, the body temperature drops to a lower level only at the beginning of the sleep phase. Stressful conditions raise blood pressure relatively more during the active period than during the rest phase. Extensive, mostly reciprocal SCN interactions, with hypothalamic networks, induce these physiological adjustments by hormonal and autonomic control of the body's organs. More importantly, in addition to SCN's hormonal and autonomic influences, SCN induced behavior, such as rhythmic food intake, induces the oscillation of many genes in all tissues, including the so-called clock genes, which have an essential role as a transcriptional driving force for numerous cellular processes. Consequently, the light-dark cycle, the rhythm of the SCN, and the resulting rhythm in behavior need to be perfectly synchronized, especially where it involves synchronizing food intake with the activity phase. If these rhythms are not synchronous for extended periods of times, such as during shift work, light exposure at night, or frequent night eating, disease may develop. As such, our circadian system is a perfect illustration of how hypothalamic-driven processes depend on and interact with each other and need to be in seamless synchrony with the body's physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud M Buijs
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva C Soto Tinoco
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado Alvarado
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Van Der Spek R, Foppen E, Fliers E, La Fleur S, Kalsbeek A. Thermal lesions of the SCN do not abolish all gene expression rhythms in rat white adipose tissue, NAMPT remains rhythmic. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1354-1366. [PMID: 34058931 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1930027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are major health concerns worldwide. In obese-type 2 diabetic patients, the function of the central brain clock in the hypothalamus, as well as rhythmicity in white adipose tissue (WAT), are reduced. To better understand how peripheral clocks in white adipose tissue (WAT) are synchronized, we assessed the importance of the central brain clock for daily WAT rhythms. We compared gene expression rhythms of core clock genes (Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, RevErbα, and DBP) and metabolic genes (SREBP1c, PPARα, PPARγ, FAS, LPL, HSL, CPT1b, Glut4, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin/NAMPT, and resistin) in epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (eWAT and sWAT) of SCN-lesioned and sham-lesioned rats housed in regular L/D conditions. Despite complete behavioral and hormonal arrhythmicity, SCN lesioning only abolished Cry2 and DBP rhythmicity in WAT, whereas the other clock gene rhythms were significantly reduced, but not completely abolished. We observed no major differences in the effect of SCN lesions between the two WAT depots. In contrast to clock genes, all metabolic genes lost their daily rhythmicity in WAT, with the exception of NAMPT. Interestingly, NAMPT rhythmicity was even less affected by SCN lesioning than the core clock genes, suggesting that it is either strongly coupled to the remaining rhythmicity in clock gene expression, or very sensitive to other external rhythmic factors. The L/D cycle could be such a rhythmic external factor that generates modulating signals by photic masking via the intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in combination with the autonomic nervous system. Our findings indicate that in normal weight rats, gene expression rhythms in WAT can be maintained independent of the central brain clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Van Der Spek
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Kalsbeek Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne La Fleur
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,La Fleur Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Kalsbeek Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kolben Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system-chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature-based platform for chronotherapy. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13108. [PMID: 32720402 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide hormone, which plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Its levels correlate with changes in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic pathways and adropin are regulated by the circadian clocks. Here, we review the roles of the autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythms in regulating metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. The beneficial effects of chronotherapy in various systems are discussed. We suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system axis. We discuss the possibility of establishing an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm-based platform for implementing chronotherapy, and variability signatures for improving the efficacy of adropin-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Masís‐Vargas A, Ritsema WI, Mendoza J, Kalsbeek A. Metabolic Effects of Light at Night are Time- and Wavelength-Dependent in Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S114-S125. [PMID: 32700824 PMCID: PMC7497257 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are most sensitive to short wavelengths and reach brain regions that modulate biological rhythms and energy metabolism. The increased exposure nowadays to artificial light at night (ALAN), especially short wavelengths, perturbs our synchronization with the 24-hour solar cycle. Here, the time- and wavelength dependence of the metabolic effects of ALAN are investigated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to white, blue, or green light at different time points during the dark phase. Locomotor activity, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and food intake were recorded. Brains, livers, and blood were collected. RESULTS All wavelengths decreased locomotor activity regardless of time of exposure, but changes in energy expenditure were dependent on the time of exposure. Blue and green light reduced RER at Zeitgeber time 16-18 without changing food intake. Blue light increased period 1 (Per1) gene expression in the liver, while green and white light increased Per2. Blue light decreased plasma glucose and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) expression in the liver. All wavelengths increased c-Fos activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but blue and green light decreased c-Fos activity in the paraventricular nucleus. CONCLUSIONS ALAN affects locomotor activity, energy expenditure, RER, hypothalamic c-Fos expression, and expression of clock and metabolic genes in the liver depending on the time of day and wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayanci Masís‐Vargas
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI)UPR‐3212 CNRSUniversity of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Wayne I.G.R. Ritsema
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI)UPR‐3212 CNRSUniversity of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration MechanismsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Heidari MH, Zamanian Azodi M, Zali MR, Akbari Z. Light at Night Exposure Effects on Differentiation and Cell Cycle in the Rat Liver With Autonomic Nervous System Denervation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:S43-S48. [PMID: 32021672 PMCID: PMC6983860 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: N Exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) affects human health and causes several functional modifications in the body. Obesity, diabetes, and hormonal changes are reported after exposure to LAN in humans. This study aims to highlight the critical features of biological terms that are affected in the liver of rats which received autonomic nervous system denervation. Methods: The liver gene expression profiles of 8 male Wistar rats that received sympathetic plus parasympathetic hepatic denervation and were exposed to LAN from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for 1 hour were compared with 5 controls. The significant differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis STRING database (an application of Cytoscape software). Also, CuleGO and CleuDedia, the 2 applications of Cytoscape software, were used for more analysis. Results: Among 250 DEGs, 173 characterized genes with fold change more than 2 plus 100 added relevant genes were included in the PPI network. The analysis of the main connected component (MCC) led to introducing 15 hubs and 15 bottlenecks. CCT2, COPS7A, KAT2A, and ERCC1 were determined as hub-bottlenecks. Among hubs and bottlenecks, DHX15, KAT2A, CCT2, HSP90AB1, CCNE1, DHX16, LSM2, WEE1, CWC27, BAZ1B, RAB22A, DNM2, and DHX30 were linked to each other by various kinds of actions. CCT2 and KAT2A, the 2 hub-bottlenecks, were included in the interacted genes in the action map. Four classes of biological terms including negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly, negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation, alpha-tubulin acetylation, and histamine-induced gastric acid secretion were identified as the critical biochemical pathways and biological processes. Conclusion: Several essential functions such as differentiation, cell cycle, ribosome assembly, and splicing are affected by LAN in rat livers with autonomic nervous system denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Heidari
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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