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Huang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1480. [PMID: 36011137 PMCID: PMC9408295 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to review and provide an informative synthesis of the findings from longitudinal studies that describe the relationship between sedentary behavior and various health outcomes among young adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles that examined the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults aged 18–34 years. Two reviewers independently examined the articles and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The level of evidence was determined using the best-evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in the analysis, 18 of which were high-quality studies. On the basis of inconsistency in the findings among studies, insufficient evidence was concluded for sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, cognitive function, and mood disorders. Based on one high-quality study, moderate evidence for a negative relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness was observed. Conclusions: Given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behaviors and the inconsistent current findings, additional longitudinal studies of high methodologic quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults.
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Bailey DP, Stringer CA, Maylor BD, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK. Lower Amounts of Daily and Prolonged Sitting Do Not Lower Free-Living Continuously Monitored Glucose Concentrations in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomised Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030605. [PMID: 35276965 PMCID: PMC8840170 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the short-term continuously monitored glucose responses between higher and lower amounts of prolonged sitting in overweight and obese adults under free-living conditions. In a randomised crossover design, 12 participants (age 48 ± 10 years, body mass index 33.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2) completed two four-day experimental regimens while wearing a continuous glucose monitor, as follows: (1) uninterrupted sitting (participants were instructed to sit for ≥10 h/day and accrue ≥7, 1 h sitting bouts each day), and (2) interrupted sitting (participants were instructed to interrupt sitting every 30 min during ten of their waking hours with 6−10 min of activity accrued in each hour). Linear mixed models compared outcomes between regimens. None of the continuously monitored glucose variables differed between regimens, e.g., 24 h net incremental area under the glucose curve was 5.9 [95% CI: −1.4, 13.1] and 5.6 [95% CI: −1.7, 12.8] mmol/L∙24 h, respectively (p = 0.47). Daily sitting (−58 min/day, p = 0.001) and sitting bouts lasting ≥30 min (−99 min/day, p < 0.001) were significantly lower and stepping time significantly higher (+40 min/day, p < 0.001) in the interrupted sitting than the uninterrupted sitting regimen. In conclusion, lower amounts of daily and prolonged sitting did not improve free-living continuously measured glucose among overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Bailey
- Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (C.A.S.); (B.D.M.); (J.K.Z.-F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlotte A. Stringer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (C.A.S.); (B.D.M.); (J.K.Z.-F.)
| | - Benjamin D. Maylor
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (C.A.S.); (B.D.M.); (J.K.Z.-F.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Julia K. Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (C.A.S.); (B.D.M.); (J.K.Z.-F.)
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Gopi P, Anju TR, Pillai VS, Veettil M. SARS-Coronavirus 2, A Metabolic Reprogrammer: A Review in the Context of the Possible Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:770-781. [PMID: 34533443 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210917113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 is advancing at a staggering pace to devastate the health care system and foster the concerns over public health. In contrast to the past outbreaks, coronaviruses aren't clinging themselves as a strict respiratory virus. Rather, becoming a multifaceted virus, it affects multiple organs by interrupting a number of metabolic pathways leading to significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Following infection they rigorously reprogram multiple metabolic pathways of glucose, lipid, protein, nucleic acid and their metabolites to extract adequate energy and carbon skeletons required for their existence and further molecular constructions inside a host cell. Although the mechanism of these alterations are yet to be known, the impact of these reprogramming is reflected in the hyper inflammatory responses, so called cytokine storm and the hindrance of host immune defence system. The metabolic reprogramming during SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be considered while devising therapeutic strategies to combat the disease and its further complication. The inhibitors of cholesterol and phospholipids synthesis and cell membrane lipid raft of the host cell can, to a great extent, control the viral load and further infection. Depletion of energy source by inhibiting the activation of glycolytic and hexoseamine biosynthetic pathway can also augment the antiviral therapy. The cross talk between these pathways also necessitates the inhibition of amino acid catabolism and tryptophan metabolism. A combinatorial strategy which can address the cross talks between the metabolic pathways might be more effective than a single approach and the infection stage and timing of therapy will also influence the effectiveness of the antiviral approach. We herein focus on the different metabolic alterations during the course of virus infection that help to exploit the cellular machinery and devise a therapeutic strategy which promotes resistance to viral infection and can augment body's antivirulence mechanisms. This review may cast the light into the possibilities of targeting altered metabolic pathways to defend virus infection in a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Gopi
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - T R Anju
- Department of Biotechnology, Newman College, Thodupuzha 685585, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Soman Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Mohanan Veettil
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram 695317, Kerala, India
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Abstract
For infectious-disease outbreaks, clinical solutions typically focus on efficient pathogen destruction. However, the COVID-19 pandemic provides a reminder that infectious diseases are complex, multisystem conditions, and a holistic understanding will be necessary to maximize survival. For COVID-19 and all other infectious diseases, metabolic processes are intimately connected to the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and the resulting pathology and pathophysiology, as well as the host defence response to the infection. Here, I examine the relationship between metabolism and COVID-19. I discuss why preexisting metabolic abnormalities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, may be important risk factors for severe and critical cases of infection, highlighting parallels between the pathophysiology of these metabolic abnormalities and the disease course of COVID-19. I also discuss how metabolism at the cellular, tissue and organ levels might be harnessed to promote defence against the infection, with a focus on disease-tolerance mechanisms, and speculate on the long-term metabolic consequences for survivors of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Paul DJ, Nassis GP, Kerouani AC, Bangsbo J. Postprandial lipaemia 10 and 34 hours after playing football: Does playing frequency affect the response? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218043. [PMID: 31265450 PMCID: PMC6605649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated postprandial triglyceride (TG) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The time window for the last bout beneficial effect on postprandial lipaemia after football play is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine whether playing affects postprandial TG during 1.5 day of reduced activity. Eighteen males were randomly allocated to perform either 1 (1FOOT; n = 9; age = 33.0 ± 5.0 yrs; body mass index = 24.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2) or 3 (3FOOT) consecutive days of 60-min 5 vs 5 football (n = 9; age = 32.8 ± 5.2 yrs; body mass index = 26.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2) matches across a 5-day study period. They arrived to the laboratory 10 hrs and 34 hrs after the final football session and blood samples were collected at fasted (0 min) and 45, 90, 240 and 360 min post a high fat load meal. There were non significant increase for postprandial TG AUC (9.1%; p = 0.17; 95%CI = -0.43 to 2.0; ES = -0.23) and iAUC (14.2%; p = 0.43; 95%CI = -0.92 to 1.9; ES = -0.24) between 10 and 34 hrs after the 1FOOT. For the 3FOOT, there was a non significant decrease in postprandial TG AUC (-2.7%; p = 0.73; 95%CI = -2.0 to 1.5; ES = 0.05) and iAUC (-17.5%; p = 0.41; 95%ci = -2.5 to 1.1; ES = 0.31) from 10 to 34 hrs, respectively. Performing three consecutive days of football exercise may offer no greater protective effect for postprandial TG before a period of reduced activity, compared to a single session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J. Paul
- Aspetar – Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Exercise Sport Science Department, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - George P. Nassis
- Department of Sports Science, City Unity College, Athens, Greece
- School of Physical Education and Sports Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Anissa C. Kerouani
- Aspetar – Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athletes Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rynders CA, Blanc S, DeJong N, Bessesen DH, Bergouignan A. Sedentary behaviour is a key determinant of metabolic inflexibility. J Physiol 2017; 596:1319-1330. [PMID: 28543022 DOI: 10.1113/jp273282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is defined as the ability to adapt substrate oxidation rates in response to changes in fuel availability. The inability to switch between the oxidation of lipid and carbohydrate appears to be an important feature of chronic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Laboratory assessment of metabolic flexibility has traditionally involved measurement of the respiratory quotient (RQ) by indirect calorimetry during the fasted to fed transition (e.g. mixed meal challenge) or during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Under these controlled experimental conditions, 'metabolic inflexibility' is characterized by lower fasting fat oxidation (higher fasting RQ) and/or an impaired ability to oxidize carbohydrate during feeding or insulin-stimulated conditions (lower postprandial or clamp RQ). This experimental paradigm has provided fundamental information regarding the role of substrate oxidation in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the key determinants of metabolic flexibility among relevant clinical populations remain unclear. Herein, we propose that habitual physical activity levels are a primary determinant of metabolic flexibility. We present evidence demonstrating that high levels of physical activity predict metabolic flexibility, while physical inactivity and sedentary behaviours trigger a state of metabolic 'inflexibility', even among individuals who meet physical activity recommendations. Furthermore, we describe alternative experimental approaches to studying the concept of metabolic flexibility across a range of activity and inactivity. Finally, we address the promising use of strategies that aim to reduce sedentary behaviours as therapy to improve metabolic flexibility and reduce weight gain risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Rynders
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephane Blanc
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France.,UMR 7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathan DeJong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France.,UMR 7178 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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