1
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Yongprayoon V, Wattanakul N, Khomate W, Apithanangsiri N, Kasitipradit T, Nantajit D, Tavassoli M. Targeting BRD4: Potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:74. [PMID: 38606512 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As a member of BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) protein family, BRD4 (bromodomain‑containing protein 4) is a chromatin‑associated protein that interacts with acetylated histones and actively recruits regulatory proteins, leading to the modulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. The cellular and epigenetic functions of BRD4 implicate normal development, fibrosis and inflammation. BRD4 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target as it is often overexpressed and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression programs that drive tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and drug resistance. To address the roles of BRD4 in cancer, several drugs that specifically target BRD4 have been developed. Inhibition of BRD4 has shown promising results in preclinical models, with several BRD4 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a heterogeneous group of cancers, remains a health challenge with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. Conventional therapies for HNSCC often cause adverse effects to the patients. Targeting BRD4, therefore, represents a promising strategy to sensitize HNSCC to chemo‑ and radiotherapy allowing de‑intensification of the current therapeutic regime and subsequent reduced side effects. However, further studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of action of BRD4 in HNSCC in order to determine the optimal dosing and administration of BRD4‑targeted drugs for the treatment of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voraporn Yongprayoon
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Napasporn Wattanakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Winnada Khomate
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nathakrit Apithanangsiri
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tarathip Kasitipradit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Danupon Nantajit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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2
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Ma B, Khan KS, Xu T, Xeque Amada J, Guo Z, Huang Y, Yan Y, Lam H, Cheng ASL, Ng BWL. Targeted Protein O-GlcNAcylation Using Bifunctional Small Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9779-9789. [PMID: 38561350 PMCID: PMC11009946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) plays a crucial role in regulating essential cellular processes. The disruption of the homeostasis of O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. However, there are limited chemical tools for protein- and site-specific O-GlcNAc modification, rendering the precise study of the O-GlcNAcylation challenging. To address this, we have developed heterobifunctional small molecules, named O-GlcNAcylation TArgeting Chimeras (OGTACs), which enable protein-specific O-GlcNAcylation in living cells. OGTACs promote O-GlcNAcylation of proteins such as BRD4, CK2α, and EZH2 in cellulo by recruiting FKBP12F36V-fused O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), with temporal, magnitude, and reversible control. Overall, the OGTACs represent a promising approach for inducing protein-specific O-GlcNAcylation, thus enabling functional dissection and offering new directions for O-GlcNAc-targeting therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Ma
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Khadija Shahed Khan
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Tongyang Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Josefina Xeque Amada
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhihao Guo
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Yan
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Henry Lam
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Billy Wai-Lung Ng
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka
Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong
Kong
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3
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Kim J, Byun I, Kim DY, Joh H, Kim HJ, Lee MJ. Targeted protein degradation directly engaging lysosomes or proteasomes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3253-3272. [PMID: 38369971 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has been established as a viable alternative to attenuate the function of a specific protein of interest in both biological and clinical contexts. The unique TPD mode-of-action has allowed previously undruggable proteins to become feasible targets, expanding the landscape of "druggable" properties and "privileged" target proteins. As TPD continues to evolve, a range of innovative strategies, which do not depend on recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligases as in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have emerged. Here, we present an overview of direct lysosome- and proteasome-engaging modalities and discuss their perspectives, advantages, and limitations. We outline the chemical composition, biochemical activity, and pharmaceutical characteristics of each degrader. These alternative TPD approaches not only complement the first generation of PROTACs for intracellular protein degradation but also offer unique strategies for targeting pathologic proteins located on the cell membrane and in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Insuk Byun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyunhi Joh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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Ren J. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibition improves the efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:272-283. [PMID: 38014458 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and plays a crucial role in tumour progression. However, the impact of BRD4 on the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by regulating the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in OSCC remains unclear. In this study, we found that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 effectively enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin and radiotherapy on cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of OSCC cells by cisplatin and radiotherapy. Furthermore, treatment with JQ1 reversed the increase of the expression of PD-L1 by cisplatin and radiotherapy, whereas the overexpression of PD-L1 partially countered the beneficial effects of JQ1 on the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of BRD4 improves the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by suppressing the expression of PD-L1 in OSCC, suggesting that targeting BRD4 could be a promising therapeutic approach for chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Xu J, Li C, Kang X. The epigenetic regulatory effect of histone acetylation and deacetylation on skeletal muscle metabolism-a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1267456. [PMID: 38148899 PMCID: PMC10749939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1267456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles, the largest organ responsible for energy metabolism in most mammals, play a vital role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. Epigenetic modification, specifically histone acetylation, serves as a crucial regulatory mechanism influencing the physiological processes and metabolic patterns within skeletal muscle metabolism. The intricate process of histone acetylation modification involves coordinated control of histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase levels, dynamically modulating histone acetylation levels, and precisely regulating the expression of genes associated with skeletal muscle metabolism. Consequently, this comprehensive review aims to elucidate the epigenetic regulatory impact of histone acetylation modification on skeletal muscle metabolism, providing invaluable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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6
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Szulc NA, Piechota M, Biriczová L, Thapa P, Pokrzywa W. Lysine deserts and cullin-RING ligase receptors: Navigating untrodden paths in proteostasis. iScience 2023; 26:108344. [PMID: 38026164 PMCID: PMC10665810 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) governs the degradation of proteins by ubiquitinating their lysine residues. Our study focuses on lysine deserts - regions in proteins conspicuously low in lysine residues - in averting ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. We spotlight the prevalence of lysine deserts among bacteria leveraging the pupylation-dependent proteasomal degradation, and in the UPS of eukaryotes. To further scrutinize this phenomenon, we focused on human receptors VHL and SOCS1 to ascertain if lysine deserts could limit their ubiquitination within the cullin-RING ligase (CRL) complex. Our data indicate that the wild-type and lysine-free variants of VHL and SOCS1 maintain consistent turnover rates, unaltered by CRL-mediated ubiquitination, hinting at a protective mechanism facilitated by lysine deserts. Nonetheless, we noted their ubiquitination at non-lysine sites, alluding to alternative regulation by the UPS. Our research underscores the role of lysine deserts in limiting CRL-mediated ubiquitin tagging while promoting non-lysine ubiquitination, thereby advancing our understanding of proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Szulc
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 4 Ks. Trojdena Str., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Piechota
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 4 Ks. Trojdena Str., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilla Biriczová
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 4 Ks. Trojdena Str., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pankaj Thapa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 4 Ks. Trojdena Str., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 4 Ks. Trojdena Str., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Shi M, Zheng X, Zhou Y, Yin Y, Lu Z, Zou Z, Hu Y, Liang Y, Chen T, Yang Y, Jing M, Lei D, Yang P, Li X. Selectivity Mechanism of Pyrrolopyridone Analogues Targeting Bromodomain 2 of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:33658-33674. [PMID: 37744850 PMCID: PMC10515184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins play an important role in epigenetic regulation and are linked to several diseases; therefore, they are interesting targets. BET has two bromodomains: bromodomain 1 (BD1) and BD2. Selective targeting of BD1 or BD2 may produce different activities and greater effects than pan-BD inhibitors. However, the selective mechanism of the specific core must be studied at the atomic level. This study determined the effectiveness of pyrrolopyridone analogues to selectively inhibit BD2 using a pan-BD inhibitor (ABBV-075) and a selective-BD2 inhibitor (ABBV-744). Molecular dynamics simulations and calculations of binding free energies were used to systematically study the selectivity of BD2 inhibition by the pyrrolopyridone analogues. Overall, the pyrrolopyridone analogue inhibitors targeting BD2 interacted mainly with the following amino acid pairs between bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)-BD1 and BRD4-BD2 complexes: I146/V439, N140/N433, D144/H437, P82/P375, V87/V380, D88/D381, and Y139/Y432. The pyrrolopyridone analogues targeting BRD4-BD2 were divided into five regions based on selectivity mechanism. These results suggest that the R3 and R5 regions of pyrrolopyridone analogues can be modified to improve the selectivity between BRD4-BD1 and BRD4-BD2. The selectivity of BD2 inhibition by pyrrolopyridone analogues can be used to design novel BD2 inhibitors based on a pyrrolopyridone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Shi
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
- Innovation
Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyan Zou
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Jing
- Department
of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of
China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Lei
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department
of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of
China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang
Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621099, Sichuan, China
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8
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Drumond-Bock AL, Wang L, Wang L, Cybula M, Rostworowska M, Kinter M, Bieniasz M. Increased expression of BRD4 isoforms long (BRD4-L) and short (BRD4-S) promotes chemotherapy resistance in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Genes Cancer 2023; 14:56-76. [PMID: 37705995 PMCID: PMC10496930 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma is a puzzling issue that urges understanding of strategies used by cancer cells to survive DNA damage and to escape cell death. Expanding efforts to understand mechanisms driving chemoresistance and to develop alternative therapies targeting chemoresistant tumors are critical. Amplification of BRD4 is frequently associated with chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma, but little is known about the biological effects of the overexpression of BRD4 isoforms in this malignancy. Here, we described the consequences of BRD4-L and BRD4-S overexpression in ovarian carcinoma shedding a light on a complex regulation of BRD4 isoforms. We demonstrated that the BRD4-L transcript expression is required to generate both isoforms, BRD4-L and BRD4-S. We showed that the BRD4-S mRNA expression positively correlated with BRD4-S protein levels, while BRD4-L isoform showed negative correlation between mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we demonstrated that an overexpression of BRD4 isoforms is associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Drumond-Bock
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Luyao Wang
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Maria Rostworowska
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Magdalena Bieniasz
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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9
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Zheng X, Diktonaite K, Qiu H. Epigenetic Reader Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 in Aging-Related Vascular Pathologies and Diseases: Molecular Basis, Functional Relevance, and Clinical Potential. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1135. [PMID: 37509171 PMCID: PMC10376956 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a key independent risk factor of various vascular diseases, for which the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a member of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family and is an epigenetic reader playing diverse roles in regulating transcriptional elongation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, and alternative splicing in various cells and tissues. While BRD4 was initially recognized for its involvement in cancer progression, recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression and impaired function of BRD4 were highly associated with aging-related vascular pathology, affecting multiple key biological processes in the vascular cells and tissues, providing new insights into the understanding of vascular pathophysiology and pathogenesis of vascular diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in BRD4 biological function, and the progression of the studies related to BRD4 in aging-associated vascular pathologies and diseases, including atherosclerosis, aortic aneurism vascular neointima formation, pulmonary hypertension, and essential hypertension, providing updated information to advance our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms in vascular diseases during aging and paving the way for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (X.Z.); (K.D.)
| | - Kotryna Diktonaite
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (X.Z.); (K.D.)
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (X.Z.); (K.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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10
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Rodríguez-García C, Gutiérrez-Santiago F. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Dietary Components in Post-Translational Modifications Associated with Colorectal Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36836621 DOI: 10.3390/life13020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its main modifiable risk factors are diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Thus, the right approach through lifestyle changes may lead to its prevention. In fact, some natural dietary components have exhibited chemopreventive activity through modulation of cellular processes involved in CRC development. Although cancer is a multi-factorial process, the study of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins associated with CRC has recently gained interest, as inappropriate modification is closely related to the activation of cell signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aimed to collect the main PTMs associated with CRC, analyse the relationship between different proteins that are susceptible to inappropriate PTMs, and review the available scientific literature on the role of plant-based dietary compounds in modulating CRC-associated PTMs. In summary, this review suggested that some plant-based dietary components such as phenols, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, and alkaloids may be able to correct the inappropriate PTMs associated with CRC and promote apoptosis in tumour cells.
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11
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Luo W, He M, Luo Q, Li Y. Proteome-wide analysis of lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation in the myocardium of diabetic rat model with cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1066822. [PMID: 36698951 PMCID: PMC9868477 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1066822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine ß-hydroxybutyrylation (kbhb), a novel modification of lysine residues with the ß-hydroxybuty group, is associated with ketone metabolism in numerous species. However, its potential role in diabetes, especially in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), remains largely unexplored. In this study, using affinity enrichment and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, we quantitatively analyze the kbhb residues on heart tissues of a DCM model rat. A total of 3,520 kbhb sites in 1,089 proteins were identified in this study. Further analysis showed that 336 kbhb sites in 143 proteins were differentially expressed between the heart tissues of DCM and wild-type rats. Among them, 284 kbhb sites in 96 proteins were upregulated, while 52 kbhb sites in 47 proteins were downregulated. Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic results revealed that these kbhb-modified proteins were widely distributed in various components and involved in a wide range of cellular functions and biological processes (BPs). Functional analysis showed that the kbhb-modified proteins were involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and propanoate metabolism. Our findings demonstrated how kbhb is related to many metabolic pathways and is mainly involved in energy metabolism. These results provide the first global investigation of the kbhb profile in DCM progression and can be an essential resource to explore DCM's pathogenesis further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mei He
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, The 7th People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qizhi Luo
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Yi Li,
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12
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Situ Y, Liang Q, Zeng Z, Chen J, Shao Z, Xu Q, Lu X, Cui Y, Zhang J, Lu L, Deng L. Systematic analysis of the BET family in adrenocortical carcinoma: The expression, prognosis, gene regulation network, and regulation targets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1089531. [PMID: 36793283 PMCID: PMC9922706 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1089531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain and extracellular terminal (BET) family (including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) is considered to be a major driver of cancer cell growth and a new target for cancer therapy. Currently, more than 30 targeted inhibitors have shown significant inhibitory effects against various tumors in preclinical and clinical trials. However, the expression levels, gene regulatory networks, prognostic value, and target prediction of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically analyze the expression, gene regulatory network, prognostic value, and target prediction of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 in patients with ACC, and elucidated the association between BET family expression and ACC. We also provided useful information on BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 and potential new targets for the clinical treatment of ACC. METHODS We systematically analyzed the expression, prognosis, gene regulatory network, and regulatory targets of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 in ACC using multiple online databases, including cBioPortal, TRRUST, GeneMANIA, GEPIA, Metascape, UALCAN, LinkedOmics, and TIMER. RESULTS The expression levels of BRD3 and BRD4 were significantly upregulated in ACC patients at different cancer stages. Moreover, the expression of BRD4 was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of ACC. ACC patients with low BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 expressions had longer survival than patients with high BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 expressions. The expression of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 was altered by 5%, 5%, and 12% in 75 ACC patients, respectively. The frequency of gene alterations in the 50 most frequently altered BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 neighboring genes in these ACC patients were ≥25.00%, ≥25.00%, and ≥44.44%, respectively. BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 and their neighboring genes form a complex network of interactions mainly through co-expression, physical interactions, and shared protein domains. Molecular functions related to BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 and their neighboring genes mainly include protein-macromolecule adaptor activity, cell adhesion molecule binding, and aromatase activity. Chemokine signaling pathway, thiamine metabolism, and olfactory transduction were found to be enriched as per the KEGG pathway analysis. SP1, NPM1, STAT3, and TP53 are key transcription factors for BRD2, BRD4, and their neighboring genes. MiR-142-3P, miR-484, and miR-519C were the main miRNA targets of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and their neighboring genes. We analyzed the mRNA sequencing data from 79 patients with ACC and found that ZSCAN12, DHX16, PRPF4B, EHMT1, CDK5RAP2, POMT1, WIZ, ZNF543, and AKAP8 were the top nine genes whose expression were positively associated with BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 expression. The expression level of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 positively correlated with B cell and dendritic cell infiltration levels. BRD4-targeted drug PFI-1 and (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4)-targeted drug I-BET-151 may have good inhibitory effects on the SW13 cell line. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide a partial basis for the role of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 in the occurrence and development of ACC. In addition, this study also provides new potential therapeutic targets for ACC, which can serve as a reference for future basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Situ
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yongli Situ, ; Li Deng,
| | - Quanyan Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Zeng
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jv Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zheng Shao
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinying Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshi Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Juying Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Parasitology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yongli Situ, ; Li Deng,
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Kołat D, Zhao LY, Kciuk M, Płuciennik E, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż. AP-2δ Is the Most Relevant Target of AP-2 Family-Focused Cancer Therapy and Affects Genome Organization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244124. [PMID: 36552887 PMCID: PMC9776946 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Formerly hailed as "undruggable" proteins, transcription factors (TFs) are now under investigation for targeted therapy. In cancer, this may alter, inter alia, immune evasion or replicative immortality, which are implicated in genome organization, a process that accompanies multi-step tumorigenesis and which frequently develops in a non-random manner. Still, targeting-related research on some TFs is scarce, e.g., among AP-2 proteins, which are known for their altered functionality in cancer and prognostic importance. Using public repositories, bioinformatics tools, and RNA-seq data, the present study examined the ligandability of all AP-2 members, selecting the best one, which was investigated in terms of mutations, targets, co-activators, correlated genes, and impact on genome organization. AP-2 proteins were found to have the conserved "TF_AP-2" domain, but manifested different binding characteristics and evolution. Among them, AP-2δ has not only the highest number of post-translational modifications and extended strands but also contains a specific histidine-rich region and cleft that can receive a ligand. Uterine, colon, lung, and stomach tumors are most susceptible to AP-2δ mutations, which also co-depend with cancer hallmark genes and drug targets. Considering AP-2δ targets, some of them were located proximally in the spatial genome or served as co-factors of the genes regulated by AP-2δ. Correlation and functional analyses suggested that AP-2δ affects various processes, including genome organization, via its targets; this has been eventually verified in lung adenocarcinoma using expression and immunohistochemistry data of chromosomal conformation-related genes. In conclusion, AP-2δ affects chromosomal conformation and is the most appropriate target for cancer therapy focused on the AP-2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Papadakos SP, Tsagkaris C, Papadakis M, Papazoglou AS, Moysidis DV, Zografos CG, Theocharis S. Angiogenesis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: From bench to bedside. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1469-1477. [PMID: 36160752 PMCID: PMC9412926 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i8.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare neoplasms with an estimated incidence from 0.78 to 1-1.5 patients per 100000. They most commonly occur in the elderly during the eighth decade of life affecting predominantly the stomach, but also the small intestine, the omentum, mesentery and rectosigmoid. The available treatments for GIST are associated with a significant rate of recurrent disease and adverse events. Thorough understanding of GIST’s pathophysiology and translation of this knowledge into novel regimens or drug repurposing is essential to counter this challenge. The present review summarizes the existing evidence about the role of angiogenesis in GIST’s development and progression and discusses its clinical underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10679, Greece
| | | | - Marios Papadakis
- University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal 42283, Germany
| | - Andreas S Papazoglou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Moysidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Constantinos G Zografos
- First Department of Surgery, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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