1
|
Silnitsky S, Rubin SJS, Zerihun M, Qvit N. An Update on Protein Kinases as Therapeutic Targets-Part I: Protein Kinase C Activation and Its Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17600. [PMID: 38139428 PMCID: PMC10743896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most significant drug targets in the human proteome, historically harnessed for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and a growing number of other conditions, including autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Since the approval of the first kinase inhibitors in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the field has grown exponentially, comprising 98 approved therapeutics to date, 37 of which were approved between 2016 and 2021. While many of these small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors that interact orthosterically with the protein kinase ATP binding pocket have been massively successful for oncological indications, their poor selectively for protein kinase isozymes have limited them due to toxicities in their application to other disease spaces. Thus, recent attention has turned to the use of alternative allosteric binding mechanisms and improved drug platforms such as modified peptides to design protein kinase modulators with enhanced selectivity and other pharmacological properties. Herein we review the role of different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in cancer and cardiovascular disease, with particular attention to PKC-family inhibitors. We discuss translational examples and carefully consider the advantages and limitations of each compound (Part I). We also discuss the recent advances in the field of protein kinase modulators, leverage molecular docking to model inhibitor-kinase interactions, and propose mechanisms of action that will aid in the design of next-generation protein kinase modulators (Part II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Silnitsky
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Samuel J. S. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Mulate Zerihun
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Liu M, Chu M. Strategies targeting IL-33/ST2 axis in the treatment of allergic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115911. [PMID: 37981174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor Serum Stimulation-2 (ST2, also called Il1rl1) are members of the IL-1 superfamily that plays a crucial role in allergic diseases. The interaction of IL-33 and ST2 mainly activates NF-κB signaling and MAPK signaling via the MyD88/IRAK/TRAF6 module, resulting in the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The IL-33/ST2 axis participates in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, and therefore serves as a promising strategy for allergy treatment. In recent years, strategies blocking IL-33/ST2 through targeting regulation of IL-33 and ST2 or targeting the molecules involved in the signal transduction have been extensively studied mostly in animal models. These studies provide various potential therapeutic agents other than antibodies, such as small molecules, nucleic acids and traditional Chinese medicines. Herein, we reviewed potential targets and agents targeting IL-33/ST2 axis in the treatment of allergic diseases, providing directions for further investigations on treatments for IL-33 induced allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University. Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University. Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Peking University. Beijing, China; Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding D, Luan R, Xue Q, Yang J. Prognostic significance of peripheral blood S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 concentrations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cytokine 2023; 172:156387. [PMID: 37826869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 are inflammatory disease biomarkers whose functional significance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. We evaluated the significance of S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 levels in IPF development and prognosis. METHODS The dataset was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes were screened using GEO2R. We conducted a retrospective study of 106 patients with IPF to explore the relationships between different biomarkers and poor outcomes. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and functional enrichment analyses were used to evaluate relationships between these biomarkers' levels and clinical parameters or prognosis. RESULTS Serum levels of S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 were significantly elevated in patients with IPF. The two most significant co-expression genes of S100A12 were S100A8 and S100A9. Patients with levels of S100A12 (median 231.21 ng/mL), S100A9 (median 57.09 ng/mL) or S100A8 (median 52.20 ng/mL), as well as combined elevated S100A12, S100A9, and S100A8 levels, exhibited shorter progression-free survival and overall survival. Serum S100A12 and S100A8, S100A12 and S100A9, S100A9 and S100A8 concentrations also displayed a strong positive correlation (rs2 = 0.4558, rs2 = 0.4558, rs2 = 0.6373; P < 0.001). S100A12 and S100A8/9 concentrations were independent of FVC%, DLCO%, and other clinical parameters (age, laboratory test data, and smoking habit). Finally, in multivariate analysis, the serum levels of S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 were significant prognostic factors (hazard ratio 1.002, P = 0.032, hazard ratio 1.039, P = 0.001, and hazard ratio 1.048, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 are promising circulating biomarkers that may aid in determining IPF patient prognosis. Multicenter clinical trials are needed to confirm their clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rumei Luan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianfei Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pokhreal D, Crestani B, Helou DG. Macrophage Implication in IPF: Updates on Immune, Epigenetic, and Metabolic Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:2193. [PMID: 37681924 PMCID: PMC10486697 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology with a poor prognosis. It is a chronic and progressive disease that has a distinct radiological and pathological pattern from common interstitial pneumonia. The use of immunosuppressive medication was shown to be completely ineffective in clinical trials, resulting in years of neglect of the immune component. However, recent developments in fundamental and translational science demonstrate that immune cells play a significant regulatory role in IPF, and macrophages appear to be among the most crucial. These highly plastic cells generate multiple growth factors and mediators that highly affect the initiation and progression of IPF. In this review, we will provide an update on the role of macrophages in IPF through a systemic discussion of various regulatory mechanisms involving immune receptors, cytokines, metabolism, and epigenetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pokhreal
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
- FHU APOLLO, Service de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Doumet Georges Helou
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guilherme RF, Silva JBN, Waclawiack I, Fraga-Junior VS, Nogueira TO, Pecli C, Araújo-Silva CA, Magalhães NS, Lemos FS, Bulant CA, Blanco PJ, Serra R, Svensjö E, Scharfstein J, Moraes JA, Canetti C, Benjamim CF. Pleiotropic antifibrotic actions of aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 in the lungs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:886601. [PMID: 36960058 PMCID: PMC10030054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.886601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis is a destructive, progressive disease that dramatically reduces life quality of patients, ultimately leading to death. Therapeutic regimens for pulmonary fibrosis have shown limited benefits, hence justifying the efforts to evaluate the outcome of alternative treatments. Methods Using a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis, in the current work we asked whether treatment with pro-resolution molecules, such as pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) could ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. To this end, we injected aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (7S,8R,17R-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E19Z-docosahexaenoic acid; ATRvD1; i.v.) 7 and 10 days after BLM (intratracheal) challenge and samples were two weeks later. Results and discussion Assessment of outcome in the lung tissues revealed that ATRvD1 partially restored lung architecture, reduced leukocyte infiltration, and inhibited formation of interstitial edema. In addition, lung tissues from BLM-induced mice treated with ATRvD1 displayed reduced levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1-β, and TGF-β. Of further interest, ATRvD1 decreased lung tissue expression of MMP-9, without affecting TIMP-1. Highlighting the beneficial effects of ATRvD1, we found reduced deposition of collagen and fibronectin in the lung tissues. Congruent with the anti-fibrotic effects that ATRvD1 exerted in lung tissues, α-SMA expression was decreased, suggesting that myofibroblast differentiation was inhibited by ATRvD1. Turning to culture systems, we next showed that ATRvD1 impaired TGF-β-induced fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblast. After showing that ATRvD1 hampered extracellular vesicles (EVs) release in the supernatants from TGF-β-stimulated cultures of mouse macrophages, we verified that ATRvD1 also inhibited the release of EVs in the bronco-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of BLM-induced mice. Motivated by studies showing that BLM-induced lung fibrosis is linked to angiogenesis, we asked whether ATRvD1 could blunt BLM-induced angiogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch model (HCP). Indeed, our intravital microscopy studies confirmed that ATRvD1 abrogates BLM-induced angiogenesis. Collectively, our findings suggest that treatment of pulmonary fibrosis patients with ATRvD1 deserves to be explored as a therapeutic option in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F. Guilherme
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Bruno N.F. Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Imunobiologia e Estudos em Saúde, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Waclawiack
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S. Fraga-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís O. Nogueira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cyntia Pecli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlla A. Araújo-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia S. Magalhães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe S. Lemos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Bulant
- Pladema Institute, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo J. Blanco
- Departamento de Métodos Matemático e Computacional, Laboratório Nacional para Computação Científica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Serra
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erik Svensjö
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlio Scharfstein
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João A. Moraes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia F. Benjamim
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Claudia F. Benjamim,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic condition with a high global morbidity and mortality rate that affects the whole body. Their primary consequences are mostly caused by the macrovascular and microvascular bed degradation brought on by metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory variables. However, research in recent years has expanded the target organ in T2DM to include the lung. Inflammatory lung diseases also impose a severe financial burden on global healthcare. T2DM has long been recognized as a significant comorbidity that influences the course of various respiratory disorders and their disease progress. The pathogenesis of the glycemic metabolic problem and endothelial microangiopathy of the respiratory disorders have garnered more attention lately, indicating that the two ailments have a shared history. This review aims to outline the connection between T2DM related endothelial cell dysfunction and concomitant respiratory diseases, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lanlan Zhang, ; Xin Zhang, ; Chuntao Liu,
| | - Faming Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Mo
- Department of Neurology Medicine, The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) 363 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lanlan Zhang, ; Xin Zhang, ; Chuntao Liu,
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lanlan Zhang, ; Xin Zhang, ; Chuntao Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Loots DT, Adeniji AA, Van Reenen M, Ozturk M, Brombacher F, Parihar SP. The metabolomics of a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) knock-out mouse model. Metabolomics 2022; 18:92. [PMID: 36371785 PMCID: PMC9660189 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PKCδ is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and its dysregulation plays a key role in the onset of several incurable diseases and metabolic disorders. However, much remains unknown about the metabolic pathways and disturbances induced by PKC deficiency, as well as the metabolic mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVES This study aims to use metabolomics to further characterize the function of PKC from a metabolomics standpoint, by comparing the full serum metabolic profiles of PKC deficient mice to those of wild-type mice. METHODS The serum metabolomes of PKCδ knock-out mice were compared to that of a wild-type strain using a GCxGC-TOFMS metabolomics research approach and various univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Thirty-seven serum metabolite markers best describing the difference between PKCδ knock-out and wild-type mice were identified based on a PCA power value > 0.9, a t-test p-value < 0.05, or an effect size > 1. XERp prediction was also done to accurately select the metabolite markers within the 2 sample groups. Of the metabolite markers identified, 78.4% (29/37) were elevated and 48.65% of these markers were fatty acids (18/37). It is clear that a total loss of PKCδ functionality results in an inhibition of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and steroid synthesis, accompanied by upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acids oxidation, cholesterol transport/storage, single carbon and sulphur-containing amino acid synthesis, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketogenesis, and an increased cell signalling via N-acetylglucosamine. CONCLUSION The charaterization of the dysregulated serum metabolites in this study, may represent an additional tool for the early detection and screening of PKCδ-deficiencies or abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Mari Van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shu S, Wang H, Zhu J, Fu Y, Cai J, Chen A, Tang C, Dong Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease via the PERK-PKCδ pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:452. [PMID: 35895146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, but it may induce both acute and chronic kidney problems. The pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with cisplatin chemotherapy remains largely unclear. METHODS Mice and renal tubular cells were subjected to repeated low-dose cisplatin (RLDC) treatment to induce CKD and related pathological changes. The roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, PERK, and protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) were determined using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic manipulation. RESULTS ER stress was induced by RLDC in kidney tubular cells in both in vivo and in vitro models. ER stress inhibitors given immediately after RLDC attenuated kidney dysfunction, tubular atrophy, kidney fibrosis, and inflammation in mice. In cultured renal proximal tubular cells, inhibitors of ER stress or its signaling kinase PERK also suppressed RLDC-induced fibrotic changes and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, RLDC-induced PKCδ activation, which was blocked by ER stress or PERK inhibitors, suggesting PKCδ may act downstream of PERK. Indeed, suppression of PKCδ with a kinase-dead PKCδ (PKCδ-KD) or Pkcδ-shRNA attenuated RLDC-induced fibrotic and inflammatory changes. Moreover, the expression of active PKCδ-catalytic fragment (PKCδ-CF) diminished the beneficial effects of PERK inhibitor in RLDC-treated cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assay further suggested PERK binding to PKCδ. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ER stress contributes to chronic kidney pathologies following cisplatin chemotherapy via the PERK-PKCδ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Shu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
V Ganesh G, Ganesan K, Xu B, Ramkumar KM. Nrf2 driven macrophage responses in diverse pathophysiological contexts: Disparate pieces from a shared molecular puzzle. Biofactors 2022; 48:795-812. [PMID: 35618963 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The wide anatomical distribution of macrophages and their vast array of functions match various polarization states and their involvement in homeostasis and disease. The confluence of different cellular signaling networks, including direct involvement in inflammation, at the doorstep of the transcription factor Nuclear Factor- erythroid (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation raises the importance of deciphering the molecular circuitry at the background of multiple-discrete and antagonistic yet flexible and contextual pathways. While we primarily focus on wound healing and repair mechanisms that are affected in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), we strive to explore the striking similarities and differences in molecular events including inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis during tissue injury and wound persistence that accumulates pro-inflammatory senescent macrophages, as a means to identify possible targets or cellular mediators to lessen DFU disease burden. In addition, the role of iron in the modulation of Nrf2 response in macrophages is crucial and reviewed here. Targeted approaches, unlike conventional treatments, in DFU management will require the review and re-assessment of mediators with relevance to other pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutham V Ganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan XY, Jing HY, Ma YR. Interleukin-33/ Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 in Renal Fibrosis: Emerging Roles in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 12:792897. [PMID: 35046838 PMCID: PMC8761767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.792897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that affects more than 10% of the population worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel treatment strategies for CKD. Incidentally, renal fibrosis plays a central role in the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of inflammatory pathways leads to the development of renal fibrosis. In fact, interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly discovered member of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) cytokine family, is a crucial regulator of the inflammatory process. It exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) receptor, which, in turn, activates other inflammatory pathways. Although the role of this pathway in cardiac, pulmonary, and hepatic fibrotic diseases has been extensively studied, its precise role in renal fibrosis has not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have shown that a sustained activation of IL-33/ST2 pathway promotes the development of renal fibrosis. However, with prolonged research in this field, it is expected that the IL-33/ST2 pathway will be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for renal diseases. In addition, the IL-33/ST2 pathway seems to be a new target for the future treatment of CKD. Here, we review the mechanisms and potential applications of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in renal fibrosis; such that it can help clinicians and researchers to explore effective treatment options and develop novel medicines for CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yue Jing
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang H, Zhao Y, Tang H, Duan S, Li M, Yang X, Liu J, Lou X, Cai Y, Zhao W, Sun L, Qian F. Tetraethylthiuram disulphide alleviates pulmonary fibrosis through modulating transforming growth factor-β signalling. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105923. [PMID: 34607006 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) induces significant morbidity and mortality, for which there are limited therapeutic options available. Here, we found that tetraethylthiuram disulphide (disulfiram, DSF), a derivative of thiuram, used in the treatment of alcohol abuse, has an inhibitory effect on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis via the attenuation of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, migration, and proliferation of fibroblasts. Furthermore, DSF inhibited the activation of primary pulmonary fibroblasts and fibroblast cell line under transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) challenge. Mechanistically, the anti-fibrotic effect of DSF on fibroblasts depends on the inhibition of TGF-β signalling. We further determined that DSF interrupts the interaction between SMAD3 and TGF-β receptor Ι (TBR Ι), and identified that DSF directly binds with SMAD3, in which Trp326, Thr330, and Cys332 of SMAD3 are critical binding sites for DSF. Collectively, our results reveal a powerful anti-fibrotic function of DSF in pulmonary fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD signalling in pulmonary fibroblasts, indicating that DSF is a promising therapeutic candidate for IPF.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases pose significant clinical challenges due to their broadness and complexity. Thus, a better understanding of fibrogenesis and the development of more effective treatments is imperative. Recent evidence suggests a significant antifibrotic potential of an endogenous glycoprotein, endostatin. While endostatin has been widely studied for its role as an anticancer adjuvant by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, its possible implication in fibrosis remains largely unclear. Here, we review the role of endostatin in various cellular processes and highlight its antifibrotic activity. We hypothesize that endostatin conveys a homeostatic function in the process of fibrosis by regulating (a) TGF-β1 and its downstream signaling; (b) RhoA/ROCK pathway; (c) NF-κB signaling pathway; (d) expression of EGR-1; (e) PDGF/PDGFR pathway; (f) autophagy-related pathways; (g) pathways associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Finally, we propose a schematic model of the antifibrotic roles and mechanisms of endostatin; also, we outline future research directions of endostatin and aim to present a potential therapeutic approach for fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Quan
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Verma K, Pant M, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. An Insight on Multicentric Signaling of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular system: A Recent Update. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734917. [PMID: 34489714 PMCID: PMC8417791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) makes it versatile due to its involvement in pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a multifaceted member of RAS family is known to have various potential effects. The knowledge of this peptide has immensely ameliorated after meticulous research for decades. Several studies have evidenced angiotensin I receptor (AT1 R) to mediate the majority Ang II-regulated functions in the system. Functional crosstalk between AT1 R mediated signal transduction cascades and other signaling pathways has been recognized. The review will provide an up-to-date information and recent discoveries involved in Ang II receptor signal transduction and their functional significance in the cardiovascular system for potential translation in therapeutics. Moreover, the review also focuses on the role of stem cell-based therapies in the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Malvika Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palmer TM, Salt IP. Nutrient regulation of inflammatory signalling in obesity and vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1563-1590. [PMID: 34231841 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite obesity and diabetes markedly increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly characterised. In the last 20 years it has become apparent that chronic, low-grade inflammation in obese adipose tissue may contribute to the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, increased vascular pro-inflammatory signalling is a key event in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Overnutrition exacerbates pro-inflammatory signalling in vascular and adipose tissues, with several mechanisms proposed to mediate this. In this article, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which nutrients are proposed to regulate pro-inflammatory signalling in adipose and vascular tissues. In addition, we examine the potential therapeutic opportunities that these mechanisms provide for suppression of inappropriate inflammation in obesity and vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang T, Liu M, Gao Y, Li H, Song L, Hou H, Chen T, Ma L, Zhang G, Ye Z. Salvianolic acid B inhalation solution enhances antifibrotic and anticoagulant effects in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111475. [PMID: 33774314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic effect and anticoagulant ability of salvianolic acid B (SAB) inhalation solution on bleomycin (BLM)-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in rats. We investigated how the osmotic pressure and concentration of SAB in an aerosol exerted effects. We also determined the aerodynamic particle size distribution and the uniformity of the delivery dose; these parameters were found to be suitable for inhalation. Compared with BLM group, the levels of hydroxyproline (HYP), collagen-1 (Col-1), tissue factor (TF) / coagulation factor VII (TF-VIIa), activated coagulation factor X (FXa), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) decreased in SAB group. The increased expression of coagulation factor Ⅱ (FⅡ), coagulation factor X (FX), tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) proved that SAB has obvious antifibrotic and anticoagulant effects. Western blotting and immunofluorescence further showed that compared with the BLM group, the SAB group of rats exhibited significant reductions in the expression levels of protease-activated receptors-1 (PAR-1) and phospho-protein kinase C (p-PKC) and increased expression levels of protein kinase C (PKC) in lung tissue. Furthermore, SAB reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils, protected the basic structure of the lung from destruction, inhibited the proliferation of fibrous tissue. Collectively, our data revealed that SAB may exert its antifibrotic and anticoagulant effects by preventing the expression of PAR-1 and phosphorylation of PKC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Ling Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Hongping Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China.
| | - Zuguang Ye
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|